π-Economy

REV RUS 7-28 57190134394 Novosibirsk State University Lychagin Mikhail lychagin@nsu.ru

1, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

Lychagin Anton anton@lychagin.ru Ecosystems in scientific literature on business and economics from the perspective of multidimensional bibliometric analysis Analysis of publications indexed in the Scopus system showed rapid growth of works with the term “ecosystem” in the title. The role of bibliometrics as a tool for identifying and analyzing research trends is increasing constantly. A study of the available publications on the ecosystem approach in various electronic resources shows that the scientific task of systematizing their topics, more fully taking into account internal and external interdisciplinary relationships, various aspects of research and identifying significant trends is becoming more and more urgent. The purpose of the study is to assess the degree and aggregated dynamics of the ecosystem approach in publications indexed in EconLit and Scopus (on business and economics), highlighting the main research trends and examples of notable works. The method of multidimensional bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on business and economics acts as a tool. It includes a general scheme based on the model of N-Tuple of Helices, an interrelated presentation of options for the analysis of publication activity, terminological and lexical analysis and structural-morphological analysis based on the most authoritative subject classifications JEL and ASJC, and the use of programs such as VOSviewer. Analysis of publications showed that since the end of the XX century there had been significant quantitative and structural changes in the composition of ecosystem studies. Every year various aspects get increasingly interweaved, both within the areas of “Business” and “Economics”, and through the ties with other areas of knowledge. The experience showed that the proposed version of bibliometric analysis expands the framework of understanding both the ecosystem approach in the scientific literature on business and economics, and on a number of other pressing problems. At the same time, we should not render the possibilities of bibliometric analysis absolute, just like with any method involving statistical processing of data arrays ever growing due to digitalization processes. The directions for further research include the expansion of econometrics for processing time series with the number of publications, the use of several complementary options for morphological analysis, the involvement of other databases (SSRN, Elibrary) and some others. 10.18721/JE.14601 330 ecosystem business economics digital bibliometric analysis new research https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.1/ 01_Lichagin%2C-Lichagin.pdf

RAR RUS 29-39 Nasyrovа Svetlana Basic provisions of the functioning of a human-oriented economy in the categories of a universal scheme of interaction Nowadays, human is becoming the central link in numerous studies and occupies a key role in them. Economics is no exception. The modern reality is such that the issue of considering a human-oriented economy is being actualized. In this article, the author attempts to analyze this economy as a system object with its interacting elements. The representation of a human-centered economy in this context makes it possible to form a holistic interpretation of the phenomenon under study. The purpose of this study is to build a universal scheme for the interaction of elements in a human-oriented economy through understanding it as a system object. The research methodology is based on the application of the highly productive categorical method “Universal scheme of interaction”. As a result, human-centered economy is presented as a system object. Comprehensive universal scheme for the interaction of elements within the framework of this economic system is constructed with the allocation of: an energy source (the needs of an organism as a biological being, the needs for material goods, the needs for services, the needs for social interaction, the needs for information, the needs for digital products, the needs for ideas, the needs in new knowledge); interacting resources (human, material, informational resources); the process of interaction in the relevant areas of activity (natural sphere, material sphere, service sphere, social sphere, infosphere, digital sphere, creatosphere, cognitive sphere); the result of this interaction (goods, services, ideas); the final effect (satisfaction of needs) and the object formation (formation and functioning of a human-oriented economy). The predominant flows in the process of satisfying diverse needs in a human-centered economy are highlighted. The central place of human in this economic system is confirmed and the key role of the creatosphere and the cognitive sphere in the formation, functioning and development of a human-oriented economy is proved. Promising research directions are the following: assessment of the level of development of a human-centered economy and the development of directions of controlling influence on individual elements and the economic system as a whole. 10.18721/JE.14602 330.46, 332.012.2 human-centered economy universal scheme of interaction economic system human needs https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.2/ 02_Nasirova.pdf

