2782-6015 13 6 2020 1-109

RAR RUS 7-19 Egorova Svetlana es1403@bk.ru Bogdanovich Irina bogdanovichi@mail.ru Kistaeva Natalia kistaevan@mail.ru Environmental indicators as a tool for balanced economic development. One of the priorities of the modern economy is the optimal use of natural resources in economic activity. This is because the organization and management of production have an impact on the environment, which in turn affects both the well-being of society and economic development. Therefore, the methodology and practice of public non-financial reporting is actively developing to reflect indicators related to the conservation and evaluation of natural resources, pollution control, waste management and recycling, and the creation of emission standards. Environmental indicators are an important tool for making sound management decisions aimed at harmonizing the economy and the environment. At present, despite the large number of methodical developments, there is no solid theoretical basis for the formation of environmental indicators that adequately characterize the interaction of business and the environment and are in demand at all levels of economic decision-making. The article clarifies the content, classification, system of indicators, methods of assessing environmental costs for use in management activities for deeper analysis, modelling and forecasting of economic phenomena and processes within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. The authors studied and classified approaches to the value assessment of man-made harm to nature, determined by the disproportionateness of natural and value indicators; lack of non-market goods, great uncertainty about the true value; consequences of man-made impacts and long-term investment in environmental protection. Modern approaches to modeling and interpretation of results are summarized, as well as opportunities to develop new (improve the existing) models for optimizing environmental costs. The authors identified the areas of environmental performance analysis in the existing management systems, in particular through the study of non-financial reporting, which is the basis for calculating resource utilization, environmental quality and sustainability. 10.18721/JE.13601 658(045) balanced economic development environmental indicators valuation methods optimization models accounting non-financial reporting https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.1/ 01_Egorova%2C-Bogdanovich%2C-Kistaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 20-30 57204940832 0000-0002-9593-5129 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev» Tronina Irina irina-tronina@yandex.ru Tatenko Galina galinatatenko@yandex.ru Bakhtina Svetlana essvetic@ya.ru Key technological competencies as a factor of innovative development of the region... Innovative development of the region in the context of global environmental challenges involves the selection and implementation of priorities aimed at the future. In the context of the fourth industrial revolution and the trajectory of development of socio-economic systems with an emphasis on digitalization, the role of technologies is increasing and at the same time the model of their origin and development is changing. The ability to predict emerging technological opportunities and use the potential of breakthrough technologies in a timely manner will allow to plan the innovative development of the territory effectively and systematically, providing it with significant competitive advantages. It is the competitive advantages that make it possible to build strategies for long-term innovative development of the territory, taking into account its uniqueness. In this context, embedding future research in the practice of regional strategic planning is an urgent task. The purpose of the research is to develop a methodological approach to the formation of key competencies in the region in the format of solving the problem of choosing priorities for innovative development of the territory based on the principles of “smart specialization”. Using general scientific and special methods of scientific search, the authors studied the main approaches to the process of forming a strategy for innovative development of the region in Russian and foreign scientific literature, as well as European practice. It is established that the comparative (distinctive) advantages of a region as a basis for its innovative development can be determined by key technological competencies. The paper considers a set of definitions necessary for this purpose. The proposed map of key technological competencies of the region allows to represent and describe the regional “competence” profile clearly, involving the main groups of stakeholders in the innovation process: state authorities, business community, civil society, science and education, according to the model of the four-stage innovation spiral. The authors present a comprehensive technology for organizing entrepreneurial search for regional innovative development as an important issue of using the concept of “smart specialization”, taking into account the national specifics and European experience. In turn, a regional foresight is proposed as a tool for selecting and justifying the priorities of innovative development of the region in the mode of constructive dialogue between the main groups of stakeholders. 10.18721/JE.13602 332.1(316.422) innovative development of the region key technological competencies entrepreneurial search the concept of “smart specialization” four-link innovation spiral foresight https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.2/ 02_Tronina%2C-Tatenko%2C-Bahtina.pdf

