π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-21 AAH-1487-2019 0000-0001-5447-3119 Lomonosov Moscow State University Zhuravlev Denis 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Strategizing of economic systems digital transformation: a driver on innovative development The main directions of the regional economy advanced development include the stimulation of small and medium business, import substitution policy, improvement of the professional qualities of the economically active population, and development of a favorable environment in the interaction of business and government. However, in modern conditions, a new driver of economic growth is needed: the digital transformation. For successful transformations, resulting in a significant increase of efficiency, clearly defined goals and business objectives are required, i.e., the available strategy, implementation of which is realized in the need to achieve a specific state of the economic system, in which its development is ensured through synchronization with national, regional and sectoral priorities. Moreover, along with the preparedness to strategizing, an appropriate external environment is essential, presuming the capabilities of the regional economic system to support innovation. The article presents the authors’ approach to the problems of analyzing the processes underlying the regional economy. A purposely designed toolkit consisting of economic and mathematical models, databases, and applied software is aimed to intensify the framework of studying the regional economy development management. The example of the socio-economic system of St. Petersburg enabled to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the consistency of the regional economy in the formation of a favorable business environment for economic entities at the initial stage of digital transformation. The result of the study is the substantiation of the provisions that to reduce the risks of stagnation in economic growth, support of the leading regional enterprises is essential, which act as the leaders of progress, introducing capital-intensive technologies, and conducting digital business transformation. Availability of such poles of growth reduces the barrier in terms of accessing digital technologies for small and medium businesses, thereby ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of the region as a whole. The paper made it clear that the key to the successful digital transformation is the creation of IT ecosystems that implement the concept of a systematic approach to decision-making in business management, applying knowledge economy technologies, such as predictive analytics, artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, etc. Recommendations for the generating of unified information space in the concept of a digital enterprise are provided. 10.18721/JE.14201 332.05 information system planning forecasting regional economy development strategy change management digital platform digital transformation digital twin https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.1/ 01_Zhuravlev%2C-Gluhov.pdf

RAR RUS 22-49 Mashunin Yuriy mashunin@mail.ru Strategic Development of the multi-level Socio-economic system of the State in the Digital Economy The relevance of the study is due to the development of the digital economy in the Russian Federation. Forecasting, strategic planning in this aspect is a promising direction of socio-economic development of the state, as well as its constituent parts – regions, municipalities, enterprises (firms) – the latter being on the lower level of the economy forming its foundation. This area of research provides a methodological basis for the development and implementation of management decisions focused on priority areas of economic development of the state. The purpose of the study is to analyze and develop theoretical and methodological provisions of strategic and innovative development of the multi-level economic system of the state in the digital economy. Other objectives include the research and development of mathematical models of the lower level of the state economy of large corporations (clusters). To achieve these goals, the first part of the work examines the structure of a multi-level hierarchical system of the state economy aimed at solving the problems of strategic planning and management at individual levels of the state within the digital economy. In the second part, based on the analysis and theoretical studies of previously proposed mathematical models of enterprise development, we developed a mathematical model of a corporation (cluster). The cluster model takes into account both extensive and intensive factors of production development. The input data of the cluster model is, first, statistical information and, second, technological information of pre-production. It is shown that taken together statistical, technological information, as well as the relationship with consumers of products and with the financial (banking) sphere is characterized as “digital economy”. The direction of further research is related to the practical implementation of mathematical models and their use in the practice of forecasting the development of an industrial corporation (cluster). 10.18721/JE.14202 330.332 state corporation strategic development statistical information technological information vector optimization https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.2/ 02_Mashunin.pdf

RAR RUS 50-62 57190134394 Novosibirsk State University Lychagin Mikhail lychagin@nsu.ru

1, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

Lychagin Anton anton@lychagin.ru Relationship of digital and industrial aspects in economic research based on EconLit bibliometric analysis The reviews of scientific economic literature show growing complexity of interrelationships between subject areas and discord among different types of publications, registered editions and subject classifications. In this context, the need to comprehend the digitalization trends is becoming more and more acute. This paper presents the results of bibliometric analysis of more than one and half million publications indexed in the electronic bibliographic EconLit database in terms of digital and industrial aspects and interrelation between them. The records, in which the title contains the terms “digital” or “digitization”, “online”, “smart”, “mobile”, “internet”, “computer” or “computing”, “telecommunication” and “software” were attributed to the “digital aspect”. The publications of “industrial aspect” belong to 37 JEL micro categories of four-meso categories with the title of “Industry Studies” (L6 Manufacturing; L7 Primary Products and Construction; L8 Services; L9 Transportation and Utilities). The paper contains a set of indicators for assessment of the digitalization degree of publications reflected in EconLit in 1991–2020. These indicators help to discover the “points of growth” at the intersections of digital and industrial aspects in the research object and subject framework. The presented results showed that the world economic literature continues to pay more attention to the problems and methods of digitalization. Analysis of publication activity by sub-periods of 1991–2020 helped to single out four terms (“online”, “digital”, “smart”, “mobile”) with a pronounced increase in activity. Examples of some notable publications illustrate the most interesting trends. The highest values of “digitalization rates” are in the category L63 Microelectronics, computers, communications. The digitalization rates above average are in L8 Service, where the leader is L86 Information and Internet Services; Computer Software. L7 Primary Products and Construction is only making first steps towards digitalization. The thoughts about future research developments conclude the main section of the article. 10.18721/JE.14203 330 bibliometric analysis digitalization industry studies publication activity JEL classification new research directions https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.3/ 03_Lichagin%2C-Lichagin.pdf

RAR RUS 63-80 57200260200 0000-0002-6042-2657 State University of Management Pisareva Ol'ga o.m.pisareva@gmail.com Alexeev Vyacheslav vaalexeev@gmail.com Mednikov Dmitry dn_mednikov@guu.ru Starikovsky Andrey av_starikovskiy@guu.ru Kurguzov Vasiliy kurguzov@rosdornii.ru Creating a national certification system for unmanned vehicles: tasks of information security testing Currently, digital technologies are penetrating all spheres of public life and are rapidly changing the economic landscape of each country. The transport industry is actively introducing technical and organizational solutions related to the creation of self-driving cars and their safe operation. The transition to the widespread introduction of unmanned vehicles is associated not only with new opportunities for personal mobility and commercial logistics, but also with the emergence of new risks of using artificial intelligence technologies in vehicle traffic control and traffic regulation systems. In this regard this study is devoted to the creation of a procedure and mechanism for state certification of unmanned vehicles. The relevance of the study is determined by the characteristics of innovative solutions in this problem area and the high social value of ensuring transport security, including the protection of information interactions within the framework of intelligent transport systems. In the course of the study, the authors have given a definition of certification of information security of vehicles. The article discusses domestic and foreign experience in building certification systems for complex technical systems, including the assessment of means and mechanisms to ensure their safe operation. An analysis of the content and process of certification of unmanned vehicles was carried out from the standpoint of verifying compliance with information security requirements. The object, subject and goals of certification of unmanned vehicles are formulated. The work defines the composition and specificity of the tasks solved in the course of certification. The characteristics of the methods and procedure for certification of unmanned vehicles are given. The structure, regulations and mechanism for certification of unmanned vehicles have been determined. Based on the results of the study, the authors substantiated recommendations for improving the institutional framework and developing organizational solutions for creating a national certification system for unmanned vehicles. It also provides a characteristic of promising research tasks in the development of methodological support for the design of test platforms. The authors proposed a set of measures for creating planning tools and conducting tests to assess compliance with information security requirements for unmanned vehicles. 10.18721/JE.14204 338.47 : 330.47 : 656.13 : 004.056 unmanned vehicles digital technologies information security threat modeling testing profile software certification hardware certification activity’s licensing state accreditation economic model of certification https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.4/ 04_Pisareva%2C-Alekseev%2C-Mednikov%2C-Starikovskiy%2C-Kurguzov.pdf

