2782-6015
π-Economy
14
3
2021
1-138
RAR
RUS
7-18
7005476276
0000-0002-8228-3109
Glukhov
Vladimir
Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University
vicerector.me@spbstu.ru
195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
Byankin
Anton
anton.byankin@yandex.ru
Burdakova
Galina
galinabu@rambler.ru
Babkin
Ivan
babkinivan@spbstu.ru
Evaluating the level and choosing a digitalization strategy of a higher education institution
The active development and application of digital tools and technologies in the economy determines the need to implement strategies for digital transformation of various economic entities. Higher education institutions, being open socio-economic systems significantly affected by the processes of digitalization in society, are no exception. Digital changes taking place in the market of educational services are radically changing approaches to the implementation of the educational process, thereby causing the need to review strategic objectives and establish priority areas for digital development. The relevance of determining the level of digital development of an educational institution is due to the need to develop strategic directions for digitalization of its activities in order to increase competitiveness. Universities that want to take a strong position in the educational services market should develop and implement appropriate strategic and tactical measures in the field of digitalization in a timely manner. The choice of digital transformation strategies should be based, inter alia, on determining the current level of digitalization and analyzing key factors in the internal environment of universities. When choosing a strategy, the determining factors are financial resources, technical and technological base, and competence in the field of digitalization. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for assessing the level of digitalization of educational activities of higher education institutions and the possible choice of digital transformation strategies based on it. The authors reviewed the experience and formalized the main directions of strategic development of universities in the field of digitalization of educational activities related to the use of educational programs in various educational services markets. The relationship between the level of digitalization of a university and the strategy of digital transformation is substantiated. The key factors and components of the internal environment that determine the choice of strategies for the development of universities are identified. The authors summarized the main indicators of evaluation and monitoring, allowing both to assess the level of digitalization of university’s activities, and to choose a specific strategy and tactics for digital transformation. The research results and recommendations developed on their basis can be used in the practice of developing and implementing strategies for digitalization of the educational process in higher education institutions.
10.18721/JE.14301
338.2
higher education institutions
strategies for digitalization of activities
level of digitalization
evaluation indicators
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.1/
01_Gluhov%2C-Byankin%2C-Burdakova%2C-Babkin.pdf
RAR
RUS
19-39
Fedorov
Alexander
Liberman
Irina
iliberman@kantiana.ru
6603786974
0000-0002-8333-3251
Koryagin
Sergey
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
SKoryagin@kantiana.ru
Klachek
Pavel
PKlachek@mail.ru
Neuro-digital ecosystem design technology for the implementation of the Industry 5.0 concept
The paper considers the basics of creating a technology for designing neuro-digital ecosystems for the implementation of the concept of Society and Industry 5.0. This scientific article opens a series of works devoted to relevant and promising problems of creating breakthrough methodological and technological approaches and tools for the fifth industrial revolution Industry 5.0. The cognitive model of industry transformation Industry 5.0 is presented. The evolution of scientific and applied research carried out by the team of authors since 1997 in the direction of artificial intelligence and digital economy is considered. The authors present the structure of neuro-digital ecosystems for the implementation of the concept of Industry 5.0, as well as a conceptual model of a digital ecosystem of production and economic systems of various types and purposes created within the framework of the concept of Industry 5.0. An instrumental environment for system-target modeling of applied problems is considered, which is part of a synergistic research environment of digital technology-decision support platform of the information and analytical center of the governor of the Kaliningrad region. A set of methods for transforming mathematical knowledge is considered, which makes it possible to create hybrid computing schemes for intelligent modeling of complex production and economic systems in industry. The use of the proposed set of methods makes it possible to organically integrate artificial intelligence methods into the fundamental analytical dependencies of two-level hybrid computing schemes, and thus create fundamentally new, highly adaptive control systems of various classes and purposes for a wide range of production and economic systems. The architecture of the software and hardware complex for instrumental design of neuro-digital ecosystems “SITAP -AI” is presented. Test approbation of the technology for designing neuro-digital ecosystems based on the “SITAP-AI” instrumental environment was carried out within the framework of the program to create an information and analytical center for the Governor of the Kaliningrad Region as part of the Federal Target Program “Electronic Russia”. With the aim of industrial testing of the technology for designing neuro-digital ecosystems, the team of authors, together with specialists from the Kia Motors Corporation, began joint work on the creation of an innovation center, as well as a technology for the synthesis of innovative developments, products and science-intensive services. The technology implies the possibility of integrating various methods and applied tools with the subsequent generation of specialized technological chains of a new generation. This allows the accumulation of advanced achievements in the field of science, basic and critical industrial technologies, providing the generation of new knowledge in inter-, multi- and transdisciplinary fields for solving complex engineering and design, and production and economic problems.