RAR RUS 31-40 Lanina Liliya lan_vgik@mail.ru Malyshev Anton Romodanovskaya Nana proficinema@mail.ru Analysis of the development of the audiovisual cluster in the region (based on international experience) This study is devoted to the analysis of the organization process and the initial stage of the regional audiovisual cluster. The authors consider the elements of regional policy reform and the process of public-private dialogue in the context of creating an audio-visual cluster, as well as study the main directions of the interaction between regional administrations and cinematographic organizations at the initial stage of creating an audiovisual cluster. Government policies regarding audiovisual clusters often view them as an economic development strategy aimed at increasing national and international competitiveness and innovation through the creation of export products (audiovisual projects) and jobs. The historical and cultural security of the region, the average size of creative industries in the region, the size of the territory itself, the diversity of business structures, and the capacity of human capital are common factors that form prospects for creating an audiovisual cluster in the region. Currently, audio-visual clusters are being created all over the world, but not all can form competitive advantages and be equally successful. The development strategy and approaches to providing competitive advantages are very important. The advantages of this cluster, in our opinion, include forming and maintaining long-term and strong relationships between cluster participants, building the capacity of an effective system for managing information, financial and material flows within the cluster, delineating competencies between cluster participants, transparency in cluster activities, regional policy measures, including employing research and educational centers and training specialists to work in the cluster. This research is relevant in the context of the emergence of regional audiovisual clusters in certain regions of Russia at the current stage. In this study, the authors set out to analyze the directions of implementation of the practical experience of the initial stage of development of the audiovisual sector cluster on the example of the Spanish region of Navarra. The authors focus on the social and institutional dependence of the movie cluster at the initial stage of its life cycle. 10.18721/JE.13603 332.1 film industry audiovisual cluster tax incentives regional policy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.3/ 03_Lanina%2C-Malishev%2C-Romodanovskaya.pdf

RAR RUS 41-54 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Kartavenkо Olga Optimizing resource use while maximizing graduate competencies: a system of mathematical models One of the goals of the university is to achieve the maximum values of the competencies of the graduated specialists, which ensures their success in work, increases the competitiveness of the university, and contributes to the influx of more trained applicants. Ultimately, this indicator characterizes the maximum performance of the university in terms of impact on the national economy. The task of optimal construction of the educational process is the task of optimal management of the resources of the university and the student (university resources: labor, time, financial, computing, territorial, informational, etc.; student resources: labor, financial, time, etc.) – the search for an option that provides the maximum of the indicator that evaluates the result. As for the criteria of optimality, The authors believe that it is possible to accept the competencies of the graduates as a criterion to assess the outcome of their training. Then the research task is formulated as achieving the maximum of competencies in conditions of limited available resources. Graduate’s competencies are a consequence of the level of study of academic disciplines, which, in turn, depends on the resources invested. In this formulation of the problem, we do not touch upon the issue of individual abilities and focus on the maximum result for each of the students within the framework of their abilities. This approach is focused not on a specific student, but on the creation of preferable conditions of the educational process, passing through which, the students achieve the maximum mastery of the system of competencies. The formulation of the problem of optimal resource allocation permits several options: a static model (one time interval); a system of hierarchical models (consideration of competencies by levels of detail); taking into account the duration of the impact of resources (dividing resources into capital and one-time); dynamic model (covering the entire training period); optimization of the structure of the curriculum (optimization of the time resource); the relationship between the competencies of the personnel and the performance of the enterprise. The article presents a system of mathematical models for optimizing the allocation of university resources when organizing the educational process. The relationship between the competencies of the personnel and the performance of the enterprise has been analyzed. The issues of interaction between universities and the real sector of the economy through the formation of the competencies of a university graduate are considered. 10.18721/JE.13604 330 mathematical models university resources competencies resource allocation optimization dynamic model static model https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.4/ 04_Gluhov%2C-Kartavenko.pdf

RAR RUS 55-65 Soloveychik Kirill kirill.soloveychik@gmail.com Lavrov Andrey andrey@spbcioclub.ru Nikiforova Anastasiya Mathematical model of data preparation for operational planning in heavy engineering enterprises This article is devoted to solving the problem of preparing data for the operational planning of heat treatment operations using the example of industrial enterprises in St. Petersburg. Solving the problem of planning heat treatment operations and, accordingly, preparing data for this, is relevant, since in rare cases, operational planning is used at enterprises of the Russian Federation. But even if it is employed, it is only used for drawing up a planned schedule of work, for the implementation of which it is necessary to restructure the existing organization of the production process. Planning is often done “manually” using Microsoft Project or Microsoft Excel. The mathematical model presented in the work has a number of assumptions to reduce the computational complexity of the problem under consideration. The aim of the study is to develop a model and an algorithm for operational scheduling of the production process. To solve the problem, an algorithm is proposed that allows to form orders in such a way that the necessary restrictions and conditions for their simultaneous processing are fulfilled. The proposed algorithm was tested on realistic data in the 1C: MES “Operational production management” information system (hereinafter 1C: MES), which made it possible to test the developed algorithm for the correctness and implementation of the specified restrictions. The developed mathematical model and algorithm for preparing data for planning are implemented in 1C: MES and are used at one of the heavy engineering enterprises in St. Petersburg. With the help of the obtained algorithm, the enterprise managed to increase the efficiency of the existing production equipment, in particular, thermal furnaces. Also, the information on groups of blanks for performing heat treatment operations is used to plan the loading of other equipment in the workshops. The developed model and algorithm can be used at other enterprises with heat-treatment furnaces and queues of blanks for processing in furnaces. This will reduce the storage of blanks and increase the efficiency of the use of warehouse or workshop premises. The directions of further research can be the study of the applicability of the developed tools for other technological operations at the enterprise and the integration of the developed algorithm into the general system of operational scheduling of production. 10.18721/JE.13605 658.512 heat treatment math model production planning criteria for the formation of load material properties https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.5/ 05_Soloveychik%2C-Lavrov%2C-Nikiforova.pdf

