π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-18 Vasetskaia Natal'ia vno@spbstu.ru 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

“Fundamental triangle” as a factor of strategic economic development In recent years, the concept of the “fundamental triangle” of the strategic economic development has become an increasingly relevant tool for developing innovative policies in the developed countries of the world, including Russia. The demand for this concept is determined by the processes of integration of scientific, educational and innovative activities on which it is based. The aim of the article is to analyze the functioning mechanisms of the “fundamental triangle”, determine the role of its participants (universities, research organizations, industrial enterprises, public authorities) and their joint strategic goals, as well as to research the state’s support and incentive tools for participants in this system. The study applied general scientific and special methods, such as content analysis, comparison, systematization and generalization of the results. The article shows that the “fundamental triangle” is a unifying basis for other popular models, such as “knowledge triangle”, “triple helix”, “third mission” and “innovative university”. We analyzed the concept of the “fundamental triangle” as a functional model characterizing the interaction between the fields of education, science and innovation. We studied the role of all participants in the functioning of the “fundamental triangle” and identified their joint strategic goals, such as increasing the aggregate intellectual potential of society, creating conditions for the accelerated development of high technologies by the Russian industry, and improving the quality of training in the field of high technologies. We revealed that the implementation of institutional and organizational transformations in universities requires appropriate incentive tools: management of universities and their financing based on competitive programs and special measures for the allocation of public funds; transfer mechanisms related to the transfer of knowledge between all participants in the triangle and forming an innovative environment; federal or regional development strategies. The considered model can be applied as an effective tool for the formation and strategic development of the national economy in general and all its participants in particular. 10.18721/JE.13401 338.012 fundamental triangle university scientific organization industrial enterprise education science innovation scientific-technological and innovation policy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.1/ 01_Vasetskaya%2C-Gluhov.pdf

RAR RUS 19-35 Tsatsulin Alaxander Digitalization of the population as a determinant of the virtual and real labor market in a pandemic The article is devoted to the state of the labor market in connection with the dire consequences of the pandemic, the self-isolation regime and limited quarantine. The purpose of the work was to assess the scale and measure of the danger of coronavirus infection for the Russian labor market and the Russian economy, taking into account the related possibilities of digitalization as connected tasks. To investigate the issues that arose, the author engaged a toolkit for the methodology of activity-based comparative studies using statistical indicators of demography and sanitary statistics. Trends and dynamics of employment processes, unemployment rate, demographic difficulties of the country, the impact of the situation in the labor market on certain aspects of digitalization of business processes and the features of work in conditions of remote access to a stationary workplace are considered. The above can be called the obtained reliable research results. The author also raised other special issues of labor relations in the discussion mode. In particular, the doubtfulness of some statistical calculations of the recursive influence of political factors on the behavior of the infection and the consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic using indicators of the incidence, mortality and lethality of this dangerous disease. The possibilities of digitalization of the population are emphasized and it is noted that the current difficult situation for the Russian economy once again presents a favorable chance of overcoming it due to the promising import substitution policy. The directions for further research should be related to the search for the ways to restore the economy, mainly in its real sector, in the context of a limited labor force potential. 10.18721/JE.13402 314.87 digitalization of the population labor market economically active population employment unemployment pandemic crisis demographic consequences peculiar effects of sanitary statistics noosphere https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.2/ 02_Tsatsulin.pdf