10.18721/JE.14302
351.85
digital ecosystem
production and economic systems
artificial intelligence
knowledge transformation
knowledge economy
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.2/
02_Fedorov%2C-Liberman%2C-Koryagin%2C-Klachek.pdf
RAR
RUS
40-51
Kurcheeva
Galina
kurcheeva@yandex.ru
Klochkov
Georgii
klgeorge@yandex.ru
Smart culture: problems and factors of development
The work is aimed at assessing the problems and prospects for the development of “smart culture” as a direction of “digital city” or “smart city”. The relevance of the study increases due to the adoption of the national project “Culture”, aimed at increasing the population’s attendance of cultural organizations and increasing the population’s access to digital cultural resources, primarily such as theaters, museums and others. The aim of the work is to identify problems in the development of the “smart culture” direction and to assess the factors contributing to its development by the example of assessing the indicators of the state of culture in the Siberian Federal District and Novosibirsk Oblast. The analysis and evaluation used statistical analysis of such indicators that reflect the activities of cultural organizations. In addition to the statistical analysis, unofficial information was collected, such as surveys of specialists responsible for maintaining the websites of theaters and museums in large cities. As a result of the study, the dynamics of indicators of the number of professional theaters, viewers, and the share of theaters with websites in Novosibirsk Oblast, the Siberian Federal District, and Russia are analyzed. According to the results of the survey and the analysis of specialized sites, the distribution of dates for the development of theater sites in large cities was obtained. The distribution of Russian theaters by type of activity, namely musical, dramatic, puppet, and others, has been carried out. As a result, in each federal district, the authors identified conditionally new types of theaters combining different types of activities and having lower indicators of digitalization, for example, the lack of websites. The analysis showed that despite the visits restrictions, the “smart culture” project is developing, and its relevance is only increasing. For example, all the theaters of major cities in Russia possess a website. Such measures as the development of websites and information portals that increase the accessibility of events (performances, expositions, etc.) for the population are in demand. The evaluation of the dates of the sites creation allowed us to determine the period of their creation from 2004 to 2019 for all theaters, with the exception of new forms of theatrical activity that need support in digitalization.
10.18721/JE.14303
351.85
Smart cities
smart culture
accessibility
digitalization
analysis
website
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.3/
03_Kurcheeva%2C-Klochkov.pdf
RAR
RUS
52-61
Korinnoy
Alexandr
Litvinenko
Alexander
Lanfk@mail.ru
Factors affecting the cryptocurrency's shadow component in Russia
In the conditions of large “shadow” sector of the Russian economy, special attention should be paid to possible involvement of innovative digital technologies. To study this phenomenon, the authors analyze and systematize a number of theoretical and empirical studies aimed at considering the causes and factors of cryptocurrency involvement in the shadow economy. It should be noted that in recent years, Russian leadership has proposed a list of measures aimed at legalizing cryptocurrency, some of them included in the Government Act on taxing the profits from digital currency transactions. The article reviews the factors that have the greatest impact on the cryptocurrency involvement in shadow processes. Using the expert assessments method, we can evaluate a generalized view of the phenomenon under study by identifying the subjective opinion of experts. Within the framework of the applied method, the expert community was asked to evaluate the phenomenon in conventional units and place the elements in a certain sequence. The purpose of the research is to group and study the growth factors of the shadow economy in the cryptocurrency market. The research is based on opinion of Russian law enforcement officers who have scientific and practical experience in the field under study. The scientific novelty consists in determining the factors and conditions that have the greatest impact on the involvement of cryptocurrency’s shadow component in Russia. The result of the study showed a noticeable correlation between the assessments of the two groups of experts, which may indicate the correct choice of factors for assessing the shadow component of the cryptocurrency. Further research will be aimed at determining the weight indicators of the proposed tools for countering the shadow economy in the cryptocurrency market. These indicators will characterize how the factors contribute to the growth of economic safety level in Russia.