RAR RUS 66-78 Pupentsova Svetlana pupentsova@spbgpu-dreem.ru Ponyaeva Irina babocha1@mail.ru Risk assessment of innovative project based on the synthesis of fuzzy set methods and hierarchy analysis The large-scale business restructuring that is taking place everywhere in modern conditions leads to the fact that the solution of many problems of companies, regardless of their size and areas of activity, takes place in the conditions of complete or partial lack of information. In such circumstances, combined methods should be used to assess the factors of the investment object, the innovative component of which is predisposed to riskiness. The absence or incompleteness of information implies a non-linear nature, which implies the use of mathematical tools to assess the degree of impact of risks of an innovative project. In this paper, the idea of synthesis of fuzzy set methods and the method of hierarchies by T. Saati is proposed, the application of which is carried out directly under specified conditions with previously unknown data and lack of information and is expressed in the construction of matrices of paired judgments based on expert assessments. As a result of ranking the risks of an innovative project to modernize the production process of an industrial enterprise, it was determined and justified that the most "important" risks that affect the progress of the project include production, market and financial risks. This means that these risks in similar circumstances should be given priority when quantifying cash flows. In the course of the study, it was also decided to determine the dependence and degree of influence of external and internal risks of innovative projects on the final choice of investment object. As an example, three alternative investments in the modernization of the production process of an industrial enterprise were selected for consideration. Methods of economic and mathematical modeling allowed us to assess the elasticity of investment priorities based on changes in project risks. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of qualitative methods of expert risk assessment of innovative and investment projects, through the synthesis of the methods of T. Saati and L. Zade using sensitivity analysis, which is essential for assessing and ranking the impact of risks. The synthesis of methods for assessing the risks of an innovative project described in this paper has a commonality and can be used in analyzing the sensitivity of project risks both at an industrial enterprise, during its restructuring and modernization, and in other innovative projects in related areas of the economy. 10.18721/JE.13606 330.43 : 338.14 innovative project risk uncertainty risk assessment sensitivity assessment fuzzy sets Saati method matrix consistency paired judgment matrices elasticity https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.6/ 06_Pupentsova%2C-Ponyaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 79-89 Potsulin Anton anton.potsulin@yandex.ru Sergeeva Irina igsergeeva@itmo.ru Rudenko Vyacheslav sloveres@yandex.ru Machine learning methods using for product suppliers evaluation. The paper is dedicated to the problem of the subjective factors influence on the choice of supplier. To make an objective decision on choosing a product supplier, machine learning models applying is suggested. Due to the use of machine learning models, the evaluation of suppliers is formed based on the analysis of the results of their activities, which minimizes the influence of subjective factors on the choice of supplier. The paper presents the results of the research based on a set of data, including the information obtained during the analysis of the annual report of the purchasing department of a meat processing enterprise, as well as open information published on the Rosselkhoznadzor (Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance of Russian Federation) official site. A sample was formed for training the model for classifying suppliers into reliable and unreliable ones. Methods such as logistic regression and decision tree are used to solve the problem of supplier classification. Ordinal scales are proposed for evaluating suppliers, based on such criteria as the availability and correctness of the design of the product accompanying documentation, compliance with labeling, the presence of reactions to reviews, etc. This made it possible to design the structure of a database containing information about suppliers. In accordance with the specified structure, a sample was formed for training the model for classifying suppliers into reliable and unreliable ones. Methods such as logistic regression and decision tree are used to solve the problem of supplier classification. A comparative analysis of the selected methods was performed using the AUC metric. Modifications of the composition criteria will allow to use the proposed method not only for evaluating the suppliers of food products. Due to machine learning models using, the evaluation of suppliers is formed based on the analysis of their performance, which reduces the influence of subjective factors. The obtained results can simplify the process of selecting suppliers, promote competition in the commodity markets of the Russian Federation, allow enterprises to reduce management costs and save time on searching, evaluating and selecting bona fide suppliers. 10.18721/JE.13607 65.012.123 supplier evaluation supplier evaluation methods logistic regression decision tree evaluation criteria machine learning https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.7/ 07_Potsulin%2C-Sergeeva%2C-Rudenko.pdf