RAR RUS 40-52 57212400451 0000-0002-9226-9829 Russian state academy of intellectual property Ustinova Liliya Arakelova Aleksandra Human resource management technologies based on a digital approach The development of human capital at the state and regional levels, as well as the implementation of programs for the development of human resources of enterprises, allows us to solve the strategic task of innovative and sustainable development of the country. The introduction of innovative management methods is a key factor in the sustainable and competitive operation of enterprises. The article emphasizes that the most effective use of human capital in the conditions of digital transformation is possible only when forming a strategy for continuous professional growth of personnel based on the use of new technologies and programs. The need to increase knowledge for staff in the field of digital technologies was noted. The task is to increase the activity of the organization and the efficiency of its work on the basis of creating a reliable digital infrastructure and increasing the level of knowledge. Smart manufacturing involves highly skilled workers who know practical and information technologies and operate at a completely new level. Industry 4.0 connects systemic industrial technology and smart manufacturing processes, in which business models and the entire industry will be radically transformed. Technological leadership and excellence in the automation and software industry based on embedded systems and strong industrial networks will lay the foundations for the success of the Industry 4.0 project. The transition of production to Industry 4.0 technologies requires staff training for new requirements, since employees will face different challenges. Staff will be able to adapt to the changes better. Human resource qualifications are important indicators of economic development within Industry 4.0. 10.18721/JE.14603 330 human resources organization’s digital environment digital communications talent identification knowledge transfer interactive digital technologies digital university https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.3/ 03_Ustinova%2C-Arakelova.pdf

RAR RUS 53-66 Nikolaev Mikhail fef-sp.ucoz.ru Makhotaeva Marina makhotaeva@mail.ru Factors of sustainable development of non-urbanized territories Non-urbanized territories cover most of the Russian Federation territory and perform such important national economic functions as maintaining the ecological balance, ensuring food security, as well as resource support for the development of economic sectors. At the same time, the municipalities of these territories face a whole range of problems, the most important of which is to ensure sustainable development. The problems of non-urbanized territories have a negative impact on the dynamics of the country’s socio-economic development, predetermine the uneven socio-economic state of the regions and a significant differentiation in the life quality of the population. At the same time, at present, issues of sustainable development come to the fore both at the state level and for individual territories. The aim of the work is to analyze the factors of sustainable development of non-urbanized territories. As the studies have shown, a significant lag in the life quality in rural areas from large cities determines the low attractiveness of non-urbanized territories for the professional implementation of young specialists. Rural areas remain attractive mainly for the population over the working age. In these conditions, the migration outflow of the working-age population and, above all, of young people, is the main problem of sustainable development of non-urbanized territories. At the same time, low level of infrastructure development, insufficient supply of jobs for highly qualified specialists are among the main factors that determine the young people migration from non-urbanized territories. The most intensive migration outflow is typical for young women, which is largely due to the “washing out” of female jobs resulting from the social sphere optimization in rural areas. In this regard, the development of rural areas by means of creating of conditions to realize the young people potential is an important national economic task. As a source of information, the work used the database of indicators of municipalities presented on the Rosstat website. Correlation-regression analysis was used to identify migration factors. 10.18721/JE.14604 332.142 non-urbanized territories migration outflow youth migration sustainable development push factors pull factors economic factors of migration https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.4/ 04_Nikolaev%2C-Mahotaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 67-77 Kvasha Nadezhda nadia_kvasha@rambler.ru Bondar' Elena Distributed and digital energy as innovative elements of the fourth energy transition A narrow view of the modern energy transition as a process of displacing fossil fuels by untraditional energy sources (UES) is the main reason for the de facto prioritization of the inertial scenario of the energy industry functioning. Ignoring energy transition processes leads to long-term negative consequences, including missed opportunities that open during the transition to new innovative models of energy systems. The aim of the study is to identify the main elements of the fourth energy transition, which determine effective innovative directions for the development of energy systems at various levels expanding the definition of “energy transition”. The set of theoretical and methodological research approaches (general provisions of economic theory, market theory, investment, special approaches in the field of theory and methodology of energy efficiency, sustainable development, green economy, externalities theory, innovation management methodology, including in the field of digitalization) is due to the basing on the concept of the Energy Trilemma. It is shown that a distinctive feature of the fourth energy transition is the supporting role of the digitalization element associated with digital and smart control and flexible construction of networks. The development of a digital element in this direction determines the possibility of forming a power system on innovative distributed principles. Development of the digital basis distributed energy results in diversification of energy resources by expanding the possibilities of using UES, as well as secondary energy sources. In addition, it ensures the possibility of independent operation of the energy system if necessary and demonopolizes domestic energy markets. This leads to a decrease in consumer costs, providing both their direct efficiency and the multiplier effect for higher-level economies. Based on the thesis about the decisive role of the elements of decentralization and digitalization in modern transition processes, the paper substantiates the need to shift the focus of research to the development of measures to reform the Russian energy system, taking into account the introduction of innovations in the field of distributed and digital energy. It has been suggested that the development of distributed energy in Russia based on innovative digital principles can become a platform for a smooth energy transition, which makes it possible to realize the opportunities it generates, as well as optimally neutralize the emerging threats. 10.18721/JE.14605 338.012 energy transition; energy efficiency; innovative elements; distributed energy untraditional energy sources digital technologies smart energy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.5/ 05_Kvasha%2C-Bondar.pdf

