π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-19 Ivanov Kirill k.ivanov@iitp.ru Balyakin Artem Balyakin_AA@nrcki.ru Malyshev Andrey Malyshev_AS@nrcki.ru Big data technologies as a national security instrument As one of the particular features of digitalization, big data technologies are considered. They are expected to be an integral part of the emerging digital society. The main characteristics of this phenomenon are presented, various approaches to the legal regulation of big data turnover in different countries are discussed. It is noted that up to date, the term «big data» has not received an unambiguous legal definition in any of the world jurisdictions yet. A gradual shift in the definition of big data from quantitative to qualitative characteristics is shown; Moreover, in the legal field, understanding of big data as a process rather than an object often prevails. The importance of big data technologies for the economic development of society is described; the main characteristics of big data technologies are given. It is indicated that the changes caused by innovative technologies are institutionally dependent. It is shown that a mandatory requirement for the development of new technologies should be the consideration of their social consequences, which is equivalent to the formation of a scientific culture of digital infrastructure implementation. Three approaches to the formation of digital reality by the state are formulated (prohibitions and restrictions, standardization and development of infrastructure, both physical and digital). A number of risks and challenges associated with the introduction of new technologies are discussed. Consideration of big data technology through the prism of national security is proposed. Based on the experience of handling big data in the scientific field, a number of actions have been formulated to reduce the threats associated with the introduction of new digital technologies. The idea is emphasized that state policy in the field of digital technologies should be based on the logic of regulation of those entities over which physical control is possible. In particular, the idea of the impossibility and unnecessary total control of the turnover of big data and the futility of prohibitions are upheld. It is proposed to focus on the development of appropriate infrastructure in the Russian Federation, including the localization of data processing centers in the Russian Federation in order to ensure national security interests. 10.18721/JE.13101 339.972;004.67; 338.2 big data national security socio-economic development digitalization digital economy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.1/ 01_Ivanov-Balyakin-Malishev.pdf

RAR RUS 20-30 Badenko Vladimir vbadenko@gmail.com Bolshakov Nikolai nikolaybolshakov7@gmail.com Fedotov Alexander alexandrefedotov@gmail.com Iadykin Vladimir Digital twins of complex technical objects in industry 4.0: basic approaches The development of digital technologies capture a significant part of the economy and production, as well as business and management processes. Asset owners are given the opportunity to become additionally owners of digital assets, while the need for conceptual approaches and digital asset management is growing. The problem associated with the development and production of facilities is related to the discrepancy between as-built and as-designed facilities or complex technical systems. During the stages of design, construction and operation, the actually manufactured (i.e. as-built) complex technical object (or production infrastructure) differs, sometimes significantly, from the designed (as-designed), and at the same time inconsistency between the created production and production infrastructure within which it should operate grows. Solving the problem of discrepancy between the actually created and designed facility or the complex technical system, in the absence of digital technologies, requires considerable time for the so-called “trial operation”, during which the discrepancies are eliminated and a mechanism for managing production and production infrastructure in real conditions is developed. With the development of the digital economy, the need for digitalization of asset management is growing. An analysis of existing information technologies shows that there is a possibility of reducing the cost of production and operation of an asset by concentrating the main costs at the design stage. The article discusses basic approaches to organizing the life cycle management of technical systems, production and infrastructure in the context of global digitalization which become a useful tool for reduction of trial operation time. Further directions of research are formulated. 10.18721/JE.13102 338.22.021.2 Asset management digital asset digital twin as-built BIM industry 4.0 maintenance real estate management https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.2/ 02_Badenko-Bolshakov-Fedotov-Yadikin.pdf

