2782-6015 14 4 2021 1-133

RAR RUS 7-19 Beliatskaya Tat'iana beltan@tut.by Feschenko Svetlana feschenko@bsuir.by Digital traceability: concept and directions of development The relevance of the study is due to the influence of world integration processes on national economies. Significant positive effects are associated with the simplification of the rules for doing business (removal of customs, legal and other restrictions), an increase in the capacity and size of sales markets, the spread of advanced technologies, and increased competition. Despite the significant advantages of integration, states inevitably face serious challenges. One of these challenges is counterfeit products, legalized or participating in the shadow trade. The lack of a customs border between the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union enables unhindered movement of counterfeit products, which leads to a drop in tax revenues to the national budget, a narrowing of legal markets, a decrease in the level of competition and product quality. Digital traceability of goods in transit is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of counterfeit products. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the feasibility of forming a digital traceability infrastructure at the state and interstate levels in the context of forming a single information space. To achieve this goal, the article analyzes the concepts of “traceability” and “traceability system” as key elements of digitalization of flows in supply chains. The analysis is carried out on the basis of international (ISO 8402), interstate and state (Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated December 29, 2020 No. 496, “On the traceability of goods”, STB ISO 9000, STB 2197, STB ISO 22000, STB ISO 22005, GOST R 58636, GOST R 57881, GOST R ISO 22005) regulatory legal acts. The authors indicated the goals of implementing digital traceability, which include combating counterfeit products, and providing up-to-date information to traceability partners and end users. The paper considers the regulatory documents governing digital traceability and digital marking systems on the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Republic of Belarus. The results also present the effects of the introduction of digital traceability and digital marking systems at the state, business and consumer levels. 10.18721/JE.14401 338 digital traceability digital traceability system digital marking digital marking system supply chain https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.1/ 01_Belyatskaya_Feshchenko.pdf

RAR RUS 20-36 57200260200 0000-0002-6042-2657 State University of Management Pisareva Ol'ga o.m.pisareva@gmail.com Alexeev Vyacheslav vaalexeev@gmail.com Mednikov Dmitry dn_mednikov@guu.ru Starikovsky Andrey av_starikovskiy@guu.ru Characteristics of vulnerability zones and threats sources for information security by the operation of unmanned vehicles in an intelligent transport system The full-scale deployment of intelligent transport systems with automated vehicles and associated road infrastructure in urbanized spaces opens up additional prospects for increasing the efficiency of the transportation industry. However, it also leads to the emergence of additional sources of threats, risks and areas of vulnerability of such systems. The range of various kinds of threats disrupting the normal functioning of connected and automated vehicles (CAV) is expanding. It includes the impact of the interaction between all road users and elements of the road infrastructure on the channels of information within the framework of the intelligent transport system (ITS). There is a growing need for further improvement of the norms and requirements of legal and technical regulation of CAV production and operation. It means an expansion of the field and tasks of testing the safety of public, personal, commercial and special automobile vehicles, including through the verification of information security during the validation and verification of both CAV and ITS components. The authors employed a systematic approach using methods of content, logical and comparative analysis in the research. The paper clarifies the subject area of the study, characterizes the state of national regulators’ requirements for ensuring information security of connected and automated vehicles, and considers methodological approaches to testing information security of automated road traffic within the framework of intelligent transport systems. The authors present a conceptual approach to the identification of a complex model of threats to information security of the technological platform of information interaction “unmanned vehicle-road infrastructure”. The study was based on the analysis of security requirements for unmanned vehicles and clarification of concepts in the field of information security for the operation of CAV and the functioning of ITS in the transition to mobile communications of the 5G generation. The main results of the research include the composition of typical zones of vulnerabilities and potential attacks; characteristics of the spectrum of the main threats; classification of the main agents of information security threats in the CAV architecture and ITS infrastructure. The applied value of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the presented model of CAV information security threats in the development of methodological approaches and analytical tools for organizing and testing various types of deliberate violations of communication channels of individual CAV devices, a group of autonomous vehicles and a separate CAV with ITS in the framework of laboratory experiments and field tests. After the regulatory requirements are formalized in the national CAV information security standard, a possible direction for further research may be the development of technological and economic models for testing information security within the framework of ITS for the national certification system CAV of various types. 10.18721/JE.14402 338.47:330.47:656.13:004.056 digital technologies information security unmanned vehicles test site intelligent transportation system https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.2/ 02_Pisareva%2C-Alekseev%2C-Mednikov%2C-Starikovskiy.pdf

