π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-21 57222509570 0000-0002-1801-4326 Tashkent state university of economics Makhmudova Guljahon guljaxon0038@gmail.com Ashurov Zufar Razakova Barno Development of digital ecosystem and formation of digital platforms in Uzbekistan The current process of globalization poses the task of transition to a digital economy for developing states. For this task, the creation of a favorable digital economy ecosystem is a basic prerequisite. The digital economy of each country has a separate infrastructure or ecosystem. Each structural part of the ecosystem covers end-to-end digital technologies, such as mobile technologies, BigData, robotics, quantum technologies, cloud technologies, artificial intelligence, internet of things, virtual and augmented reality technologies, digital platforms. World experience shows that the digitalization of the economy is the most important condition for the socio-economic integration of countries. The practice takes into account a number of indicators, which show a picture of the digitalization of spheres and sectors of the country’s economy. This research work examines the need for the development of a digital ecosystem, the essence and indicators of e-government, analyzes the issues and trends of their development in the case of Single Portal of Interactive Public Services (SPIPS). In addition, the essence and trends of the ecosystem of the digital economy are revealed, in particular, the emphasis is placed on normative regulation by the government, the e-government indices are analyzed, and the features of the development of the digital ecosystem in Uzbekistan are specified. Based on the adopted statutory acts and the “Digital Uzbekistan-2030” Strategy, the scientific conclusions have been drawn for the further development of the digital ecosystem and e-government in the country. The purpose of the study is to reveal the trends and priorities of ecosystem of the digital economy of Uzbekistan, to present scientific and practical conclusions on practical significance of the SPIPS digital platform. In the process of research, we used structural and system approaches, classification method, logical method, scientific abstraction, and generalization method. The use of these methods in total enabled us to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the studied area, to make theoretical generalizations, to formulate practical recommendations and conclusions. Improvement of the quality and efficiency of the SPIPS is based on the development of the information and communication technology of the country and on the innovative literacy of citizens. In accordance with legislative acts, ensuring the quality public services and harmonization of the digitalization processes of the system for the provision of various public services are priority areas for reforming the e-government in Uzbekistan. 10.18721/JE.15201 330.1:004(575.1) digital economy digital ecosystem digitalization digital transformation e-government digital platform SPIPS e-services https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.1/ 01_Mahmudova.pdf

RAR RUS 22-27 Pisarev Ivan ivanvladpi@mail.ru Byvshev Vladimir Panteleeva Irina Parfenteva Kristina Study on readiness of Russian regions for digital transformation The work is devoted to the study of the readiness of Russian regions to implement digital transformation. The relevance of the research is due to the widespread introduction of advanced digital and intelligent technologies, as well as the need to transition to a digital economy. The processes of digital transformation are increasingly penetrating into the life of the regions, and have a direct impact on their socio-economic situation. At the state level, a significant number of programs and strategic documents are being created for the development of the digital economy throughout the Russian Federation, while the interests of the regions are considered only indirectly. The absence of a developed regional policy aimed at digitalization of regions leads to an increase in the differentiation of regions by the level of digital development. In this connection, there is a need to assess the level of digital development of the regions of Russia, to determine the readiness of the regions to implement digital transformations, or to obtain results indicating that the processes of digital transformation already confidently permeate all socio-economic activities of the regions. To assess the level of digital development of regions, it is necessary to choose an appropriate methodology that informatively and objectively reflects the situation of digital transformations in the region. In this connection, the article conducts a study of existing domestic and foreign methods that assess the level of digital development. As a result, the authors have developed and proposed an integral indicator for assessing the digital development of Russian regions, which includes the main indicators of the digital development of society, business and the state. With the help of the proposed integral indicator, the level of digital development of each region of Russia in 2012 and 2019 is determined. A comparative analysis of changes in the values of the integral indicator reflecting the level of digital development of the regions from 2012 to 2019 was carried out. The dynamics of changes in digital processes in various regions of Russia is determined. The leading regions that have achieved high results in digital development, as well as lagging regions, have been identified. At the end, the main conclusions are given and some reasons for significant changes in the level of digital development in certain regions are identified. 10.18721/JE.15202 332.12 Digital transformation digitalization digital infrastructure regions of Russia digitalization of regions digital economy personnel problems of regions digital inequality https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.2/ 02_Pisarev%2C-Bivshev%2C-Panteleeva%2C-Parfenteva.pdf