RAR RUS 91-99 Kudryavtcev Andrey andrei-kudravcev@yandex.ru V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Litvinenko Alexander Lanfk@mail.ru Indicators of criminalization of the economy in the Russian economic security monitoring system The article discusses the issue of studying the measured quantitative values (indicators) of criminalization of economic relations in detail. One of the main problems of counteracting the criminalization of the economy lies in its unbiased measurement. This issue is particularly relevant in the modern world, since the need to measure the criminalization of the economy is reflected in the strategic planning documents of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to justify the need to measure the criminalization of the economy and criminalization of financial and economic activities of commercial organizations (hereinafter “FEA CO”) in their entirety. The obtained goal is achieved using analytical, formal-logical methods, as well as the method of correlation analysis. The authors concluded that the monitoring based on mining and processing of objective quantitative values (indicators) should be a priority mechanism of economic security, as the lack of such evaluation makes it impossible to efficiently counteract the criminalization of the economy. The article analyzes the degree of study of the problems of indicator measurement of criminalization of the economy and FEA CO and assesses monitoring as a tool of the economic security mechanism. The authors determined the place of the indicator measurement of criminalization of the economy when using it and concluded there is a need to differentiate the indicator “level of criminalization in the field of FEA CO”. There is a high correlation between the criminalization of the economy and the criminalization of FEA CO. As a prospect for further research, it is noted that the study of the phenomenon of criminalization of the economy can not be reduced only to the analysis of the statistical data. Their use is necessary for conducting criminometric studies, the purpose of which is to find links between the criminalization of the economy and FEA CO with other economic, legal and social categories. The results obtained can find practical application in the activities of information and analytical centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as in planning the activities of Internal Affairs bodies related to counteracting the criminalization of the economy. 10.18721/JE.13608 338.242 economy criminalization financial and economic activity counteraction threat indicators correlation analysis https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.8/ 08_Kudryavtsev%2C-Babkin%2C-Litvinenko.pdf

RAR RUS 101-109 57211165463 0000-0002-5040-0841 Voronezh State Agricultural University Pshenichnikov Wladislav wladwp@yandex.ru

str.Mitchurina, 1, Voronezh, 394087

Prospects of issuing digital ruble and its functioning in the country’s payment turnover The relevance of the study is due to drastic changes in the attitude of Central banks in different countries to digital currencies. The prospects of issuing digital ruble by the Bank of Russia and its functioning in the country’s payment turnover are investigated. The study uses an integration approach based on interdisciplinary integration of knowledge. The authors adopted the paradigm of evolutionary economics in combination with syncretic logic of thinking as more general in comparison with metaphysics and dialectics, and the theory of carriers in the form of a new philosophical system of worldview. The provisions of the theory of information economy, semiotics, fractal geometry, and econophysics are used. Foreign experience of launching and testing digital currencies were studied. The author proposed an interpretation of the concept of the digital ruble as a type of electronic money in a broad sense. The article provides a justification for assigning digital currencies to a separate type of electronic form of money, and not to an independent form of money on a par with cash and non-cash. Taking into account the classification of the electronic form of money already established in Russian theory and practice in two main directions (based on cards and networks), it is proposed to supplement this classification with another direction based on a distributed register of digital transactions, which should include digital currencies. The paper outlines the reasons why the author questions the necessity and expediency of using the digital ruble in offline mode in addition to online mode both at the stage of its creation and in the long-term perspective. The author presents the rationale for and feasibility of a phased introduction of the digital ruble within the framework of the national payment system. The individual segments of the subjects of monetary relations should be involved in its application in the following sequence: in the first stage, capital and financial innovation markets; in the second stage, the government payments sector; in the third stage, the business segment; in the fourth stage, the population. The author of the article hopes to continue participating in the Bank of Russia’s “Digital ruble” project as an independent researcher and expert. 10.18721/JE.13609 336.74 monetary relations national payment system payment turnover Central Bank digital currency digital economy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.86.9/ 09_Pshenichnikov.pdf