π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-20 Ivankova Galina Mochalina Ekaterina. Dubolazova Yulia Digital ecosystem: trend in strategic development of Russian companies In the 21st century, with the widespread development of the digital economy, there is a tendency for companies to create digital business ecosystems. This intention of big companies is explained by the desire to get more profit in a competitive environment by attracting more consumers and some other factors. The development of the digital business ecosystem market is also stimulated by consumer demand for such services, since in most cases the use of digital ecosystem services is convenient and beneficial for the user. Nevertheless, the authors had considered possible risks associated with the prospects for the development of business ecosystems in the consumer market, such as troubled market’s entry to small businesses and decrease the consumer’s freedom of choice due to market’s oligopolization. The authors conducted comparative analysis of different domestic approaches to study the issue of regulating the activities of digital business ecosystems. Paper examines the evolution of digital business ecosystems in Russia using the examples of Yandex and Sberbank, two Russian largest companies developing their own digital ecosystems and creating competing services. The study explores current companies’ positions on Russian market through the analysis of financial activities, as well as a comparative analysis of companies' policies in the field of strategic development. The forecast for Yandex and Sberbank based on the analysis in the field of digital business ecosystems was considered, as well as an overview of further directions for the development of digital business ecosystems for Russian companies, paying special attention to the peculiarities of Russian economy and legislation. 10.18721/JE.16101 330.4 digital economy business strategy electronic services digital ecosystem https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.99.1/ 01_Ivankova%2C-Mochalina%2C-Dubolazova.pdf

RAR RUS 21-38 Krakovskaya Irina Korokoshko Yulia Slushkina Yuliana Russian practice of state regulation in digital transformation of Industry 10.18721/JE.16102 338.2 digitalization digital transformation industry Industry 4.0 government regulation regulatory support https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.99.2/ 02_Krakovskaya%2C-Korokoshko%2C-Slushkina.pdf

RAR RUS 39-50 Starodubova Anna Iskhakova Dinara Innovative strategies of digital enterprises for the implementation of the sustainable development in the regions There is no universal innovative strategy that could fit every digital enterprise in the regions. When forming an innovative strategy of digital enterprises, regions should take into account market demand generated by small, medium-sized (SMEs) and large enterprises. The share of large enterprises (5%) is much smaller in the world in relation to the number of SMEs (95%). In most countries (38 out of 43), the number of large enterprises is less than 0.01%. Correlation coefficients (calculated according to the Kendall method and the Spearman method) showed an average level of associations between innovation activity of digital enterprises in the region and the size of enterprises (small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises). Deviations from the supply and demand in the market of innovations of digital enterprises are determined using the scoring method in 43 regions. The researchers proposed a classification of five strategies of innovative activity of digital enterprises in the region. The criteria for classifying strategies included: priority of innovations of digital enterprises in the national market; deviation in demand and supply in the market of technologies for the digital enterprises; class of innovative activity of the digital enterprises in the region. Regions of the high level of innovation activity apply a strategy of introducing innovations at SMEs and large enterprises in the domestic market. Most regions have a 74% shortage of demand in the domestic market (except for China, India) and apply an implementation strategy based on the external market, without priority to a certain size of the enterprise. A well-chosen strategy contributes to the growth of the introduction of patents of digital enterprises, without disturbing the balance between SMEs and large enterprises to achieve sustainable development goals in the regions. Starting from 2022, regions are recommended to revise the innovation strategies. This is necessary due to the transition of regions to the development of domestic markets due to the reduction in foreign trade. 10.18721/JE.16103 334, 338.2 patent innovation activity strategy sustainable development digital enterprise https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.99.3/ 03_Starodubova%2C-Ishakova.pdf

RAR RUS 51-61 Kapelyuk Sergey Karelin Iliya Dynamics of digital skills demand in labor markets of Russian regions Digital skills play an important role in the digital economy. In many ways, the presence and level of digital skills in the country’s population depends on their demand in the labor market. Despite significant differentiation in the digital economy development in Russian regions, regional differences in the demand for digital skills have not yet been studied. The aim of the study is to determine the main trends in the dynamics of demand for digital skills in Russian regions based on the analysis of employers’ requirements indicated in vacancies. To conduct the analysis, we used vacancies posted by Russian employers on the Unified Digital Platform “Work in Russia” in 2018–2022. The data on the demand for digital skills were obtained on the basis of automated processing of employers’ requirements specified in vacancies. The analysis of the dynamics of demand in the regional context was carried out by three groups of digital skills including basic, advanced and professional. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a slight decrease in the differentiation of Russian regions in the demand for digital skills, but at the same time it remains very significant. The most significant differentiation was found for advanced digital skills, while the smallest was found for basic ones. We also found that in some regions with the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic the requirements for digital skills have increased significantly. In our opinion, this is due to the varying degree of severity of the restrictive measures taken in the regions of Russia. The novelty of the obtained results is that, in contrast to previous studies on the demand for digital skills, this paper focuses on regional differences. The practical significance of the obtained results is that data on the dynamics and level of demand for digital skills in individual regions can be used to determine priority regions in which appropriate educational and professional development programs can be implemented. Based on the obtained results, in our opinion, a more detailed investigation of the period of the coronavirus pandemic in order to study the impact of crisis phenomena on the labor market is a promising direction for further research. 10.18721/JE.16104 331.522 human capital digital skills labor demand vacancies https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.99.4/ 04_Kapelyuk%2C-Karelin.pdf