RAR RUS 38-58 Nasyrovа Svetlana Human-oriented economy: goals and their contradictions Emphasis on a human through the satisfaction of his needs has always been the focus of the research of economic theorists. Numerous studies confirm the defining role of a human in the economy, which actualizes the issue of considering and identifying a human-oriented economy. The purpose of the study is to form a holistic view of the goals of a human-oriented economy, based on its immediate essence: the satisfaction of objectively necessary human needs. The study is based on the application of the “sequence of purposes” method of categorical-system methodology. Results of the study. First, the human-oriented economy is represented using three components of the categorical method: system (human-oriented economy), elements of the system (natural sphere, material sphere, service sector, social sphere, infosphere, digital sphere, creatosphere, cognitive sphere), its property (human-centered principle). Secondly, the goal settings of this economic system are disclosed, based on its hierarchical levels: goal, sub-goal, super-goal. Thirdly, the paper structures the contradictions that take place between the components of the economy, identified using the “sequence of purposes” method (goal, sub-goal, super-goal), as well as their interaction with the external environment. These contradictions include internal contradictions (contradictions between the sub-goals of a human-oriented economy, contradictions between the principle of combining the spheres of a human-oriented economy and the sub-goals of its individual spheres, contradictions between the sub-goals and the goal of a human-oriented economy, contradictions between a human-centric economy and the principle of combining spheres economy as parts into a whole) and external contradictions (contradictions between the principle of combining the spheres of a human-oriented economy and the external environment, contradictions between the subgoals of a human-oriented economy and the external environment, contradictions between a human-centric economy and the external environment). Fourthly, directions for resolving the identified contradictions and their consequences are determined. Finally, the contradictions that arise between the subsystems of a human-oriented economy are supplemented: horizontal (homogeneous and heterogeneous contradictions within one sphere) and vertical contradictions (conflicts arising within several spheres of the economy under consideration). The practical significance of the study is that the results obtained can be used in the development of mechanisms for managing the formation and development of a human-oriented economy. 10.18721/JE.15203 330.112 human-centered economy human needs sequence of purposes goals expert assessment method contradictions of goals resolution of contradictions https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.3/ 03_Nasirova.pdf

RAR RUS 59-78 V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Kurcheeva Galina kurcheeva@yandex.ru Aprelova Lada Green building problems in the context of the healthy city concept implementation Currently, there is a positive trend towards sustainable development, an element of which is not only a comfortable, but also a healthy urban environment. Within the framework of the sustainable development, guidelines are being actively formed for a high-quality urban environment that ensures a high level of duration and quality of life for the population. Notably, providing a comfortable and healthy urban environment is a profitable economic strategy that will save significant funds “for the treatment of diseases that have not occurred in the future”. One of the effective tools for ensuring the health of the city is green building. The problem of the ecology of the city remains relevant, which can be ensured by the presence of green building; however, there are currently a number of factors hindering the development of this policy in Russia. The purpose of this study is to identify these problems and develop mechanisms for their solution. During the study, the following methods were used: analysis of statistical data, comparison, generalization, literature analysis, SWOT analysis, expert assessments, monitoring, forecasting. The authors carried out a detailed analysis of the concept of green building and a healthy city, considered the theoretical foundations within these areas, analyzed the legal framework governing green building and the achievement of sustainable development goals in the Russian Federation, identified problems and factors hindering the development of green building in Russia, ways of solving the identified problems are proposed, for the first time the policy of green building is considered as a tool to improve the health of the city. The necessity of participation of the authorities in the development of green building in the Russian Federation, economic incentives for market participants, the cultivation of qualified personnel, and the improvement of the legal framework governing green building in Russia is proved. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the proposed proposals can be implemented in the practice of the authorities. It seems appropriate in further research to study in more detail the environmental and economic assessments of green building facilities; carrying out to reveal the influence of foreign standards of ecological construction on the formation of Russian eco-standards. 10.18721/JE.15204 330 healthy city green technologies green building sustainable development energy efficiency comfortable urban environment https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.4/ 04_Babkin%2C-Kurcheeva%2C-Aprelova.pdf