10.18721/JE.14304
336.741.1 (045)
factor analysis
cryptocurrency
digital technologies
shadow economy
expert assessment
questionnaire
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.4/
04_Korinnoy%2C-Litvinenko.pdf
RAR
RUS
62-72
Nikolaev
Mikhail
fef-sp.ucoz.ru
Makhotaeva
Marina
makhotaeva@mail.ru
Factors of the manufacturing industry sustainability in the regions of Russia
The unsatisfactory dynamics and high level of volatility of economic processes actualize the problem of ensuring the stable development of regional systems. The economic situation in the Federation largely depends on the state of the manufacturing industry, which is the main branch of Russian regions specialization. The aim of the work is to study the sustainability of the regional economy in the face of shocks in 2014–2015. The research methodology includes an analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the sustainability of the regional economy. A comprehensive analysis of scientific literature has shown that in an unstable economy, the importance of studying the issues of economic resilience, i.e. its ability to withstand external shocks, as well as quickly recover in the post-shock period, increases. To identify the impact of external shocks on the dynamics of manufacturing industries, two periods are identified: 2012–2014 and 2016–2018. The analysis was carried out using official data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The paper studies the resistance of manufacturing industries in the regions of the Central Federal District and the Northwestern Federal District to the impact of shocks. Based on the level of resilience, the regions are divided into three groups. In the regions of the first group, the industrial production index reached the pre-crisis level; in the second group, it exceeded the pre-crisis level, and in the third one, the dynamics of manufacturing industries worsened. The analysis did not reveal any significant influence of the factors of specialization and innovative activity on the level of shock resistance. Regions with the same specialization showed significantly different levels of shock resistance. In the context of a low level of innovation and investment activity, it is difficult to draw a conclusion about any significant impact of innovation on the adaptation of regions to the post-shock economy conditions. At the same time, as the analysis has shown, most regions with higher growth rates of manufacturing industries in the post-crisis period have a positive dynamics of innovation activity. Manufacturing industries in most regions have adapted to the new economic reality. At the same time, the low level of investment and innovation activity does not allow us to conclude that adaptation was accompanied by an increase in the technological level of the industry.
10.18721/JE.14305
332.142
external shocks
manufacturing
region
resilience
shock resistance
sustainable development
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.5/
05_Nikolaev%2C-Mahotaeva.pdf
RAR
RUS
73-85
Nikolaeva
Ekaterina
Pletnev
Dmitriy
pletnev@csu.ru
Kozlova
Elena
Identification of russian corporations' strategies: markers and results
A strategy is an integral part of the corporate governance and planning process in companies. Today, in a period of high uncertainty in most markets, strategic planning allows companies to pay special attention to the most effective development directions, point out priorities, and assess the effectiveness of company management and its decisions. The study aims to assess the comparative performance of various types of corporate strategies based on identifying their types and strategy markers. The study of existing approaches to the classification of companies’ strategies made it possible to identify their advantages and disadvantages and, on this basis, propose an alternative typology of companies’ strategies. The proposed alternative typology of strategies is based on the characteristics of the corporation’s environment and its response to external stimuli, as well as the planning methods used by corporations. Seven types of corporate strategies were identified and analyzed: classic planned, classic process, classic ideological, adaptation, formation strategy, visionary, renewal strategy. Strategy markers are identified for each strategy type: indicators that allow one or another implemented strategy to be attributed to a specific type following the adopted typology. The authors empirically analyzed the data of the 40 most significant Russian corporations and studied their strategies and performance indicators concerning each of the strategy types. It was found that the classic process, which is based on a clear vision of the expected results and their process-by-process planning, is the most common strategy type among the most significant Russian corporations. Also, many corporations are implementing the classic planning strategy, which is more formal: developing plans without clearly indicating the directions and ways of their implementation. To identify the most effective type of strategy, an analysis of performance indicators (revenue and market capitalization) of corporations was carried out within the framework of individual strategies. It was found that the revenue growth of the companies surveyed over ten years (from 2010 to 2019) did not differ significantly for groups of companies with different types of strategies. However, the market capitalization growth for the period from 2010 to 2020 was different for various strategy type related groups of corporations with the indicator sometimes differing by 2.5 times. The directions of further research are: the inclusion of a larger number of companies in the analysis, addition and more detailed analysis of the results of the companies following different strategy types, international comparisons in the frequency of distribution and industry specificity of the strategies used, assessment of the impact of technological transformations and implementation of Industry 4.0 achievements on the strategies and the results of their implementation.