RAR RUS 36-45 Ilina Tatyana Kirina Diana tanya.ilyina@list.ru Logistic processes digitalization of Russian companies based on implementation of RFID technology Currently, the digitalization of various sectors of the economy and social sphere is becoming a strategic task of Russian state policy. However, the use of innovative digital technologies in the Russian industry is limited in comparison with foreign companies. The authors investigate the processes of introducing digital technologies at foreign and Russian companies and their impact on the efficiency of the logistics sector. The study showed, that despite the variety, some digital technologies have negative effect when applied in logistics and lead to the influence of the human factor on work results. The authors consider the RFID technology as an alternative to modern technology. The purpose of this research is to study the possibilities of introducing the RFID technology into the logistics processes of Russian companies and to assess the economic feasibility of its implementation in practice. The database was provided by a company for transportation of oil and oil products – LLC “Transneft--Logistics”. The authors identified such problems in the work of the logistics system as: weak integration of transport and storage facilities, insufficiently organized work of different types of transport, violation of delivery schedules, ineffective use of carrying capacity. These disadvantages lead to losses and an increase in the cost of transporting goods. These problems are typical for the logistics systems of many domestic companies. To eliminate them, it is proposed to introduce the digital RFID technology. Evaluating the cost savings of RFID versus a bar-coding system showed effectiveness of the former. The calculation of the annual economic effect and the payback period of the technology also gave a positive result. The authors propose to use another digital technology, blockchain, in combination with RFID. Automation based on RFID–blockchain decreases the influence of human factors, provides information and economic security of logistics processes, improves labor productivity, eliminates losses and reduces costs. In current conditions, these factors are essential for increasing the quality of products and the competitiveness of domestic companies. 10.18721/JE.13403 65.011.56 digitalization RFID blockchain logistics processes transportation costs losses https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.3/ 03_Ilina%2C-Kirina.pdf

RAR RUS 46-56 Nikolaev Mikhail fef-sp.ucoz.ru Makhotaeva Marina makhotaeva@mail.ru Gusarova Viktoria vgusarova80@rambler.ru Analysis of the influence of digitalization processes on regions’ economic development Digitalization is now seen as a leading factor in economic development. At the same time, the dynamic development of information infrastructure in the regions, the increase in access to broadband Internet for the population and business are not accompanied by adequate changes in the indicators of economic growth. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the impact of digitalization processes on the social and economic development of the regions and to identify factors that prevent the receipt of digital dividends. The scientific literature focuses on the essence of digitalization, its industry-specific aspects, as well as the factors and problems of the digital transformation of the economy. At the same time, much less attention is paid to the effectiveness of digitalization in terms of improving the dynamics of socio-economic processes. Most authors note the significant impact of digitalization on regional development, however, the studies revealed that there is no significant relationship between the level of digitalization of enterprises in the region and the dynamics of its socio-economic development. This situation is due, first of all, to the low level of investment and innovation activity of enterprises in the regions, as well as to the insufficient use of digital business models. The information infrastructure in the regions was developing at high rate against the background of actual stagnation of the economy and, as a result, high risks of investing in real assets. Thus, for the period of 2011–2017, the index of physical volume of investments in fixed assets in the whole of the Russian Federation amounted to only 98.9%. The main indicator of innovation activity – the share of organizations implementing technological innovations – even among the leaders of innovation activity in the Northwestern Federal District, St. Petersburg, in 2017 amounted to 14.5%, which is several times less than in most countries of the European Union. In other regions of the Northwestern Federal District, the indicator was below 10%. Thus, to realize the possibilities of digitalization, priority should be given to digital business transformation based on improving the business climate and increasing the level of investment and innovation activity. 10.18721/JE.13404 332.142 investment innovation region digitalization digital transformation of enterprises digital models efficiency of digitalization https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.4/ 04_Nikolaev%2C-Mahotaeva%2C-Gusarova.pdf

RAR RUS 57-73 Ryzhkova Marina marybox@inbox.ru Spitsin Vladislav spitsin_vv@mail.ru Drivers of growth and incentive measures for the development of high-tech industries The tasks of accelerating industrial development are the most discussed issues in modern history. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that these issues have become so significant in recent decades due to the growth of high-tech knowledge-based industries, so that new answers to old questions are required in order to protect and promote these advanced areas. The logic of the presented research is determined by the question: how and from which side to approach the solution of Russian high-tech industries lagging from global trends? To find the answer, we started by identifying areas of research, those points which with efforts put in them can lead to effective results. We analyzed the classifications of high-tech industries and indicators of their development. Next, we highlighted the concept of “growth driver” and substantiated its difference from similar concepts. Based on a bibliographic search, we expanded and justified the list of high-tech growth drivers, describe their specifics for Russian economy. Using the example of two leading high-tech industries in Russia (pharmaceuticals and electronics) we revealed contemporary global trends in the development of industries, which include deepening specialization, on the one hand, and reducing the number of players in the market, on the other. Relative to the current state of pharmaceutical and electronic production, a role in the world division of labor and the prospect of its improvement in the near future, as well as the role of the state in this process are shown. Then we suggested a generalized list of stimulating measures (or growth drivers) for the development of high-tech industries in Russia and other countries. As a result, we concluded that state stimulation of high-tech industries development has a short-term, situational and limited effect with no integration into global technological trends. This integration does not imply domination in the high-tech market, but is more like a small success resulting from large investments. 10.18721/JE.13405 332.146:316.422.44(571.16) high-tech industries; drivers of growth; innovations; industrial policies; industry policies https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.5/ 05_Rizhkova%2C-Spitsin.pdf