RAR RUS 78-88 V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Loshakov Andrey Ways to improve enterprise economic security in the conditions of digital transformation Digital transformation is the process of transition to a digital economy implemented by both economic sectors and individual enterprises in order to gain competitive advantages. Although digital transformation brings about new opportunities to improve the efficiency of enterprise security, it also leads to the emergence of new security threats. The main stages of the enterprise’s economic security system are considered (collection and analysis of information; development, selection and implementation of security measures, control and improvement of the security system), threats to the economic security of the enterprise are listed. Security threats, differing in the degree of formation and consequences of exposure are identified and analyzed. The problems arising in countering these threats have been studied. Within the framework of digital transformation, it is proposed to create and implement information technologies resistant to cyber threats, as well as develop mechanisms for detecting and preventing threats with the elimination of the consequences of their manifestation. The conclusions show that it is necessary to integrate the enterprise security system into the structure of the enterprise itself by building an integrated system for collecting, transmitting and analyzing enterprise performance indicators, dynamics of internal and external threats, market situation, etc. through digital channels in order to use this information to increase the level of economic security of the enterprise. Economic security is most effective in the digital transformation of the entire enterprise, and not just the economic security system of the enterprise. In order to increase its effectiveness in minimizing (eliminating) threats, priority directions for improving the economic security system of the enterprise have been identified. They include taking into account specific factors of the organization’s activity, active use of preventive measures, coordination of the activities of the security service and law enforcement agencies, calculation of the economic feasibility (effectiveness) of countering challenges and threats, professional security audit, economic analysis of the implementation of digital projects in the field of economic security. 10.18721/JE.14606 338.28 угроза противодействие система экономической безопасности направления совершенствования повышение эффективности цифровая трансформация https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.6/ 06_Babkin%2C-Loshakov.pdf

RAR RUS 89-101 Milekhina Ol'ga olga.milekhina@gmail.com Systemometric approach to management: development of the mathematical model of the personnel structure Business recovery after COVID-19 and its future activities depend on the implementation of the personnel management policy. To achieve the best results in this direction, automated personnel management systems (HRM systems) have been developed that support the HR processes of selection, adaptation, assessment, training and certification of personnel, payroll accounting, personnel records, labor protection, updating KPI systems, talent pool and conduct HR analytics. It is shown that HRM systems are focused on solving two classes of tasks: the implementation of accounting and settlement functions and HR record keeping (supporting the execution of routine HR processes), as well as improving the efficiency of HR processes (should provide intelligent HR processes of a strategic nature). Working with these systems allows specialists to acquire the practice of HR data management and qualitatively improve HR processes. At the same time, they need to be provided with high-quality feedback (especially in terms of employee engagement and motivation) in the talent management process. The absence of this information reduces the accuracy of HR analytics, the results of which are the basis for making long-term management decisions. Advances in systems research can improve the solution of HR problems. Quantitative (metric) results allow you to give answers to important questions that have not previously had a solution. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model for differentiating employee remuneration based on the Pareto distribution power-law: a systemic metric of enterprise integrity. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model of the personnel structure was developed on the basis of the Pareto distribution, which made it possible to introduce an objective characteristic of the quality of management: the integral coefficient of the use of the personnel potential of the enterprise. Its application allows you to support the processes of transition to modern salary systems, develop professional and digital competencies of personnel management services and ensure long-term successful operation of the enterprise based on the implementation of an effective personnel management policy. 10.18721/JE.14607 005, 330.4 mathematical model of personnel structure Pareto distribution hyperbolic ladder human resource utilization rate successful personnel management policy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.7/ 07_Milehina.pdf

