2782-6015
π-Economy
13
2
2020
1-129
RAR
RUS
7-17
Metlyakhin
Alexander
metlyahin.ai@yandex.ru
Nikitina
Nadezhda
nikitina.vologda@list.ru
Yrygina
Lyubov'
dasha.lyubasha@yandex.ru
Orlova
Elvira
orlovaeo@mail.ru
Analysis of the impact of economy digitalization on labor productivity in Russia
Digital economy is viewed as a tool to provide competitiveness of the state and high standards of living. The economic basis for improving the welfare of all citizens and the growth of the state’s economy as a whole is an increase in labor productivity. At the same time, one of the main factors of labor productivity growth is scientific and technical progress in general, as well as the introduction of digital technologies and computerization of labor in particular. This article is concerned with the research of the key factors of digitalization affecting the level of labor productivity in the regions of the Russian Federation, and assessing their significance. The methodological basis of the research is the econometric model building. Data on labor productivity and digital factors were considered for the regions of the Russian Federation. The control variables used were the number of employees in the regional economy and the share of depreciation of fixed assets, which reflected the impact on productivity of factors such as labor and capital. The development of digitalization in the last
decade has led to an expansion of the range of indicators of the digital economy covered by statistical observation. Therefore, the models were built with the use of two sets of numerical indicators: in the period from 2011 to 2017 and from 2006 to 2017. Panel regression models with random and fixed effects were developed. The Hausman specification test showed significant differences in models with random and fixed effects. We revealed a significant positive impact of such factors as computerization of workplaces, use of server equipment, appliance of mobile subscriber devices and the broadband Internet connection to workplaces in organizations which require a high degree of automation. Whether or not the companies had a website or the majority of their PCs had Internet connection posed practically no impact on the lev el of labor productivity.
10.18721/JE.13201
330.43, 331.101
digital economy
digitalization
labor productivity
digital factors
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.1/
01_Metlyahin%2C-Nikitina%2C-Yarigin%2C-Orlova.pdf
RAR
RUS
18-29
Balashova
Elena
elenabalashova@mail.ru
Maiorova
Kseniia
xs-ksu123@mail.ru
Analysis of directions of digital technologies introduction into industrial complex
In the last decade, advanced digital technologies have been actively introduced into the industrial complex leading to increased efficiency of enterprises through changes in their internal business processes, as well as modernization of all production facilities. Further active adoption f digital technologies and their practical application in national industrial companies will open even greater opportunities and economic benefits. As a result, the use of digital technologies in complex solutions will change the business environment, as well as increase competition for all industry enterprises. According to most experts, the scale of this transformation requires a systemic targeted vision of digitalization at the industry level. In the new conditions of development and
digital transformation of the industrial complex, enterprises must face new challenges, develop internal business processes, focusing on new factors affecting the functioning and improvement of production. At this stage, this is possible thanks to the use of digital technologies, as well as the active development of new products of the industrial sector of the economy, which have completely new functions. This process will be possible in case of involvement of all participants of industrial transformation and digitization of all production processes. The transition to the digital platform
of the industrial complex implies the transition of vertical and horizontal relationships between producer companies and customers, contractors, transport companies to digital format. Thus, a single digital industrial space will create a monitoring tool for the industrial complex of the Russian
Federation, which will allow to react and make management decisions quickly. A digital space of this type will help national enterprises to become faster, more flexible and more competitive in both domestic and international markets. This study describes the modern technological way of digital economy. The authors analyzed digital transformation of domestic industrial enterprises in modern conditions and identified the main directions of introduction of digital technologies into the industrial complex.