RAR RUS 37-48 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Yakovlev Andrey yakovlev_aa@spbstu.ru Livintsova Maria livintsova@hotmail.ru Kucheryavy Evgeny evgeny.kucheryavy@tuni.fi New issues of the quality management and its certification In the paper, on the example of features of Transneft Druzhba, JSC the issues of sufficiency of certification of an organisation’s quality management system for compliance with the requirements of “ISO 9001: for the provision of services” were considered. It is shown that the organisation’s quality management system certificated for compliance with ISO 9001 requirements does not guarantee consumers the quality of goods (or services) declared by the organisation, and the adopted system of certification of the quality management system undermines trust in the international quality certification institute. The purpose of the study was to prove that, to control the quality of the subject’s work, an adequate understanding of its structure, kinematics and additional features that allow organisation to extract unrecorded financial benefits is required. With outside control, controllers usually pay attention only to the subject of the verification itself, overlooking the fact that it belongs to a larger system that encompasses it, and its participation in a single process of forming the final product. Therefore, when verifying the implementation of ISO 9000 standards, they are usually shown only those areas of the organisation that can pass the quality inspection and do not disclose the existing links between sequential processes. Thereby they exclude the existing transaction costs from consideration (in particular, the costs associated with the need to implement input control at least based on the use of statistical methods). To confirm the initial hypothesis, the paper used methods of scientific abstraction and functional analysis. As a result of the research, the following statements are confirmed. Quality management and knowledge management issues have the complementary nature. The object is independent of knowledge and existed before its appearance. On the contrary, the subject of knowledge forms knowledge itself. “Including” an object in its activity, the subject considers it from the sides he is interested in, which become the “representative” of the entire multilateral facility, forgetting that the object of knowledge is a product of his cognitive activity, subjected to specific laws that do not coincide with the laws of the object itself. It is further proposed to present a model of certification of the quality management system, in which the existing shortcomings will be eliminated. 10.18721/JE.14403 658.56 quality quality management quality management certification iso 9001 knowledge of the subject of study knowledge management falsification https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.3/ 03_Gluhov%2C-Yakovlev%2C-Livintsova%2C-Kucheryaviy.pdf

RAR RUS 49-66 Sleptsova Iuliia julia_sleptsova@mail.ru 57190411892 0000-0001-5866-3390 Central Economics and Mathemaytics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Kachalov Roman kachalov@cemi.rssi.ru Specifics of enterprise risk management at digital business-ecosystems This paper discusses new forms of digital interaction of economic agents – manufacturing enterprises, non-profit organizations, public authorities and consumers within the framework of business ecosystems based on digital multilateral platforms, the so-called digital business ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the methodological problems of identifying local and global risk factors caused by changes in consumer preferences and environmental characteristics, and the impact of identified risk factors on the company’s activities when it joins the digital business ecosystem. In the study of the risk phenomenon, we employed the methodology and applied tools of the operational theory of risk management, system economic theory and the theory of socio-economic ecosystems based on digital multilateral platforms as networks of a special kind. It is proved that socio-economic ecosystems, business ecosystems in particular, based on digital multilateral platforms can be considered as fundamentally new socio-technological institutions. We formulated a hypothesis about the existence of several levels of risk management within the digital ecosystem and the emergence of a new tool, user control, in risk management. It is shown that risk management in modern business ecosystems is closely related to the values of a new generation of consumers: safe environment, preservation of biodiversity, social responsibility of enterprises to society, improving the quality of corporate governance, and the so-called ESG-concept (E – Environmental, S – Society, G – Governance). The conducted research may be interesting for enterprises and organizations to use the proposed tools when choosing a strategy for joining the digital business ecosystem. 10.18721/JE.14404 334.78 economic risk phenomenon digital business-ecosystems digital multilateral platforms socio-technological institutions ESG-concept https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.4/ 04_Sleptsova%2C-Kachalov.pdf

