π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-20 Imani Mehdi Alekseeva Yuliia Feofilova Tatyana Iran’s digital economy: problems and governance features Current trends in global economic development require the introduction of various technologies, the application of which contributes to the progressive development of the economy. Most countries with a high level of economic development (Singapore, Hong Kong, Germany, etc.) are taking active steps to develop the digital environment and infrastructure necessary for the successful functioning of the digital ecosystem. In this regard, it is established that one of the tools to improve the socio-economic situation in the country is the digital economy. The purpose of this study is to identify the specifics and challenges of the development of Iran’s digital economy. The main elements of the modern digital economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran are identified: smart city, e-health, e-government, e-learning and e-banking. The authors identified the directions of approaches to defining the country’s digital economy and defined the role of the state in the implementation of digital programs. The authors revealed a contradiction in the management system of the development of digitalization of the Iranian economy: on the one hand, state authorities recognize that at present, economic, social and political development is impossible without cyberspace and digital economy; on the other hand, the state is unable to have any significant impact on the digitalization processes due to limited areas of legal regulation and limited state participation in these processes. The trends of Iran’s digital economy are given in case studies. It is found that the state does not take the initiative to create an enabling environment for the development of digital entrepreneurship, and does not actually recognize the digital economy as a priority project and business development incentive. At the same time, the level of digital development in Iran has good prospects for growth. At the same time, a list of challenges to the digitalization of the Islamic Republic’s economy has been established: the delegation of responsibility for developing the digital economy to the private sector; lack of digital technology and human resources; ineffective management of technology projects; lack of certainty in regulating the security and use of personal data; poor infrastructure development; limited state support measures for the use of technology 10.18721/JE.15401 338 digital economy technology socio-economic situation economy Iran https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.96.1/ 01_Alekseeva%2CFeofilova%2CImani.pdf

RAR RUS 21-35 57211165463 0000-0002-5040-0841 Voronezh State Agricultural University Pshenichnikov Wladislav wladwp@yandex.ru

str.Mitchurina, 1, Voronezh, 394087

Retrospective analysis based identification of potential sources of value and purchasing power of digital currencies The emergence of digital currencies represented by immaterial carriers of monetary relations poses a key question for researchers about the sources of their value and purchasing power. The answer to this question can give an understanding of how digital currencies will be able to perform basic monetary functions, which methods and tools for regulating their turnover may be the most effective. The purpose of the study is to identify potential sources of value and purchasing power of digital currencies using retrospective analysis as a method of predictive research in economics. The purchasing power of commodity and metal money was determined by such objective factors as: the consumer properties of the goods and metals themselves; the costs of extracting the gifts of nature and metals, the manufacture of ingots and coinage of precious metals; the ratio between the demand for money and their supply. Subjective factors that determined the purchasing power of commodity and metal money are always associated with individual assessments and judgments of people: the purchasing power of commodity money in each case of their use depended on the hierarchy of consumer needs and preferences of individuals; the purchasing power of metal money depended on the monetary policy of the authorities, which determined the rules for the manufacture and circulation of ingots and coins made of precious metals, sources of replenishment of the state treasury with gold and silver, the scale of their extraction, export from the country and import into the country. The purchasing power of representatives and substitutes of money is determined by such objective factors as: the ratio between the demand for money and its supply; the speed of money turnover; the level of prices; the amount of interest rates. On the side of subjective factors influencing the purchasing power of representatives and substitutes of money, the monetary policy of the authorities remains, supported by the trust of individuals in the monetary authorities and the money they issue. The purchasing power of digital currencies is determined by such objective factors as: the ratio between the demand for money and its supply; the cost of electricity for the emission of money. On the side of subjective factors influencing the purchasing power of digital currencies are the regulatory activities of monetary authorities and the preferences of individuals. The directions of further research will be related to the continuation of the collection, processing, and analysis of statistical data on the use of digital currencies in various jurisdictions, as well as the systematization of various theoretical provisions justifying the possibilities and conditions for expanding the practice of their use. 10.18721/JE.15402 336.741.2 types of money exchange value purchasing power of money retrospective analysis theories of money digital currencies https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.96.2/ 02_Pshenichnikov.pdf