RAR RUS 79-88 Chernavskih Ekaterina Golovina Alla vshko@inbox.ru Implementation of entrepreneurship acceleration services in the federal project: the problem of comprehensiveness and expansion of the approach In Russia, an industry specific national project approved the “creation of an acceleration system for small and medium-sized businesses” task for implementation. The limitations of the implemented federal project “Acceleration of small and medium-sized businesses” are revealed: they consist in the vagueness of the formulated approach to the disclosure of the essence of the acceleration process itself. A review of Russian and foreign sources has shown that in the generalized scientific approach, the main purpose and specificity of acceleration is a complex of intensively provided services for the development, verification and scaling of projects into ready-to-invest businesses. The scientific problem lies in the presence of numerous provisions on the specifics of acceleration, but the absence of a comprehensive and consistent list of its distinctive features. The purpose of the study is to generalize, expand and classify the system of distinctive features of acceleration and the specificity of their services that are not taken into account in the federal project. The methods of analysis and synthesis, content analysis and generalization were used in the study. The information basis for the analysis included foreign (Web of Science databases) and Russian (RSCI database) publications over the past 10 years, relevant domestic regulatory and legal documents. As a result, the existing varieties of accelerators are systematized according to the following parameters: the economic goal to be solved, sources of financing, target audience and their stage of development. The system of distinctive signs of acceleration is generalized, expanded and classified. The novelty of this approach lies in the development of the missing extended list of distinctive features of acceleration. They are classified according to the criteria of specificity and frequency of occurrence, taking into account their representation in strategic legislation. The scientific and practical significance lies in the opportunity to better understand the meaning of acceleration services, its advantages, limitations, and contribute to solving the problem of the complexity of the implementation of acceleration services in the federal project. The continuation of the study will focus on empirical verification of the actual presence and prevalence of classified features in Russian accelerators. It also requires a subsequent assessment of the contribution of acceleration services to the support system of business structures. 10.18721/JE.15205 65.016.2 business acceleration service accelerator support infrastructure entrepreneur content analysis federal project https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.5/ 05_CHernavskih%2CGolovina.pdf

RAR RUS 89-101 Artakhov Anton Classification and systematization of approaches to the definition of technology entrepreneurship Technology entrepreneurship (technopreneurship) is a source of economic development that requires theoretical comprehension to form a unity of understanding. Based on the analysis of the literature, the historical development of the definition is shown and functional approaches are classified: organizational, investment-project, innovative, digital, technocratic. All approaches are the development of the “pioneer” concept of J. Schumpeter, to whom one can even ascribe the first definition of technology entrepreneurship, although he did not use such a term. Following the Schumpeterian logic, the organizational approach is what can be called the function of an entrepreneur by a combination of things and forces, including collective work. The addition of an investment component is a kind of modern perception of credit for the creation of novelties. The innovative aspect is the conjunction of the functions of an entrepreneur and an inventor. Technocratism is an emphasis on untested technological capabilities, while digitalization is a new reading of the reform and revolutionizing of production. The emergence of other approaches is assumed: institutional (the same foundation of institutions and technologies), cultural (introduction of technologies provides a cultural shift) and biological (natural dependence of entrepreneurial qualities). Within the framework of the technocratic approach, three kinds of entrepreneurship are distinguished: technocentripetal – the sale of its own technologies; technocentrifugal – the sale of products manufactured using its own technology; and technomix – the sale of both technology and products. Systematization of approaches made it possible to construct a scheme and identify the elements of technology entrepreneurship, designated as “6I”: idea, invention or imitation, interaction, investment, informatization, income-generation. The mechanism of its functioning includes two stages. An entrepreneurial idea (project) consists in turning a new or adopted technology into a product, and then into value through the sale of the technology itself or the goods or services in which it is embodied. This occurs during the joint work, including the future consumer, investment and digitalization at both stages. The different proportions of participation of these six elements forms the uniqueness of each business and the value it creates. Thus, technocentripetal, technocentrifugal and technomix differ in the specifics of generating income from the technology. The scheme confirms the viability of all definitions involved in the classification and touching on one or more elements of technology entrepreneurship. The scheme and classification will be useful for the authors to choose their point of view on this topic. 10.18721/JE.15206 330.117 technology entrepreneurship technology economics innovation technopreneur startup https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.6/ 06_Artahov.pdf

RAR RUS 102-116 Pletnev Dmitriy pletnev@csu.ru Nikolaeva Ekaterina Kozlova Elena Real strategies of russian companies and their financial results In today’s rapidly changing world, Russian companies inevitably face the choice of a development trajectory. The rupture of economic relations with the West, changing national priorities, economic instability requires Russian companies to develop new strategies and refine them taking into account the changed economic conditions. In the current conditions, flexibility in decision-making, development and implementation of strategies is more important than ever. The issue of choosing a variant of strategic development and positioning seems to be important. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of various types of Russian companies’ strategies based on the identification and comparison of officially declared strategies and those actually implemented in practice. Based on the analysis of public information about the strategies announced by the largest Russian companies, their typology was carried out. This typology formed the basis for a survey of company employees to identify the type of strategy implemented by the company. It was found that the declared and implemented strategies of companies do not always coincide. In 16 out of 39 companies, these strategies differ. In addition, the hypothesis was tested about the greater or lesser efficiency of companies with different types of strategies and about the impact of compliance with the declared and implemented strategy on the results of companies’ activities. The analysis is based on the typology of strategies developed by the authors, depending on the nature of planning, reflection of business processes, as well as the type of external environment. The analysis allowed us to conclude that companies with an ideological type of strategy (both declared and real) are relatively more effective. Moreover, companies with such an implemented strategy as “formation” demonstrated higher efficiency. The results obtained made it possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of various types of strategies, as well as how companies follow the stated strategy in their activities and how this is reflected in their performance indicators. 10.18721/JE.15207 658.1 strategy typology of strategies company efficiency strategic planning https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.7/ 07_Pletnev%2C-Nikolaeva%2C-Kozlova.pdf