RAR RUS 81-91 57222509570 0000-0002-1801-4326 Tashkent state university of economics Makhmudova Guljahon guljaxon0038@gmail.com Yeliseyev Yevgeniy elis72region@yndex.ru The role of structural changes in the modernization of the economy In order to increase the competitiveness of the national economy, it is necessary to modernize and diversify the branches of the real sector. At the same time, the process of diversification and modernization of the economy and the structural transformation will be accompanied by a parallel interconnection. Ultimately, these two interconnected processes ensure transition to innovative development. In the country with innovative development, the export potential will be increased and sustainable economic growth will be ensured through the production of high value-added products. This, in turn, increases the national wealth and ensures the competitiveness of the national economy. The competitiveness of the national economy guarantees the welfare of the population. Through the implementation of the national economy modernization and structural transformation program in the world practice, many developed countries have ensured sustainable economic growth based on innovative factors. In this regard, Japan, Germany, the Republic of Korea and the People’s Republic of China have achieved steady economic growth thanks to the deep structural transformation of the economy on the basis of economic modernization strategies. Modernization includes the technical and technological renewal of the leading sectors of the economy, the qualitative improvement, and ultimately, diversification of production, as well as the development of human factor. In the context of modernization of the national economy, it is crucial to form a state-of-the-art innovation program, to prepare a new generation of personnel effectively using innovations and investments and preparing a new class of investors. For this purpose, Uzbekistan needs a national idea for national technological development and domestic market modernization. This program should allow Uzbekistan to facilitate its inclusion into the list of the world’s most developed countries. From this point of view, the formation of an innovation program, training of the new generation, effectively using innovations and investments, support for the development of a class of owners, become important. This requires a well-thought-out program for the technological development of Uzbekistan and the modernization of the domestic market. The implementation of this program should create new opportunities for Uzbekistan to find a worthy place in the ranks of the developed countries. In achieving these long-term strategic goals, the modernization of the national economy and the implementation of structural transformations play a leading role. The Strategy of Actions for the Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017–2021 has highlighted that “enhancing its competitiveness through deepening structural transformation, modernization and diversification of leading sectors of the national economy” is a priority. 10.18721/JE.14205 330.8:338.4 (575.1) modernization modernization of economy investments national economy structural changes priorities https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.5/ 05_Mahmudova%2C-Eliseev.pdf

RAR RUS 92-104 Ivanova Daria darya_ivanova_@bk.ru Ponomarenko Tatyana Stv_mail@mail.ru Application of complementary assets in mining industry: definition, nature, and features The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of a mining company by managing specific assets using a complementary approach. The relevance of the work is caused by the fact that the mining industry differs from other sectors of the economy because of the specificity of the mineral raw materials and production processes. The mineral resources assets that form the company’s mineral resources potential are unique in nature. Their main feature is the depletion and dependence of the value of mineral raw materials on the influence of a combination of factors, whose action can cause both its decrease and increase. In addition, the specifics of the mining processes determine the organization of activities, complicating the management of a mining enterprise, which, along with constantly changing external factors, forces the management of a mining company to look for new ways to improve production efficiency. The purpose of the study is to establish the role of digital assets in the activities of mining enterprises and determine the necessary requirements for their successful operation. In the course of the study, an analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature was carried out, the experience of mining enterprises was studied, and methods such as comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of the results were used. The article discusses the growing importance of digitalization for mining enterprises. The problems of introducing digital assets in the mining industry have been identified. The authors substantiated the need for complex integration of digital assets with other assets, and identified the relationships between them. The concept of complementarity in the analysis of intangible assets is disclosed and the characteristics of complementary assets are clarified. It was revealed that it is the complementary assets that contribute to improving the efficiency of mining companies through the development of open innovations, provided that the necessary environment is created. The significance of this study is that it will allow the management of mining companies to make adjustments to the organization of production and management processes in order to increase their economic efficiency. The directions of further research are the presentation of a model for the integration of complementary assets and the development of a methodology for assessing the complex economic effects of the use of complementary assets in mining companies. 10.18721/JE.14206 338.242 mining industry economic efficiency assets intangible assets complementarity https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.6/ 06_Ivanova%2C-Ponomarenko.pdf

RAR RUS 105-114 57212400451 0000-0002-9226-9829 Russian state academy of intellectual property Ustinova Liliya Analysis of industrial development in the country's regions based on Industry programs 4.0 Industry is the most important sector of the country’s economy of the Russian Federation. Industry has a significant impact on the economic development of the country, for the entire course of its expanded reproduction. Mechanical engineering, metallurgy, chemical production, production and processing of hydrocarbons are most developed in the regions of Russia. Industrialized regions differ in industries and levels of technological development. After conducting research on the indicators and dynamics of industrial production, it is possible to identify the most successful industrially developed regions. The introduction of new technologies requires significant financial resources, and many enterprises have problems with investments. The production of those regions that actively introduce new technologies is effective. It is shown that the industrial revolution led to creation of digital production facilities, automation and robotization of which accelerated production processes and significantly increased quality indicators. Digital transformation is the leading direction of technological development of the industry. The study reveals the role of new technologies, points to the need for their intensive implementation in the industrial sphere, analyzes the state of industry in the regions, reveals the role of digital platforms. It is emphasized that Industry 4.0 requires leading production managers to review their strategic priorities. Digital technologies provide for the creation of communication networks, digital platforms for working with various data, as well as a research base in the country. The participation of the state in the implementation of regional strategies and the formation of high-tech industries is an important mechanism for the implementation of economic policy. The article considers the regions of Russia where the industrial production potential is high and Industry 4.0 technologies are being successfully implemented. It analyzes the extent to which the Russian industry has mastered advanced digital technologies, the scope of application of digital automated lines and modern software products. The role of digital technologies in production management, in the dissemination of knowledge and the promotion of new developments on world markets is revealed. Knowledge, intellectual resources, information technologies, automated systems, the developed infrastructure of the national innovation system, a modern technological platform, and high technologies play an important role in the activation of the innovation process. Effective investment in industry contributes to increasing the competition of manufactured products, updating the technological base. Digital transformation of manufacturing industries is carried out on the basis of the latest equipment, new machines. It is shown that the key factor for the successful functioning of the economy is the high level of development of science, the creation and application of innovative technologies, standardization in the field of high technologies. The main objectives of the established development centers are the activation of innovation activities in the regions, the concentration of resources and factors of production in a limited area. 10.18721/JE.14207 658 industry digital technologies innovation activity regional development knowledge bases intellectual activity results digital industry standards https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.7/ 07_Ustinova.pdf