RAR RUS 36-48 Burdakova Galina galinabu@rambler.ru 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Byankin Anton anton.byankin@yandex.ru Assessment of the role of universities in staffing the digital economy of the region In modern conditions, the digitalization of the economic and economic activity of the region is becoming one of the key arguments for its investment attractiveness and competitiveness. The most important factors determining the development of the digital economy are: relevant regulatory and legal support, information infrastructure and security, research and development, specialized personnel with key competencies. In this list, human capital is a critical factor, since it determines the level of development of all other elements from this list. The most important trends in the training of personnel for the digital economy of Russia are the formation of knowledge, skills, and digital literacy skills at the initial stages of children’s education and the development of relevant competencies throughout life. The shortage of specialized personnel for digitalization remains the main problem of socio-economic and innovative development of most regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to assess the role and identify areas for improving the efficiency of higher education institutions in the staffing of the digital economy of the region. The authors analyzed the digitalization index of the economy of the Murmansk region and draw conclusions on the accumulation of social effects from the introduction of digitalization. However, the excess of digital demand over digital supply in the “Education” dimension indicates serious problems in training personnel for this area. Trends in the training of personnel with key competencies of the digital economy in the Murmansk region on the basis of higher educational institutions have been identified. The calculations used the methodology for determining the indicators of the federal project “Personnel for the digital Economy”. The role of universities as key suppliers of labor resources for the implementation of Arctic projects involving the use of digital technologies is substantiated. Regional problems, as well as internal limitations of universities in the field of training for the digital economy are identified. The directions for improving the efficiency of training specialists with digital competencies for the economy of the region on the basis of higher educational institutions are proposed. Providing relevant specialists requires a systematic consolidation of the efforts of all interested actors: the government, business leaders and public opinion leaders, universities. 10.18721/JE.15403 338.2 digital economy higher education institutions personnel training the role of universities https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.96.3/ 03_Gluhov%2C-Byankin%2C-Burdakova.pdf

RAR RUS 49-67 Naumova Kseniia Pletnev Dmitriy pletnev@csu.ru Kozlova Elena The "GENE" of success: what national high-growth firms can teach Russian business in modern conditions Nowadays, there is an increasing value in analyzing and transferring the successful experience of the work of national companies that succeed and stay successful in the face of external shocks, high uncertainty and the intensification of new challenges. One case of successful companies is high-growth firms (so-called “gazelles”). The purpose of the article is to summarize the experience of high-growth Russian firms using an original approach. The approach “codes” the organizational capabilities of firms using 12 “chromosomes”. The analysis and synthesis of information from open sources is used as the main research method in the article. Three Russian gazelles, such as Yandex, Vkusvill, and Red&White, have been studied in detail by analyzing publications in open sources. The information openness of the analyzed companies contributed to the identification of chromosomes despite the varying degree of their manifestation. A study of the organizational DNA of fast-growing companies has shown that gazelles have special chromosomes. In Yandex, the chromosomes responsible for inspiration and the process of rethinking are most pronounced. The firm pays considerable attention to training both current and potential employees, as well as creating comfortable working conditions for them. The significant influence exerted by Yandex on the Russian IT industry causes close attention to the company’s actions, which does not allow deviating from the declared values and principles even in the conditions of instability of the Russian and global economy. In Vkusvill, the chromosomes of rearrangement and revitalization dominate. A fundamentally new structure for Russian food retail and a focus on customers are the determining factors for the company' 10.18721/JE.15404 334.722 high-growth firms gazelles organizational DNA chromosomes https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.96.4/ 04_Pletnev%2C-Kozlova%2C-Naumova.pdf

RAR RUS 68-81 Borisov Aleksandr Kremlyova Nataliia kremleva-n@yandex.ru Improvement of the depreciation policy of the enterprise on the basis of intelligent diagnosing systems for the technical condition of fixed assets The implementation of an effective depreciation policy, taking into account the real depreciation of the production and economic system with the use of modern information technologies and allowing the formation of the depreciation fund of the enterprise necessary for simple and extended reproduction, is an urgent task for the economy. The purpose of the research is to improve the depreciation policy of enterprises based on the organization of a system for accounting and evaluating the depreciation of the production and economic system using intelligent systems for diagnosing and servicing technological machines and equipment in real time. The production and economic system of the enterprise was chosen as the object of the study. The subject of the study is the process of forming the enterprise’s depreciation fund based on the accounting of technical wear and its assessment using intelligent systems for diagnosing the technical condition and maintenance of fixed assets. This study uses concepts developed by Professor A.N. Shichkov. The following scientific and practical results of the study were obtained: 1. Modern publications in the field of diagnostics and maintenance of technological machines and equipment are systematized, the author’s position on the possibility of using these systems in the formation of the depreciation policy of the enterprise is given. 2. The application of the coefficient of technical wear is justified, which allows calculating depreciation taking into account the real wear of the production and economic system. 3. The depreciation policy of the enterprise has been improved based on the system for accounting for the technical depreciation of the production and economic system using intelligent systems for diagnosing and servicing technological machines and equipment in real time. Scientific novelty lies in the proposed approach to the implementation of the operational measurement of the value of technical wear based on the characteristics that determine the level of loads of production and economic systems. The approach makes it possible to form an enterprise’s depreciation fund sufficient for reproduction. Further research will be devoted to improving the system of accounting and assessment of depreciation in the formation of the depreciation fund based on diagnostics and maintenance of equipment using artificial intelligence, as well as exploring the possibility of using various forms of intellectual property rights protection. It is also expected to test the results of the study on the example of vehicles. 10.18721/JE.15405 330.142.211.4 types of money exchange value purchasing power of money retrospective analysis theories of money digital currencies https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.96.5/ 05_Borisov%2C-Kremlyova.pdf