RAR RUS 67-81 Necheukhina Nadezhda nnecheuhina@yandex.ru Mustafina Ol'ga V. ovm.70@mail.ru Pryadilina Natalia. pryadilinank@m.usfeu.ru Financial management as a tool for managing the income and expenditure of the enterprise This article presents the results of scientific research on the development of the theory and methodology of financial management in the field of management accounting and analysis of income and expenses of service and trade enterprises. Currently, popularization and implementation of management accounting and analysis in the management system of enterprises are in progress in Russia. At the same time, there is an intensive development of the methodology of management accounting and analysis. This determines the range of various problematic aspects of the theory and practice of accounting and analytical support, which is closely related to the understanding of management accounting and analysis in the management system. Service and trade enterprises are the main segments of the Russian consumer market. Their main purpose is to meet the needs of the population of the territories. Management of income and expenses of service and trade enterprises is a rather complex process, which is due to the industry specificity. The relevance of the study is due to the practical need for management as a management tool in service and trade enterprises. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and develop a scientific position of the evolution of the theory and methodology of management accounting and analysis of income and expenses in the financial management of service and trade enterprises. In the course of the study, the following tasks were set and implemented: firstly, the sectorial features of income and expenses at enterprises in the service and trade sectors have been investigated; secondly, the content and relationship of management accounting and analysis in the enterprise management system has been studied; thirdly, a scientific point of view of the genesis of the theory and methodology of management accounting and analysis of income and expenses in service and trade enterprises has been developed. The object of the research is the accounting and economic categories of income and expenses of enterprises in the service and trade sectors. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was formed by the scientific provisions of domestic and foreign scientists on the management of income and expenses of enterprises. The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of a substantiated point of view of the development of theory and methodology for the application of tools for managing income and expenses of service and trade enterprises. 10.18721/JE.14405 657.312 financial management management accounting management analysis income expenses service and trade enterprises accounting and analytical support system trade enterprise management integrated reporting https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.5/ 05_Necheuhina%2C-Mustafina%2C-Pryadilina.pdf

RAR RUS 82-94 V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Malevskaya-Malevich Ekaterina Impact of socially responsible investment on the value of innovatively active industrial enterprises The term socially responsible investing (SRI) is now commonly used by both institutional and private investors around the world. Socially responsible investment means investing capital not only for the purpose of generating a return on invested capital, but also for achieving positive social and environmental impact. Against the background of an increase in the number of man-made environmental disasters, the trend of socially responsible investment began to threaten the economic efficiency of innovatively active industrial enterprises, the type of activity of which is traditionally accompanied by increased natural and environmental risks. The adherents of the SRI concept choose companies with good ESG ratings regardless of their financial statements, which has the opposite effect for “dirty” industries and causes a drop in their market value. The article analyzes the impact of SRI on the cost of innovatively active industrial enterprises in the mining and oil and gas sectors of Russia. Based on a comparative analysis of indicators of “green” and comparable classical instruments of the stock market in Russia and abroad, it was revealed that the securities of enterprises with high ESG ratings have increased investment attractiveness among socially responsible investors, the number of which is constantly growing. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors revealed that for innovatively active industrial enterprises, taking into account SRI trends is most relevant, since it creates challenges simultaneously with new development prospects. The article defines the concept of a “green” premium or discount in relation to the cost of capital of innovatively active industrial enterprises, and provides a methodology for assessing the “green” premium. The authors substantiate that, due to the increased interest of socially responsible investors, the size of the “green” premium may exceed the costs on the “greenness” of companies, thereby creating a positive added “green” value. A model of the cost of an innovative-active industrial enterprise is formulated, taking into account the “green” award. It is substantiated that the value of companies with high ESG criteria is growing at an outstripping pace, despite the growth in costs for meeting these criteria. 10.18721/JE.14406 338.121 Greenium Socially Responsible Investing ESG Criteria Company Value Innovative Industrial Enterprises https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.6/ 06_Babkina%2C-Malevskaya-Malevich.pdf

RAR RUS 95-109 57204940832 0000-0002-9593-5129 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev» Tronina Irina irina-tronina@yandex.ru Tatenko Galina galinatatenko@yandex.ru Bakhtina Svetlana essvetic@ya.ru Transformation of the university model as an element of the regional innovation system At present, the question of the key directions of transformation of the university model is quite acute. First, it helps to rethink the relationship between all participants in the innovation process in the format of a civilizational transition to new forms of cooperation and partnership. Secondly, it complements the existing models with an emphasis on the quality of life, happiness, and changes in the urban and regional environment. Thirdly, it improves the educational and scientific processes through the introduction of up-to-date pedagogy, educational technologies, as well as technologies of scientific research and the activation of innovative activities. The objective necessity of studying this problem in theoretical and methodological aspects confirms the relevance of the research topic of the authors’ team. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to conducting organizational diagnostics of the university as a driver of innovative development of the region for planning and implementing its transformations. Using general scientific and special methods of scientific research, the authors have studied the main approaches and models of university transformation in Russian and foreign practice. The main emphasis is placed on the possibility of transforming the university for the purpose of innovative development of the region, taking into account the concept of “smart specialization”. It is established that according to the model of the “four-link spiral of innovation”, a modern university is an active stakeholder in the innovation process. In this regard, the role of higher educational institutions in the formation of regional innovative development programs based on the principles of “smart specialization” is determined. The functions of universities as groups of “Science and Education” stakeholders at each stage of this strategic process are highlighted, which emphasizes the scientific novelty of the research. To plan and implement measures for the transformation of the university model as an element of the regional innovation system, the authors propose a method for organizational diagnostics and structuring problems as an analytical step for future transformations of the university. The directions of further research of the authors will be aimed at studying the problems of interregional cooperation of universities as stakeholders of the innovation process. 10.18721/JE.14407 378.4 (332.1):316.422 innovative development of the region university transformation model entrepreneurial search the concept of “smart specialization” four-link spiral of innovation https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.7/ 07_Tronina%2C-Tatenko%2C-Bahtina.pdf