10.18721/JE.13202
316.72
igitalization
industrial complex
industrial economy
industry 4.0
digital economy
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.2/
02_Balashova%2C-Mayorova.pdf
RAR
RUS
30-39
Muminov
Nozim
nozim.muminov@mail.ru
Zahirova
Gulnora
zakhirova.gulnora@yandex.ru
The role of public procurement in the digitalization of the economy and adoption of e-commerce
One of the important directions in digitizing economic processes is the need to introduce modern information technologies and e-commerce systems into the public procurement system. The aim of the study is to analyse the stages of digitalization of the public procurement system. The commodity exchange plays an important role in the effective functioning of the public procurement system. The study determined the role of the trading platform, its organizational and legal forms and functions in public procurement through the commodity exchange. The article describes in detail the process of placing an order at the stage of public procurement, as well as the process of fulfilling a contract by a supplier. The article describes the procedure for organizing tenders, the conditions and procedure for participation in tenders. The article provides some suggestions for further improving the public procurement system: development and implementation of a national classification of goods (services) in the public procurement system that meets international and national standards; an increase in the number of operators working in the public procurement information portal system, and, consequently, an increase in the competitive environment, etc.
10.18721/JE.13203
339.3.025.422
state procurement
digitalization
exchange
trading platform
broker
lot
customer
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.3/
03_Muminov%2C-Zahirova.pdf
RAR
RUS
40-52
57222509570
0000-0002-1801-4326
Makhmudova
Guljahon
National university of Uzbekistan
neguma@mail.ru
V-1094-2019
56968223000
0000-0002-0941-6358
Babkin
Alexander
Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University
babkin@nic.spbstu.ru
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
Theoretical aspects of innovative development in conditions of economic modernization: tendencies, analyses and future opportunities
The article reveals the essence of modernization and its high relevance. The authors study world experience of economic modernization and its features in various countries, factors influencing it and principles providing efficient modernization of national economies. The article analyzes the theoretical evolution
of scientific concepts dedicated to economic modernization. The article elaborates on the models of economic modernization used in international practice, their criteria, classification, general and specific features of functioning. The article reveals the necessity and problems of economic modernization in Uzbekistan. The Strategy of actions on five priority directions of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017‒2021, considers improving competitiveness of national economy by means of deepening structural transformations, modernization and diversification of its leading industries as the main direction. The authors also analyzed the profitability indicators on the example of some enterprises of different industries and the role of technological progress in production. Sustained economic growth in the world practice of the majority of the developed countries is provided on the basis of innovative factors, by implementation of the program of modernization of national economy and its structural transformations. Developing countries perform a transition to a way of innovative progress on the basis of modernization of economy and diversification of its components. Adoption of a project of modernization of social and economic development of the country is followed by a strategy covering the industry, investments and innovative policy.
The object of the research is the economic modernization, innovative processes, trends and prospects of economic development of the CIS countries. The subject of the research is a complex of economic relations arising during the development and implementation of the National Economy Modernization
Program. The purpose of the research is development of systematic scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at further improving the theoretical foundations of the modernization models of the national economy and increasing the effectiveness of its implementation mechanism. Tasks of Research. Describe and classify the modernization of economy as an economic category; research and development stages of scientific concepts of modernization of the economy; analyze the essence, necessity, principles, features and factors of modernization of the economy; classification of economic modernization models by their criteria and their general aspects; studying the experience of applying modernization models used in the world economy and elaborating scientific proposals and practical recommendations on the use of Uzbekistan in practice; development of the priorities of the Uzbek economy's modernization strategy and transition to innovative development; elaboration of alternative scenarios for the acceleration of transition to the modernization of the national economy and the transition to the innovative development in the long term. As a result of the research, the authors present their own definition of modernization of economy as an economic category. Uzbekistan displays modernization of the “catching-up” model. Efficient implementation of this model, introduction of structural transformations creates necessary conditions for implementation of deep structural shifts in national economy. We prove that effective implementation of the program of modernization of national economy and structural shifts require gross investments at a level of 25‒35% in the period of 20‒30 years.