RAR RUS 74-82 M-5500-2013 55982236800 0000-0003-4513-9201 Safiullin Azat safiullin.ar@gmail.com

Kremlyovskaya St.,18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008

Gubaidullina Asiliar asiliar@yandex.ru Modeling scenarios for increasing the investment attractiveness of the processing ingustry of the Republic of Tatarstan The article discusses a methodological approach to the selection of investment-attractive sectors of regional economies in conditions of risk and uncertainty. The current situation in the national economies in the world is due to the serious influence of the pandemic on all economic processes taking place in the economy. This kind of destabilization of the economy and public life was difficult to predict and, moreover, it was difficult to quickly develop measures to overcome the crisis and eliminate its consequences. The global pandemic and the economic crisis caused by the pandemic once again prove the presence of a risk component in business activities. In addition, the current crisis indicates the need to create universal methods for early recognition and rapid overcoming of crises. The issue of managing economic systems under conditions of risk and uncertainty is becoming especially important in modern realities, at the macro level, as well as the micro and meso levels. At the same time, one of the urgent tasks facing the regional governance structures of Russia is the issue of attracting borrowed funds to the economy and industry. The proposed method for identifying investment-attractive industries in the region under conditions of risk and uncertainty has been tested on the example of the manufacturing industry of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan. The manufacturing industry occupies a significant share in the industrial profile of Tatarstan and has the greatest impact on the economy. We analyzed the period of 2014‒2018 and gave indicators for 2017‒2018 according to the all-Russian classifier of types of economic activity, which was in force until 2016. The research used the scenario method. During the study, three scenarios were modeled: pessimistic, neutral and optimistic. We determined the localization coefficient to select commercially viable industries. Using the pessimistic scenario, we modeled an aggregate conditional level of risk inherent to the entire manufacturing sector of the region’s economy. The individual investment risk of each type of economic activity in the manufacturing industry is determined through the neutral and optimistic models. 10.18721/JE.13406 332.1 investment attractiveness investment risk manufacturing types of economic activity localization region production forces https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.6/ 06_Safiullin%2C-Gubaydullina.pdf

RAR RUS 83-96 Asaturova Yuliya julia.asaturova@bk.ru Koshman Aleksey 4330732@gmail.com Substantiation of key financial and economic indicators for assessing the innovative activity of an enterprise Creation of favorable conditions for innovation in entrepreneurial activity is one of the key factors in the formation of a developed market economy. Sustainable development of economic entities in the long term is possible only with accelerating innovative activity, contributing to the effective elimination of threats and instability of the economic environment. However, at present, based on the results of statistical studies, we can conclude that the innovative activity of Russian small and medium-sized businesses is insufficient. First of all, this is due to the lack of financial resources, the high cost of innovations, as well as the insufficient potential of organizations for innovative activities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the essence of the innovative activity of an enterprise and to substantiate key financial and economic indicators that assess the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses. The paper investigates the main provisions of the theory of innovation, clarifies the concepts of innovative activity, innovative susceptibility and innovative potential of an enterprise. We introduce “innovative potential” of an enterprise as the degree of its susceptibility to innovation and analyze the external and internal factors influencing the innovative activity of Russian enterprises. The relationship between the increase in the innovative potential of the enterprise and the growth of its innovative activity is shown. The concept of innovative activity is defined as a measure of the intensity of innovative activity, manifested in the number and speed of innovative projects implemented by an enterprise within the boundaries of its innovative potential. We consider the sources of financing the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses and identify ways to stimulate the innovative activity of enterprises. It is shown that ensuring a stable financial position of an enterprise is one of the decisive conditions for the growth of its innovative activity. Indicators for assessing the activities of the enterprise have been determined, the maintenance of which within the required limits will help to increase the investment attractiveness of the enterprise and the growth of its innovative potential. We formulate the main ways of increasing the innovative activity of the enterprise and its innovative potential, which determines the relevance of this study. 10.18721/JE.13407 658 innovative activity innovative potential entrepreneurship theory of innovation efficiency https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.7/ 07_Asaturova%2C-Koshman.pdf