RAR RUS 62-82 56436586400 0000-0003-3042-7550 Penza State University Gamidullaeva Leyla Industrial cluster of the region as a localized ecosystem: the role of selforganization and collaboration factors To solve the problems facing the regional industrial policy, it is necessary to integrate enterprises at the intersectoral and interregional levels, which makes it expedient to develop new organizational and economic models for combining economic agents on the basis of partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation, which allow coordinating the activities of industrial enterprises and attracting the resources of other actors of regional socio-economic systems. The scientific hypothesis formulated in the study is that formation and functioning of clusters based on the principles of ecosystem interaction, offering fundamentally different mechanisms for coordinating economic entities in a modern dynamic innovative environment, is an effective tool for economic policy in the context of systemic crises and for the purposes of sustainable development and achieving import independence of domestic industries. The author carried out a terminological analysis of the concepts of industrial cluster, industrial ecosystem and industrial symbiosis. It is substantiated that the cluster and symbiosis are specific concepts in relation to the industrial ecosystem. The cluster is a transitional form of the industrial ecosystem in terms of the evolution of the economic space, in turn, the industrial ecosystem is an organically and harmoniously arranged network of industrial clusters and/or symbioses. The synthesis of agglomeration and ecosystem approaches allows us to explore the cluster as a localized ecosystem, as well as to propose systemic mechanisms for integrating the regional space in the country based on optimizing the interaction of industrial cluster actors. In this context, the factors of collaboration and self-organization are considered as key in the processes of formation and evolutionary development of industrial clusters. Collaboration of actors is a reflection of the development of traditions of industrial cooperation, institutional and interpersonal trust, as well as non-hierarchical management. The article proposes a way to ensure compliance with the principle of self-organization of actors by formulating clear transparent rules for their entry into the cluster and functioning in it. The role of the reputational capital of enterprises and organizations in the processes of cluster self-organization as a localized ecosystem is analyzed. A list of parameters and indicators has been developed to assess the level of cluster maturity, taking into account modern challenges and trends. The main results of the study can become a theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of a policy to stimulate cluster development in Russian regions, stimulating industrial enterprises and ultimately affecting the economic growth and improving social indicators of enterprises, industries and the country as a whole. In further studies, it is planned to conduct an in-depth analysis of the ecosystem-agglomeration approach to the formation and development of clusters in order to operationalize it and introduce it into regional practice. 10.18721/JE.16105 338.2 industrial cluster industrial ecosystem connectivity of the economic space production localization cluster mapping import independence regional development https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.99.5/ 05_Gamidullaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 83-97 MorozovaYulia A. Yulia The role of scenario analysis in forming the industry development strategy (by the example of health care) This article is devoted to improving the strategizing of the development of domestic health care. Acceleration of population aging brings new challenges to the national health systems of most countries, primarily in the middle-income ones, since the older generation gets sick much more often, and their treatment requires much more investment. Strategic challenges such as the coronavirus pandemic provide a fork in the scenario for the implementation of public health policy. This circumstance requires an analysis of various scenarios for the development of the situation in the healthcare sector at the national and regional levels. In accordance with the methodology of the foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Academician V.L. Quint, first of all, in this process, it is necessary to take into account global trends and their national and regional projections. The purpose of this work is to identify the role of scenario analysis in the formation of a strategy for the development of Russian healthcare at the regional and federal levels. The object of the study is the Russian healthcare industry, and the subject is the patterns of changes in the efficiency of healthcare in the regions of Russia, which are important for taking into account in the process of strategic planning using scenario analysis. A comparative analysis of the factors affecting the preservation and improvement of public health in Russia and some foreign countries shows that the most serious negative pressure on the effectiveness of the healthcare system in Russia is due to socio-economic, natural and climatic features, insufficient healthy lifestyle culture of the population, which has also been declining in recent years. In particular, the increase in demand for private medical services is an indicator of the increasing attention of the population to their health. At the level of Russian regions, the dependence of the overall effectiveness of health care (reflected in the value of life expectancy) on the level of the economy is shown. At the same time, the dependence of this indicator on the provision of the system with medical personnel and the financing of the industry in the regional context is not directly visible, however, it can be confidently stated that the development of private medicine has a positive effect on the efficiency of the healthcare system as a whole. The coronavirus pandemic has become a serious destabilizing factor in ensuring the effectiveness of healthcare, which requires considering such challenges when planning healthcare development under various scenarios. For the formation of successful strategic scenarios, and then for their successful practical implementation, it is necessary to digitalize healthcare systems both at the national and regional levels, which solves the key task of the strategizing process – ensuring scenario forecasting. The role of scenario analysis in shaping the strategy for the development of Russian healthcare is becoming key for successful strategic management of the healthcare system. 10.18721/JE.16106 332.024 healthcare development strategy life expectancy scenario analysis pandemic Russia regions digitalization https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.99.6/ 06_Morozova.pdf