10.18721/JE.13204
338.4:339.727.22 (575.1)
modernization of economy
models of modernization
investments
principles of profitability
technological progress
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.4/
04_Mahmudova%2C-Babkin.pdf
RAR
RUS
53-63
Oparin
Sergey
oparinsg@mail.ru
Optimal risk management technology as a tool for ensuring the reliability of solutions made in the digital economy
The modern stage of risk management development is marked by discrepancy between the implemented risk management systems and the real risk situation, and the degree of their impact on the goals, results and effectiveness of organizations. Based on the principles of the process approach and
the digital paradigm of risk management, the concept of optimal risk management was formulated for the first time and a technology for its implementation was proposed by optimal structural and parametric synthesis of unstructured integrated risk management system, taking into account the methods and extent of risk treatment. Optimal management is considered as a problem of optimal structural and parametric synthesis of RMS using effectiveness criteria - optimality criteria or excellence criteria, depending on the purpose and statement of the problem. The problem belongs to the class of multiextremal nonlinear programming problems with distributed variables of mixed type and functional constraints in the form of inequalities, which was solved using digital risk assessment methods developed by the author, global random search procedures and mixed-integer optimization models of block type. To assess the comparative effectiveness of risk treatment methods, a modification of the Houston model was developed according to the criterion of the value of organization, provided that the goal was achieved and resources were limited. An important difference in the Houston model modification is the cost
assessment of risk in terms of the “cost of risk”. The author’s research and the practice of optimal design show that the use of structural and parametric optimization technology and mixed-integer optimization models of block type can lead to a significant, on average, 50-60%, increase in the RMS effectiveness. The new digital risk management paradigm is logical, reflects the result of modern digital technologies introduction in risk management practice, provides for the rejection of the hypothesis about the normal distribution of the output parameters of the ecosystem under study, and the preservation of the required information content of the “digit” in the context of process approach. The use of digital technologies and methods of optimal risk management provides the reliability of economic solutions important for practical purposes and provides new opportunities for effective management in the digital economy.
10.18721/JE.13205
658; 005
optimal risk management concept
process approach
integrated risk management system
optimal structural and parametric synthesis
digital method of risk assessment
risk level
cost of risk
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.5/
05_Oparin.pdf
RAR
RUS
64-78
Serdyukova
Larisa
komserd@mail.ru
Bashirzade
Ramila R.k.
ramila_b@mail.ru
Pakhomova
Alla
pakhomova45@list.ru
Digital platforms for development of innovative transport logistic systems
The article is devoted to the analysis and solution of a problem of innovative transport and logistics system on a digital platform. The research topic is relevant due to the urgent need for a new, innovative approach to creating a transport and logistics system based on modern digital technologies. The authors formulate the provisions of a conceptual approach to the creation of a common digital platform characterized by the use of the integrated logistics paradigm as the basic concept of managing the interaction of market entities in the supply chain “supplier-transport company-consumer”. It serves as the basis for the introduction of telematics principles in the operational management of the transport and logistics system. We consider recommendations on the creation of joint digital platform for participants of the transport and logistics system in the context of focus on solving the problems of operational impact on the flow of goods, increasing the speed and quality of customer service. We consider the concept of “innovative transport and logistics system” and define the role of digitalization in the process of creating a transport and logistics system. To increase the efficiency of the management process of the transport and logistics system of an innovative nature on the basis of the process approach the stages of its formation have been developed. For each of the stages the authors propose to apply information technologies determined by the nature of its results. The experience of the development and implementation of innovative products in transport logistics is analyzed, the existing shortcomings are revealed, in particular, related to satellite tracking systems, the influence of the human factor on the results of operations, poor attention to the development of innovations in the transport and logistics system for the integration of warehouse and transport facilities. We conclude that while many technologies, systems and programs that allow you to
track and determine the location of both the vehicle and the cargo separately are in operation, the formation of innovative transport and logistics system on a digital platform remains relevant and unresolved. When developing and implementing the stages of forming an innovative transport and logistics system, certain prerequisites should be taken into account, including organizational ones (analysis of processes and functions performed by subjects of transport and logistic interaction, creation of a regulatory legal field, development and approval of technological standards and information exchange protocols); technological (ensuring efficient online interaction during logistics operations, implementation of support for users of the CDP in the remote access mode with transaction partners; implementation of technological interfaces to systems containing transport and logistics information).