RAR RUS 82-95 Kudryashov Vadim kudvad88@yandex.ru Babkin Ivan babkinivan@spbstu.ru Demidenko Daniel demidenko11@rambler.ru Malevskaya-Malevich Ekaterina ESG based assessment of the enterprises efficiency Russian economy is currently undergoing transformation against the backdrop of sanctions pressure, the global financial crisis, and severe turbulence. Under these conditions, the problem of prioritizing the directions of economic development becomes actual. As recent data show, the trend of greening production, the transition to a circular economy, not only has not lost its relevance, but has also acquired particular significance in view of the limited resources and the narrowing of sales markets for Russian enterprises. Thus, we can conclude that the transition of the Russian economy to the concept of sustainable development not only does not stop, but continues at an accelerated pace. In this regard, there is a growing need to standardize the disclosure of non-financial information for the assessment and assignment of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) criteria to Russian enterprises. To date, existing international rating agencies have withdrawn the ratings of Russian companies, but, nevertheless, world experience can be used to develop internal assessment methodologies. In Russia, there are no uniform criteria for assessing and assigning ESG ratings to companies, as well as mandatory non-financial reporting. However, there are recommendations from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as well as prerequisites for the fact that such reporting, along with financial reporting, will soon become mandatory for enterprises. In this regard, the analysis and search for uniform standards for such reporting is being updated, on the basis of which it is possible to assess the effectiveness of enterprises in terms of the ESG concept. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of disclosure of non-financial information for assessing the ESG criteria of Russian enterprises. Research objectives: to determine the main international standards for disclosing non-financial reporting of companies for ESG ratings; to identify the main goals of ESG ratings assessment; to classify methods for evaluating criteria by Russian verifiers; to propose an econometric model for maximizing the market value of an enterprise, taking into account the restrictions imposed by the ESG concept. To achieve this goal, the authors identified the most relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the development of the Russian economy; analyzed the volume, composition and cost of green capital attracted by Russian companies; performed a comparative analysis of the existing international standards for the disclosure of non-financial information, as well as methodologies for evaluating the ESG criteria of verified Russian rating agencies. The results of the study consist in identifying the main problems of standardizing the disclosure of non-financial information of Russian companies, as well as identifying priority areas for development in the field of evaluating ESG criteria. The team of authors proposed an econometric model that allows maximizing the market value of manufacturing enterprises, their products and investment projects being implemented, taking into account the existing resource, assortment and other restrictions imposed by the ESG concept. 10.18721/JE.15406 338.121 Non-financial reporting of corporations Standardization of disclosure of non-financial information Investment attractiveness of the company Green economy ESG criteria https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.96.6/ 06_Demidenko%2C-Malevskaya-Malevich%2C-Kudryashov%2C-Babkin.pdf