RAR RUS 110-121 Malah Hamid hamid.malah@gmail.com Ramzani Movafagh Sara Uskov Ernest erikerni@mail.ru Paardenkooper-Suli Klara k.m.paardenkooper@hr.nl Optimal logistics planning for earthquake recovery (example of Tehran) Disaster relief logistics planning decisions can be divided into two categories: strategic decisions before the crisis, and operational decisions during and after the crisis. One of the strategic challenges in disaster relief logistics planning is the identification of the location of disaster relief warehouses and distribution relief centers, and their inventory levels for each type of relief goods. In the present post-disaster relief process, relief goods are usually provided in distribution relief centers by disaster relief warehouses. The main purpose of this paper is the determination of the required number of disaster relief warehouses and distribution relief centers for providing an optimal relief process in District-1 of Tehran. The proposed approach is based on a mathematical optimization model by considering the augmented epsilon constraint method. To ensure an optimal general solution, a robust two-objective planning model is implemented using GAMS software. The numerical results of the proposed model are provided by combining the humanitarian goal of minimizing the maximum shortage and the economic goal of minimizing relief cost under possible scenarios. To achieve these goals, Mulvey’s scenario-based stochastic programming is used to minimize the average cost of relief (economic goal), and Aghezzaf’s scenario-based stochastic programming is used to reduce the number of casualties (humanitarian goal) by maximizing the relief efficiency rate. Therefore, the best balance between humanitarian and economic goals is obtained related to the allocated relief budget. Thus, the results of this study help to decrease the costs, as well as accelerate the relief process, and subsequently minimize the casualties in disaster situations. 10.18721/JE.14408 656 disaster relief logistic planning humanitarian logistics robust two-objective planning model scenario-based optimization GAMS software augmented epsilon constraint method https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.8/ 08_Malah-Hamid%2C-Ramzani%2C-Uskov%2C-Paardenkuper-Sueli.pdf

RAR RUS 122-132 Danilov Aleksandr alexdanilov1993@gmail.com Features of applying modified model of logistic dynamics for an industrial enterprise implementing investment projects The dynamic changes in the economic environment of the 2010s – early 2020s create a demand for revising the previously adopted priorities for managing industrial enterprises, identifying new opportunities for their functioning and development. Global changes in business conditions signal the need for consistent adjustments in the production activities of Russian enterprises, in particular industrial ones, shift their goal-setting from optimizing the results of current activities to finding and forming long-term strategies. The purpose of the study is to prove the effectiveness of the modified model of logistic dynamics when calculating key indicators for the implementation of an investment project of an industrial enterprise. The article proves the effectiveness of the modified model of logistic dynamics as a tool for investment planning of an industrial enterprise. An algorithm for calculating the model of logistic dynamics is proposed. The key indicators of the model are the values of the effective investment interval, the peak values of the profitability and unprofitableness of the investment project, and the coefficients of scale, displacement and shape that form the model. The changing business environment of industrial enterprises presupposes a constant search for effective tools to ensure sustainable development: a balanced set of measures in which the use of resources and investments are aimed at achieving strategic goals. The result of the research is the constructed model of the investment activity of PJSC “Phosagro” under the “Strategy 2020” program. A study of investment planning tools for industrial enterprises shows that, in the current economic realities, it is important to orient the top management towards environmentally friendly, sustainable economic growth. There is an acute problem of taking into account the risk parameter in the modified model of logistic dynamics, which is the subject of future research. The key result of investment planning using the author’s model is, first of all, a greater awareness of the decision-maker about the real scenario for the implementation of an investment project at their enterprise. On the practical example of the investment program of PJSC “Phosagro”, it was possible to prove the effectiveness of the modified model of logistic dynamics. The high demand for effective forecasting tools for the rational implementation of sustainable development projects of both private and public organizations determined the relevance of the study. 10.18721/JE.14409 338.1 industrial enterprise investment planning financial modeling project management investment support https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.90.9/ 09_Danilov.pdf