10.18721/JE.13206
330
innovative transport and logistics system
digital platform
information technology
analysis
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.6/
06_Serdyukova%2C-Bashirzade%2C-Pahomova.pdf
RAR
RUS
79-90
Koch
Yulia
sidorova.iulia2010@yandex.ru
Degtereva
Victoria
Territories with a special legal regime of economic activity as an instrument of regional innovative policy
One of the instruments of the regional policy is the establishment of special legal regimes of economic activity within the boundaries of a certain territory aimed at solving various tasks. Such tasks include accelerating and integrating economic processes, attracting investments, developing territories, production, and innovative activities, as well as aligning the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The authors focus on the essence of such an instrument of regional policy as special legal regimes of economic activity established within the boundaries of a territory. The authors’ methods of research included analysis, generalization, systematization, comparison, interpretation, juxtaposition. The authors analysed basic existing forms of spatial organization of innovative economy, administrative and legal regimes, specified the definitions of the reviewed forms, the requirements and potential scale of an organization, composition of participants, availability of investments, essence of governmental participation
and regulation, existing measures of support, procedures of creation and termination, terms of functioning and etc. The authors conclude the instrument under consideration is overly widespread and territorial zoning is used excessively, while often falling short of high expectations and providing no sufficient economic effect. The conclusions made by the authors may help with further studies on integration processes in innovative environment, to determine ways, forms and methods of perspective development of the innovative infrastructure in the future.
10.18721/JE.13207
338.1; 332.12; 332.13; 338.23; 339.972; 334.0
regional economy
territorial zoning
special legal regimes
innovations
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.7/
07_Koh%2C--Degtyareva.pdf
RAR
RUS
91-99
Artamonova
Olga
artamonova-olga@inbox.ru
Zlobina
Natalya
zlobinanv@bk.ru
Karganova
Alina
A.y.alferova@yandex.ru
Implementing of knowledge economy standards for quality management development of organization
Quality management is an integral part of the management of any organization. It includes effective management of all resources of the organization, including knowledge. For the digital economy, knowledge becomes the most valuable resource. The volume of intellectual assets and their management efficiency largely determine the success of the organization. Digital technologies are able to process large amounts of data, effectively structure and process them, as well as protect data from unauthorized access. These technologies will certainly be useful for various branches of modern management. Quality management is one of the most important branches of modern organization because of the ever-increasing expectations and demands of consumers, as well as competition and globalization. Thus, knowledge management is becoming an increasingly important task for every Russian enterprise. International and domestic standards offer recommendations for knowledge management, but they are not widely implemented. Many organizations have a need for knowledge management as an element of quality management of the organization, as well as a mechanism of its management. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing international and Russian regulatory framework for knowledge management
and to determine the possibility of using knowledge management technologies for the development of quality management of the organization. In the course of the study the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, study of normative documents, modeling. Results: the research studied international and national standards of the Russian Federation for knowledge management and identified process- oriented knowledge management for the development of quality management of the organization. This process combines the approaches of quality management and human resource management and is aimed at providing the necessary level of knowledge of employees and systematization of knowledge of the organization. Directions for further research: the formation of the domestic methodological base for knowledge management, training in knowledge management and the use of knowledge management in the practice of Russian enterprises.
10.18721/JE.13208
658.5
digital economy
digitalization
knowledge management
knowledge
quality management
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.8/
08_Artamonova%2C-Zlobina%2C-Karganova.pdf
RAR
RUS
100-109
Zahirova
Gulnora
zakhirova.gulnora@yandex.ru
Development of non-governmental educational services in the conditions of digital economy
With the transition to market relations, the demand for educational services increases, but the state cannot fully satisfy it due to a lack of budgetary funds. The contradiction between the increasing educational demands and the possibilities of satisfying them only on a state basis are the reason for the emergence of the non-state sector in the education system. One of the main tasks of higher education institutions around the world is the training and retraining of qualified personnel that meet the requirements and technologies of our time. The creation of new and innovative higher education institutions, the creation of online forms of training, and new methods for the training and retraining of young specialists are progressive reforms in the field of education. In the context of the digitalization of the economy, the demand for educational services is growing many times over, as the modern labour market needs personnel with additional knowledge in the field of information technology. The main source of development of the digital economy are specialists trained to work with information technology. If, on the one hand, the requirements for training in information technology are included in the professional standards for teachers, then on the other hand, preparation for using IT goes beyond technical competencies and requires an expanded understanding of the methodological preparation of teachers for work in the electronic educational environment. It should be noted that in the digital
economy, many workers could become unclaimed due to wide employment of artificial intelligence. But along with this, new professions necessary in every branch of the economy will appear. And the training of such personnel in a short period of time can be carried out by non-governmental educational institutions using information technology.