RAR RUS 115-136 Tsatsulin Alaxander Tsatsulin Boris tsatsan@yandex.ru Scenario approach to building predictive models for the development of regional health systems The article is devoted to the problems of scenario modeling in relation to solving a number of problems of managing the health care system of the Perm Territory, which in recent years has attracted attention of the development of a number of promising projects to develop this industry, to expand the availability of medical services and to improve the level of medical care for the population. Any good-quality project must be directly linked not only to the future periods of its implementation, but also be scientifically justified in terms of insuring all kinds of risks and threats that will stand in the way of the successful completion of the project. Therefore, recently all kinds of projects, programs and plans are often developed using the so-called scenario approach. Several options for the development of events with this approach are offered to the appropriate circle of leaders or the power structure for the subsequent adoption of an appropriate management decision. The authors of the article consider the main provisions and principles of the scenario approach using the example of the development of the health care system of a particular subject of the federation, which makes the material proposed for consideration very relevant. The authors also define, as they see it, the main result of improving the industry in the form of a target and a national goal: the expected (future) life expectancy of the population of the study area. This socio-economic indicator, which has all the signs of fatefulness, is considered by the authors to be a priority analytical indicator of the level and quality of an effective life of a Russian. The latter determines the purpose of this study. The authors consider the construction of dynamic multivariate models of industry development options for a period of up to three years to be an efficient tool for analyzing and forecasting this indicator, which is presented in the article in the form of five simultaneous equations of multiple regressions. The results of this construction are continued by discussion, and the article ends with a list of conclusions. 10.18721/JE.14208 332.142 management decision forecast plan scenario risk threat probability national econ-omy health care system forthcoming (expected) life expectancy econometric model statistical estimation random component https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.8/ 08_Tsatsulin.pdf

RAR RUS 137-148 Taiber Zoya pronina@spa.msu.ru Zha Shenyu vadimsy44@gmail.com The importance of effective externalization within the SECI model for organizational development: analysis based on game theory In the era of knowledge economy, knowledge is gradually replacing land, labor and capital as the main resource of economic development, the source of innovation, and the foundation for forming the major competitiveness of organizations. Organizational knowledge can be divided into explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge can be stored and transmitted through information and network technology, while tacit knowledge must rely on the interaction between people and the organization to achieve the results of transmission, sharing and effective conversion. The effective management of tacit knowledge has an important influence on sustainable development of the organization. The main goal of this article is to improve the efficiency of sharing and conversion of tacit knowledge within the organization. In the research on tacit knowledge management, the SECI model of tacit knowledge conversion proposed by Nonaka is designed to convert tacit and explicit knowledge into each other through the process of socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. This cyclical conversion has formed a spiraling process of knowledge innovation, which provides a model and theoretical basis for the effective management and utilization of tacit knowledge. Through the SECI model we can find that in the process of externalization, the members of the organization and the organization itself convert tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. In this process, the overall major competitiveness of the organization has been enhanced, but for the members of the organization as the subject of tacit knowledge, it may mean the loss of their core value. From the economic perspective, these mutual relations essentially reflect the conflict between the interests of individuals and organizational interests. Therefore, a mathematical model can be created from the perspective of game theory to study the problem concerning knowledge conversion within the organization, which is aimed at the prisoner’s dilemma, as well as to design the incentive mechanism of tacit knowledge conversion within the organization for the purpose of changing the strategic equilibrium and realizing the effective management of tacit knowledge in the organization. 10.18721/JE.14209 338.2;331.1 tacit knowledge SECI model tacit knowledge management game theory organizational development incentive mechanism https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.88.9/ 09_Tayber%2C-CHzha.pdf