RAR RUS 117-129 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Leventsov Valerii vleventsov@spbstu.ru Economic-mathematical model of the relational strategy of an industrial enterprise Recently, the terms of “relation” and “relational” have been used in various fields of scientific and practical activity. The article describes the interpretations of the terms of “relation” and “relational” in historical and modern meanings. It is important to understand the relational strategy of an enterprise as a strategy characterized by increased detail of dependencies, relationships and links. In fact, a relational strategy is not just a description of a set of actions, it is a digital modeling of an enterprise’s strategy in the conditions of given resources, constraints, goals. To implement the targets of these components, it is necessary to coordinate business processes, both within the company and with external market participants. In fact, this means that the methods of competition should be based on a high level of intra- and inter-company relations, which can be associated with relational mechanisms. A relational strategy focused on a set of goals means using as an integral indicator of the evaluation of strategy options that take into account the consequences of relationships and influences, and not only the implemented activities, but, most importantly, the affected participants. The use of the terms of “relation” and “relational” allows us to emphasize the transition to a higher level of research, description, management. They may be based on a more detailed consideration of relations, orientation to a more significant level of achievements, involvement of more informative computer resources. The practice of using these terms has illustrated its usefulness in various fields of scientific and research activity: philosophy, mathematics, computer science, management, law. To describe the relational strategy, the authors provide an economic-mathematical model that takes into account the relationships of a variety of activities included in the enterprise strategy. The authors base the model on the assumption that each of the parties to the agreement should strive to maximize their own income and minimize their own risk. Moreover, with a relational contract, the actors jointly solve this problem. Relational strategy includes a system of detailed relationships and their consequences, formalized in the form of mathematical and logical dependencies. A change in one of the activities automatically entails an adjustment of the entire system of related actions. The complexity of building a relational strategy is caused, among other things, by the fact that the totality of the measures under consideration is regarded not as an independent one, but as an addition to the results of the functioning of the enterprise. 10.18721/JE.15208 334.02 relational relational strategy relationships contract contract mathematical model https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.8/ 08_Gluhov%2C-Leventsov.pdf

RAR RUS 130-147 Gayomey John Zaytsev Andrey Development of high-frequency volatility estimators in pricing and trading stock options Asset return volatility plays a key role in derivative pricing and hedging, risk management and portfolio allocation decisions. This study examined the economic benefit of high-frequency volatility estimators (measures realized) in option pricing and trading. We evaluated the forecasting ability of high-frequency volatility estimators based on the profits that option dealers would derive from trading on the basis of alternative high-frequency volatility forecasts. To this end, we traded European call and put options on Bank of America, Coca-Cola and Microsoft stocks for a period of 24 trading days using high-frequency volatility-based option trading strategies. The study results show that the realized kernel estimators for Bank of America stock options were the only volatility estimators that earned a positive profit from trading (a profit of $20.42 per option over a period of 24 trading days). For Coca-Cola stock options, the best volatility estimator turned out to be the two-time scale covariance estimator. It earned a total profit of $26.88 per option during the same period. For Microsoft stock options, the preferred volatility estimator was the Range-based realized variance estimator. It outperformed all the other competing estimators with a total profit of $54.07 per option which was significantly greater than the profits of the other estimators. It was concluded that high-frequency volatility forecasts by the realized kernel, two-time scale realized variance and realized range-based variance estimators yield accurate volatility forecasts and are very useful in pricing and trading Bank of America, Coca-Cola and Microsoft stock options, respectively. 10.18721/JE.15209 519.862 Volatility realized volatility realized measures high-frequency volatility forecast HAR model Black-Scholes-Merton model option trading strategies https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2022.94.9/ 09_Gayomey%2C-Zaytsev.pdf