RAR RUS 96-109 Rogozinskiy Eugeniy Teterin Yuriy Kovzunova Eugenia Ruiga Irina The diagnostic model for food security assessment of the Russian Arctic The article is devoted to the formation of the diagnostic model for food security assessment of the Russian Federation Arctic zone (AZRF). The topicality of the research is due to the necessity of modernization of the Russian Arctic food supply system in the face of increasing external and internal threats. It is also it is due to the practical significance of timely forecasting of food shortages and prevention of crisis phenomena, both at the level of the entire Arctic region and at the level of subjects within the Russian Arctic. The existing regulatory documents and strategic development programs fail to account for the specifics of the Arctic regions; there is no methodology for food security assessment taking into account territorial characteristics, no system of target indicators and their threshold values: all of these factors prevent correct assessment of food security of the AZRF. In the aspect of this problem, the necessity of developing the diagnostic model of macroregion food security is justified, taking into account the characteristic distinctive features inherent in the Arctic territories. Based on the comparative analysis of methodological approaches for the assessment of food security, an adjustment of the evaluation indicators system is proposed within the framework of the research. It is expedient to include the following complex of criteria in the diagnostic evaluation model: 1) physical availability; 2) affordability of food; 3) sufficiency of food consumption; 4) food safety; 5) transport accessibility. The level of food security is proposed to be formed based on the usage of an integral method with a preliminary procedure for simple rationing of particular indicators, taking into account the established thresholds. The proposed diagnostic model is implemented on the example of the Russian Arctic subjects; the research period is from 2010 to 2020. As a result, the proposed diagnostic model makes it possible to determine the integral value of the level of the Russian Arctic subjects’ food security, as well as to identify threats to food security, taking into account the regional peculiarities of the functioning of the food sector. The proposed diagnostic model of food security assessment can be used by regional and municipal public authorities in the aspect of systematization of risks and threats to food security of the Russian Arctic for the subsequent formation of a set of standard management solutions to minimize negative consequences within the framework of scenario options, taking into account the peculiarities of regional and sectoral potential and Arctic specifics on the basis of coordination of actions of stakeholders (government, business, society). 10.18721/JE.15407 332.02 food security; Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; diagnostic model; evaluation indicators; affordability and physical availability of food; sufficiency of food consumption; food policy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.96.7/ 07_Kovzunova%2C-Ruyga%2C-Rogozinskiy%2C-Teterin.pdf

RAR RUS 110-122 Britvina Valentina 57212400451 0000-0002-9226-9829 Russian state academy of intellectual property Ustinova Liliya Makarov Andrei Model of digital transformation of the innovation ecosystem based on the technological platform The process of transformation of the economy through the use of digital technologies allows further development of science and technology in close relationship with the interests of specialists. In the conditions of the digital economy, in order to form a favorable innovation environment, it is necessary to have a structured management mechanism aimed at increasing competitiveness, economic efficiency, and security of innovation processes in the long term. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of modern ecosystems and develop a model for the digital transformation of an innovation ecosystem based on a technological platform. The digital transformation of the innovation ecosystem contributes to the rapid transfer and dissemination of knowledge, the organization of network communications, where ready-made solutions and data are exchanged. The study reveals the relationship of goals, objectives, models and strategies of digital transformation. The digital platform is considered as a coherent system of digitized business processes, information data and infrastructure. It is shown that modern digital platforms are combined into ecosystems based on data exchange. The study analyzes the processes of development and formation of an ecosystem for the creation, evaluation and transfer of high-tech developments based on smart technologies. The innovation ecosystem is shown as a functional unity of the subjects of the innovation process and their interaction environment. The intelligent ecosystem includes systems using analytics, artificial intelligence, integrated network and cloud infrastructure. One of the key factors of the global digitalization of the economy has become the development of artificial intelligence. The intelligent ecosystem includes systems using analytics, artificial intelligence, integrated network and cloud infrastructure. One of the key factors of the global digitalization of the economy has become the development of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence can be used to realize new human capabilities in all spheres of activity: support in making managerial decisions; transfer of knowledge; support of communication between people; automation of hazardous work. Therefore, the use of artificial intelligence is necessary in all economic and social relations to improve the quality of life and the welfare of society. In the conditions of the digital economy, in order to form a favorable innovation environment, it is necessary to have a structured management mechanism aimed at increasing competitiveness, economic efficiency, and security of innovation processes in the long term. The application of the ecosystem approach has made it possible to modify and transform many information, technological, social models and management structures in industry. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a structural-graphical model of the digital transformation of the innovation ecosystem based on the technological platform. Digital transformation of objects is based on their structured clear formalization: information, orders, distribution of tasks. The key factors in the developed model are highlighted: resources (basic, connecting, organizing), tools, connections, competencies, communications. Intellectual potential is presented as state-of-the-art knowledge, intellectual abilities and experience of intellectual activity of the company, which should be involved in the process of innovation production. 10.18721/JE.15408 330 technology platform innovation ecosystem digital transformation model key characteristics of business systems https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.96.8/ 08_Ustinova%2C-Makarov%2C-Britvina.pdf