10.18721/JE.14306
330
strategy
corporation
strategy markers
typology of strategies
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.6/
06_Nikolaeva%2C-Pletnev%2C-Kozlova.pdf
RAR
RUS
86-101
V-1094-2019
56968223000
0000-0002-0941-6358
Babkin
Alexander
Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University
babkin@nic.spbstu.ru
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
55801324500
0000-0001-5877-9342
Merzlikina
Galina
Volgograd State Technical University
merzlikina@vstu.ru
28, Lenina Ave., Volgograd, Russia, 400005
Justification of interrelation of the innovative capital of the enterprise and smart manufacturing
Currently, radical changes are taking place in production processes, they are enriched with new concepts, management methods, characteristics. Despite the presence of a significant number of publications on smart manufacturing, there are still no generally recognized features-characteristics of it. Little attention is paid to the study of the significance and role of innovation in the organization of smart production. The most important distinguishing characteristic of smart (intelligent) production is that known production assets are transformed into smart objects, the management of which requires new management methods. Taking into account the need to form the innovativeness of any economic system (enterprise, region, country) and focus on generating income from innovative activities, we can talk about the emergence of a new concept of “innovative capital” and explore its impact on new smart production. The purpose of the study is to analyze the content and structure of innovation capital and identify the relationship, the impact of innovation and on the performance of smart (intellectual) production. Research methods. In the process of research, the provisions of the theory of economic management of an enterprise, a region, the theory of innovation management, the concept of development of smart (intellectual) production were used. Research results. The authors give the content of their definition of the concept of “innovative capital” and its structure (human, intellectual, patent, digital capital), as well as define intellectual capital (as part of innovation), patent, digital capital. The content and the most important characteristics of smart (intelligent) production are considered. A matrix of interconnection of innovative capital and smart production has been developed. It allows to systematize the characteristics of smart (intelligent) production and show the degree of “participation” of each of the components of innovative capital in the formation of these characteristics and summing up; evaluate, track, control and manage the formation of smart production with the help of innovative capital “participation”. New scientific results are: the authors’ definition of the concept of “innovative capital”, its structure (human, intellectual, patent and digital capital); new definitions of the concepts of intellectual capital (as part of innovation), patent and digital capital, a matrix of the relationship between innovation capital and smart production. The direction of further research involves the substantiation of methodological support and tools for assessing the effectiveness of the use of innovative capital in smart (intelligent) production.
10.18721/JE.14307
621.3:339.12
innovative capital
enterprise
intellectual capital
smart manufacturing
economic system
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.7/
07_Babkin%2C-Merzlikina.pdf
RAR
RUS
102-112
Stepanova
Marina.
emarina77@list.ru
Expenses of the recipient of insurance services: composition and systematization
During the period of validity of the insurance contract, during the preparation for its conclusion, the recipient of the insurance service must pay various expenses due to contractual obligations to fulfill the conditions, requirements, and requests of the insurer. Some of the costs are hidden. The insurer is not obliged to inform the recipients about charging them during the insurance coverage period. It is assumed that this follows from the very nature of the obligations imposed on the policyholder by the contract. As a result, there may be a problem of non-compliance of the real financial burden of the policyholder with the expected costs, as in most cases, the costs are associated with the payment of the insurance premium only. The reason is that private clients have a low level of financial literacy and when entering into an insurance contract, they do not associate its individual terms with the upcoming expenses. Corporate clients, both in tax and accounting, include only insurance premiums in insurance expenses, as required by the current tax legislation. Assessment of the economic efficiency of insurance as a method of risk management and financial planning of insurance protection should be based on all types of expenses of the policyholder. The author proves that although diverse, the costs composition depends on the scenario of the development of insurance relations, as well as the conditions for the implementation of insurance protection. It is noted that there is a terminological uncertainty in which the concepts of “insurance costs”, “insurance costs”, “expenses related to insurance”, “expenses of the policyholder” are used as synonyms, which is not true. In relation to the entire set of expenses of the recipient of insurance services, it is proposed to use the concept of “financial burden of the recipient of insurance services”, the theoretical and methodological development of which is set as one of the tasks of the author’s further research. It is suggested the insurance company should be obliged to inform the person having intention to enter into an insurance contract about the total possible expenses that may arise from recipient’s insurance services in connection with the negotiation and execution of the insurance contract during the validity period in the frame of the existing security documents.