RAR RUS 102-116 Grishunin Sergei sg279sg279@gmail.com Pishchalkina Ilona Suloeva Svetlana suloeva_sb@mail.ru Assessing cyber risks in the internet of things projects The Internet of Things (IoT) opens up vast opportunities for innovation, ranging from industrial enterprises to healthcare and consumers. However, the development of Internet of Things projects creates significant risks for developers and users. The number and frequency of IoT attacks is increasing, while the direct and indirect damage are on the rise. Thus, one infected device can make the entire ecosystem of a company vulnerable to attacks with potential failures: from violating the privacy of individual users to a massive failure of public systems and a threat to people’s lives. The relevance of the article is explained by the increase in the number of cyber attacks, the speed of the emergence of new threats and the increase in damage from attacks. Therefore, the article examines the decrease in the effectiveness of the existing mechanisms for assessing cyber risks and fills the gaps in research in this area. The authors developed Cyber ROI indicator (CyROI), which allows reflecting cyber risks and measuring the effectiveness of investments in the development of the Internet of Things, taking into account cybercrime and related control measures. Next, an approach to cyber risk assessment for Internet of Things (IoT) projects was formed, based on the principles of risk controlling and including the stages of risk identification, risk tree modeling, risk assessment and analysis of results. In addition to the formation of the approach itself, a structural and logical scheme for assessing cyber risks was presented with its tools described. Unlike analogues, the developed approach provides a holistic approach to the assessment of cyber risks; it allows integrating and coordinating all related actions and tools, simulating the confidence interval of possible return on investment, and shows the chances to go beyond risk appetite and risk tolerance. The proposed approach makes the assessment of cyber risks dynamic, iterative, responsive to changes in the cyber environment. Moreover, this approach has significant scientific and practical application. Compared to existing approaches, the author’s approach to cyber risk assessment has more flexibility, takes into account correlations between risks, allows you to assess the impact of each risk factor on CyROI and calculate a large number of scenarios. 10.18721/JE.14608 338.27 internet of things cyber risks cybersecurity risk controlling https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.8/ 08_Grishunin%2C-Pishchalkina%2C-Suloeva.pdf

RAR RUS 117-133 Dolgova Olga Kryukov Sergey Simulation of business processes of service support of acquiring products in the AnyLogic software environment Simulation modeling is one of the most popular and rapidly developing areas of creating models of socio-economic systems. In recent years, simulation has received a “second wind” with the emergence of new software products that have a number of new advantages, such as user-friendly interface, animation, interactive mode, the use of several different approaches to simulation within one model. The purpose of the study was to test the possibility and feasibility of using the AnyLogic software product to simulate business processes of a banking institution. The study used simulation methods based on the principles of system dynamics, discrete-event and agent-based approaches. Two models were developed in the AnyLogic software environment. The first model of the activity of the department for service support of acquiring products of a bank branch was developed on the basis of the complex use of methods of discrete-event and agent-based approaches. The second model of business processes for managing the merchant acquiring of a banking institution is based on the methods of system dynamics. Both models were tested on the materials of the activities of Sberbank’s divisions. The developed models are universal and can be adapted for analyzing business processes in any banking institution. The study showed the possibilities and advantages of using simulation modeling to analyze and improve business processes in a banking institution. An additional positive effect in the course of simulation was obtained as a result of using the unique capabilities of the AnyLogic software environment, which makes it possible to use methods based on system dynamics, discrete-event and agent-based approaches in different combinations within one model. Areas of further research: creation of complex simulation models for the higher, middle and lower levels of management of a banking institution; expanding and deepening the structure of the developed models with the addition of new types of transactions, for example, currency transactions, opening a deposit, money transfers, etc.; improving the model interface and adding new data visualization tools. 10.18721/JE.14609 519.872.2 simulation business process modeling queuing system acquiring Anylogic https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.92.9/ 09_Dolgova%2C-Kryukov.pdf