RAR RUS 98-113 Burdakova Galina galinabu@rambler.ru Byankin Anton anton.byankin@yandex.ru Meshkov Aleksandr Study of regional demand for timber industry products in the context of external sanctions pressures At the beginning of 2022, the timber industry complex of the Russian Federation fully faced the following risks: a complete ban on the export of untreated wood; the introduction of restrictive sanctions in key foreign markets. Until recently, there was a widespread belief that the timber industry of the Far East would suffer the least due to sanctions, since China is the main consumer country of unprocessed wood in this region. However, in the course of the study, it was revealed that due to the reversal of the flows of products of Western timber enterprises to the east, competition for the Chinese market increased; overstocking in this market resulted in a drop of the prices. The export of products, even of shallow processing, has become unprofitable for the timber processors of the Khabarovsk Territory; its enterprises are reducing production, suffering losses. Under these conditions, domestic consumption should become an important factor determining the demand for the products of the timber industry in the long term. The article is devoted to the study of the potential (volume and structure) of the domestic market for the sale of timber products in the Khabarovsk Territory. Based on the analysis of the results of the timber industry activities in the Territory, trends in the structure of production and export of enterprises were identified, the dynamics of production and consumption of timber products of the LPC of the region in the domestic market of the region were shown. In the course of the study, an analysis of state projects and programs in the field of the forest industry, as well as interviewing of specialists of the Khabarovsk Territory Government were carried out. On the basis of the collected materials, real and potential products, and industries (spheres) of their application were designated in the context of the reallocation of the timber industry complex of the region. The annual volume of timber products falling out of exports was determined, the internal market for the sale of LPC products was evaluated, the potential consumption of lumber was calculated under various development scenarios in the regional market. The prospects for the production and use of biofuels in the housing and communal services of the Khabarovsk Territory were substantiated, additional directions for the use of low-grade wood and woodworking waste were proposed. 10.18721/JE.16107 332.025 timber industry complex Khabarovsk Territory sanctions adaptation domestic sales market wooden housing construction https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.99.7/ 07_Burdakova%2C-Byankin%2C-Meshkov.pdf

RAR RUS 114-127 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Voytyuk Valeriy Comprehensive risk assessment model for an industrial park project The search for optimal solutions to improve effective implementation of one of the forms of development of industrial complexes, industrial parks, requires an accurate definition of the list of its (park) key elements and investment subjects for its creation. One of the most important areas for solving this problem is the analysis of the general structure of the perimeter of the business landscape of the project for the creation and operation of an industrial park. It is the elements of the business landscape, including processes and objects, that give rise to the risks of such projects, which significantly reduce their economic efficiency for participants. The results of this analysis make it possible to identify risks and their metrics that reduce the expected economic effects from the project for the participants in the project to create an industrial park. The analysis of the theoretical substantiation of the existing criteria for assessing and making a decision on the creation of industrial parks, the structure and financing sources for the engineering and transport infrastructure revealed significant differences in the positions of scientists and the expert community in relation to both models and criteria for an integrated assessment of the effectiveness of projects implemented by the state and private investors. Differences in the structure of funding sources, including the costs and revenues of budgets of various levels generated by these projects, do not allow correct and comparable assessment of such projects only using standard integrated performance indicators: NPV, DPBP, IRR and PI. The objective need to develop new methods for assessing the economic feasibility of implementing industrial park projects for the purpose of providing such projects with state financial support measures is confirmed by an analysis of the current state of development of the industrial parks institution in the Russian Federation. Our focus on the need for a hierarchical classification of risk types up to the second level of decomposition generated in the framework of the implementation of industrial parks projects, taking into account standardized groupings and empirical data obtained during the implementation of similar real projects, allows us to rethink the attitude to the analysis and assessment of investment risks projects. Thus, we can now use the value of the total risk of the project not as part of the mathematical model for assessing the present value of the cash flows generated by the project, but as a separate metric for the comparative assessment of the project. As part of the confirmation of this hypothesis, the rationale for the use of methodologies of qualitative and quantitative analysis (including the calculation of the probability value), as well as a comparative risk assessment established by the current GOST R, in relation to projects to create industrial parks, was justified. Another result of this work is an assessment of the low efficiency of methods that take into account the risks of an investment project in the discount rate of cash flows in relation to projects for the creation of industrial parks, and not the creation of enterprises for the industrial production of goods. As a constructive solution, a mathematical model is proposed for calculating the integral indicator for assessing the risks of a project to create an industrial park, as well as an optimization model for choosing projects and the composition of industrial park support mechanisms. The model is based on the analysis of correlation matrices of dependencies between: types of projects and types of risks generated by them, types of risks and elements of the project’s income and expenses, as well as the project participants and the structure of the project’s income and expenses. 10.18721/JE.16108 338.242.2 industrial park risk analysis and assessment investment project risk classification integral indicator optimization model https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.99.8/ 08_Gluhov%2C-Voytyuk.pdf