10.18721/JE.14308
336
costs of the policyholder
costs of insurance
financial burden of the policyholder
costs of the recipient of insurance services
risk management
insurance
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.8/
08_Stepanova.pdf
RAR
RUS
113-124
Dianov
Sergey
Alfer'yev
Dmitriy
alferev_1991@mail.ru
Rodionov
D.G.
rodion_dm@mail.ru
Formalization of the problem of creation of a regional agent-oriented forest management model
The forest resource is an important economic source of advantages for the northwestern regions of Russia. Trees and products obtained during their processing are used in many spheres of human life: furniture, household items and interiors, construction, chemistry, etc. Forests as such are also significant ecosystems that are a necessary element in the formation of safe living conditions for humans (processing carbon dioxide into oxygen), as well as flora and fauna that live in it. Irrational deforestation can lead not only to failures in the economic systems of enterprises, but also have a catastrophic effect on the health of people who live in these territories. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to formalize the system of interaction between objects of the forestry industry, which in turn will make it possible to create an effective and rational model of logging at the level of a separate territorial entity. The relationships developed by the authors can be incorporated into the systems of simulation modeling based on one of the actively developing approaches: the agent-based modeling. To solve the above problem, such general scientific methods were used as generalization, systematization, induction-deductive logical conclusions, analysis, synthesis, etc. To determine the specific numerical characteristics of the simulated objects, their parameters and variables, the authors used methods and tools of mathematical statistics tested on the data of regional timber industry statistics of the Vologda region. The results obtained will be useful for the formation of computer models of forest management at the regional level, which, in turn, will allow calculating the optimal number of participants for a given national economic direction, and also show the dynamics of the forest area recovery after logging. The work done may be of interest to the administrative and managerial structures involved in the regulation of laws and rights in the forestry sector; commercial enterprises trying to rationalize their activities, while extracting the maximum economic return from it and causing minimal damage to the ecological environment; as well as subject specialists working in the direction of modeling effective simulation systems.
10.18721/JE.14309
630:330.4
agent-oriented modeling
regional forestry complex
logging
reforestation
lease of forest areas
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.9/
09_Dianov%2C-Alferev%2CRodionov.pdf
RAR
RUS
125-137
Pishchalkina
Ilona
Tereshko
Ekaterina
ektereshko@mail.ru
Suloeva
Svetlana
suloeva_sb@mail.ru
Quantitative risk assessment of investment projects using digital technologies
The use of digital technologies for risk management of investment projects is relevant and promising in accordance with the development trend of Industry 4.0. The purpose of the study is to apply the Monte Carlo method using software tools for quantitative risk assessment of construction investment projects on the example of St. Petersburg organizations. The methodological basis of the study was the qualitative and quantitative methods, which include: 1) formation of a risk register; 2) risk ranking in order to identify the most likely risk for construction projects; 3) quantifying the risks that have the greatest impact using the functional add-in for MS Excel @Risk. The article analyzes the risks that affect the construction industry. The criteria for assessing the probability and degree of risk impact on investment projects in the construction industry are formed. The risks affecting investment construction projects are identified, which are divided into several groups: macroeconomic, industry, legal, operational, and financial. Therefore, a risk register has been formed that includes the following risks: rising inflation; regional risks; changes in consumer preferences or market trends; a shortage of land plots for new projects; stricter legislation; failure by subcontractors to fulfill their obligations; worsening conditions for purchasing construction materials; inability to attract and retain key personnel; more frequent accidents at construction sites; changes in interest rates and capitalization conditions for project financing; changes in exchange rates; difficulties in raising capital; credit risk associated with customers; the risk of reduced liquidity. Using the constructed risk map for construction companies, we determined the risk that poses the greatest threat to the organization, both in terms of the degree of influence and the probability of risk realization – the risk of a decrease in liquidity. To perform the calculation using the @Risk add-in, the amount of damage from the implementation of the risk of reducing liquidity in three scenarios is determined. The distribution graph constructed in @Risk using the Monte Carlo method allowed us to determine that the random variable is most likely to be greater than the predicted value of the realistic scenario. In this regard, it is necessary to revise this value towards increasing the damage from the realization of the risk in a realistic scenario. In the future, it is planned to conduct a study of the possibilities of using digital doubles as a modern tool for reducing emerging risks, as well as for monitoring capital construction projects.
10.18721/JE.14310
338.27
risk management
investment projects
development industry
Monte Carlo method
digital technologies
simulation
St. Petersburg
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.89.10/
10_Pishchalkina%2C-Tereshko%2C-Suloeva.pdf