10.18721/JE.13209
338.001.36
digital economy
innovative economy
labor market
centralized education
knowledge economy
non-governmental education services
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.9/
09_Zahirova.pdf
RAR
RUS
110-119
Kulakov
Mikhail
mkulakov39@yandex.ru
Vinogradov
Artem
artem.a.vinogradov@gmail.com
Study on the impact of e-commerce development on inflation in the euro area
This article explores the impact of e-commerce development on inflation in the euro area. Low inflation in the euro area has been a concern for policymakers since the global economic crisis. Economic growth and inflation have recovered in many countries, but in the euro area, growth has remained sluggish and inflation low. As a result, to reach its inflation target the European Central Bank cut its policy rate to zero and implemented several non-standard monetary measures. The possible cause of the disinflation could be digitalization and e-commerce development. With the development of digital technology and the internet, company competition may increase, and costs will decrease. The main hypothesis of the study is that the developing e-commerce sector may channel into lower
consumer inflation. The e-commerce development was measured by two indicators, namely a share of online purchases by individuals and a share of purchases by enterprises via a computer network. To evaluate the impact of e-commerce, a panel database on 19 euro area countries was compiled. Initially, a cross country analysis shows no negative relationship between e-commerce development measures and inflation. However, a basic linear panel model with fixed effects and a panel vector autoregression showed negative impact of e-commerce development and digitalization on inflation. As a result of a panel analysis, the hypothesis of the disinflationary impact of e-commerce was generally confirmed. However, given a weak relationship between e-commerce development and inflation in a basic crosscountry analysis, the negative relationship was likely attributable to the ongoing upward e-commerce development trend. The trend has a natural cap of 100%, meaning that this disinflationary factor will eventually fade away. For many countries, in 2019, the share of online purchases by the population was below 50%. Should the trend stop, inflation in the euro area may accelerate. Among other factors hindering the e-commerce development and digitalization are tighter information technology regulation and worsening international trade relations.
10.18721/JE.13210
338.2
e-commerce
digitalization
inflation
eurozone
panel linear model
PVAR
monetary policy
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.10/
10_Kulakov%2C-Vinogradov.pdf
RAR
RUS
120-128
Novikova
Olga
Novikova-Olga1970@yandex.ru
Nyemb Bekoume
S.
nyembsuze@yahoo.fr
Konnikov
Evgenii
konnikov.evgeniy@gmail.com
TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ENERGY SECURITY OF THE DECENTRALIZED POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR ENTERPRISES IN CAMEROON
The development of the energy system in Cameroon is linked to the electricity supply and demand market. In recent years, the place of development of small and medium-size enterprises has began to have a significant impact on the balance of consumption. The choice of a specific scheme for the operation of a decentralized electricity supply system for enterprises in Cameroon should be based on objective criteria. Depending on the goals of the enterprise, this criterion can be the cost of implementing the project, discounted cash income, profitability growth with a predetermined forecast horizon, and many others. The choice of this criterion is associated with a multi – factor analysis of the goals of the enterprise and the specifics of its functioning, and the set of possible variations of this criterion can be conditionally designated as "Economic criteria". The article presents a tool for determining a comprehensive criterion for assessing the level of energy security of the decentralized power supply system for small and medium-sized businesses in Cameroon. The tasks solved in the framework of the study allow us to develop a system of economic management tools in energy systems. This tool can be widely used in the development of decentralized electricity supply for small and medium-sized businesses that are experiencing problems with the reliability of electricity supply. This will eventually create a more sustainable system for developing this sector of the economy.A characteristic feature of determining the key economic indicator is the dependence on the energy supply system. In one case it can only be revenue, in the second case it can be profitability and revenue, and in the third case profit, revenue and profitability. Perhaps a similar tool can be developed for the energy supply systems of enterprises in other countries.
10.18721/JE.13211
338.45
energy security
economic criteria
decentralized power supply system
integrated analysis
small and medium- sized enterprises
integrated assessment tool
fuzzy set theory
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.82.11/