RAR RUS 97-108 56502340400 0000-0002-1685-2625 Russian State University for the Humanities Vertakova Yulia vertakova@rambler.ru

Miusskaya sq. 6, Moscow, 125047, Russia

Feoktistova Tatyana tvfeoktistova@fa.ru Promotion of small business on municipal level Russia is entering a nascent next global economic crisis with a tendency of low economic growth rates and insufficient export demand for raw energy sources. In such conditions, state authorities pose a search for new sources of income for the country as the most important task. One of them may be the development of small and medium-sized enterprises which provide from 50 to 60% of GDP in economically developed countries. Today, Russia has already adopted numerous regulatory documents governing the development and promotion of small business. However, on the municipal level, where small business is actually emerging, there is no incentive for government officials to support it. This is largely due to the basic principles of building a budget system for the distribution of powers between the center, regions, municipalities, as enshrined in the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, and the corresponding financial policy. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals to stimulate the interests of the local administration in the development of small businesses in the current legal field of intergovernmental relations regulated by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted on the basis of statistics provided by the Office of the Federal Tax Service for the Kursk region and the Finance Committee of the Kursk region. We proved that the main indicator for identifying trends in the development of small business in municipalities may be the dynamics of a single tax levied according to the simplified taxation system. We suggest changes to the laws of the Kursk region to increase the revenue base of budgets of municipalities depending on the dynamics of small business development. 10.18721/JE.13408 338 local budgets tax revenues small business financial incentives https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.8/ 08_Vertakova%2C-Feoktistova.pdf

RAR RUS 109-122 Gorshkova Ludmila gorla@mail.ru Sandulyak Svetlana sbs2009@mail.ru Integrated system determinant of development strategy and assessment of business sustainability In the current situation associated with the onset of the widespread economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, when production, financial markets, consumer demand for goods and services stopped at the same time, the concept of maintaining and developing business sustainability is becoming increasingly relevant. With fewer losses, those enterprises that can build viable business models in a timely manner have a chance to overcome the crisis. Orientation of organizations’ development strategies to the global sustainable development goals adopted by the global business community provides significant benefits for companies and increases business stability. Studies by international consultants show that Russian companies have not yet developed a full understanding of the importance and necessity of using sustainable development goals in their strategic and operational plans. The authors of the article consider five determinants that form, according to the authors, a complex system: intellectual; financial, informational, environmental and situational sustainability. The paper presents a brief description of the identified determinants and analyzes the research results of foreign and domestic scientists. It provides individual indicators, criteria, tools and methods for assessing the stability of each determinant and identifies problem areas. In practice, the assessment of the sustainability of different elements of a business is most often carried out separately from each other without taking into account their interdependence and mutual influence, which has negative consequences for balancing the strategic goals of the enterprise. The article proposes the use of a “cross-cutting” approach in assessing the sustainability of basic determinants and their integration with the global goals of sustainable development. The authors propose an element-by-element composition of the complex system of determinants (CSD), as well as describe and illustrate the three-level scheme of the relationship between the CSD and the global sustainable development goals in a structured way. The first and second levels represent global goals of sustainable development, grouped by their focus (economic, environmental, social). The third internal level (core) of the scheme is an economic entity with a set of determinants to be evaluated for their resistance to external and internal influences. The article lists the advantages of the integration of sustainable development goals in the business strategy of enterprises, which ensure the success of the business entity. 10.18721/JE.13409 338.24 determinant strategy sustainable development goals sustainability intellectual capital financial sustainability information sustainability environmental sustainability situational sustainability https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.84.9/ 09_Gorshkova%2C-Sandulyak.pdf