RAR RUS 31-42 Korsunova Nadezhda nadegdacorsunova2@gmail.com Introduction of financial technologies to improve banking services for corporate clients The article deals with measures to introduce innovations in the service of corporate clients by Russian banks. The approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «innovation» are analyzed, the trends of stimulating the development of financial technologies are highlighted, and the key principles of the Bank's innovative activity are considered. The author considers a specific model of formal assessment of the quality of innovative banking services for corporate clients. It consists of four blocks, for each of which a numerical assessment of the quality of the results obtained is possible. The model allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of using a certain banking strategy at a certain stage of development of banking innovations in servicing corporate clients. Special attention is paid to ensuring the equality of participants in the relationship (banks and customers) and the openness of the necessary information for them; the distributed register copes with this task. In the final part of the article, the author gives his own systematization of clients from the point of view of readiness for innovation and a list of the main innovative changes in the service of corporate clients by banks. 10.18721/JE.13103 336.01 corporate clients innovations global trends banking services banking technologies https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.3/ 03_Korsunova.pdf

RAR RUS 43-54 Daniliuk. Elena daniluk@niei.by Access to the ICT services market: comparative analysis of the factors of the negotiating position of the Republic of Belarus within the WTO The intensive growth of the ICT services market, the high potential of the ICT industry, its importance for the competitiveness and innovative development of the national economy are important reasons for agreeing the most favorable conditions for access to the ICT services market. The aim of the study is to identify factors to justify the negotiating position of the Republic of Belarus on access to the ICT services market within the GATS/WTO. Author has studied OECD’s brief sector notes about services trade restrictiveness index (STRI) and the schedules of specific commitments of the EU, Canada, the USA and Ukraine. These states are in the Working Party on Belarus’ Accession to the WTO and they are still negotiating access to the services market. The comparative analysis concerned three sectors of the ICT market: computer, telecommunications, audiovisual. Access to the computer services market is the most open. The main measures of limitations on market access are restrictions to movement of people. Canada, the USA, Ukraine open the market as much as possible, limiting presence of natural persons through their horizontal commitments. Eight EU’s countries have additional requirements for some specialties. Barriers to competition are the main measures to restrict access to the telecommunications market. Canada, the USA, the EU strictly regulate access to the market of basic services through limitations of commercial presence. The Ukrainian market is open as much as possible. Canada, the USA and Ukraine fully open their markets to enhanced or value-added services. The EU makes the same commitments regardless of the type of service. Access to the audiovisual services market is most restricted. The main measures are restrictions of foreign entry. The EU, Canada, Ukraine do not undertake commitments to open their markets. The United States strictly regulates access to the market for radio and television broadcasting services. Sector and country recommendations should be the basis for the position of the Republic of Belarus in bilateral negotiations, concerning the access to its ICT services market. Sector recommendations take into account widespread trade policy measures in foreign countries. Country recommendations are about the principles of regulation of ICT market subsectors in a particular country. It is also necessary to take into account national regulatory practices and future development of the ICT market, to have an idea about positive and negative effects of its opening. 10.18721/JE.13104 339.13:004+339.54:061.1 ICT services access to the market of services trade services restrictions STRI Index specific commitments GATS WTO the Republic of Belarus https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.4/ 04_Danilyuk.pdf

RAR RUS 55-64 Shirov Petr V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Danilova Valeria Priorities of investment policy of the state in the system of ensuring economic security of the real sector of the economy In the conditions of post-crisis recovery of the national economy, the existing development models do not meet the priorities of economic security. The main reason for this is the lack of growth in the real sector of the economy, due to the low level of investment activity of economic entities. The result is a lack of sustainable economic growth, increased dependence on imports of high-tech products and reduced competitiveness of domestic enterprises in global markets. The article proposes a model for assessing financial flows taking into account probabilistic internal and external factors affecting the implementation of investment projects selected according to the criteria of economic, budgetary and social efficiency. The results of economic and mathematical modeling demonstrate that with almost identical volumes of loans and budget guarantees, taking into account refinancing, it is possible to increase the number of financed business entities by 37 % more than in the case of absence of guarantee schemes. Thus, combining the resources of the state and business will significantly improve the financial and credit support of business entities by reducing the price and increasing the size of the parameters of borrowed capital, diversifying the timing of its intended use and facilitating the conditions for obtaining to achieve a socially and economically significant effect. The main criteria for the competitive selection of investment projects for the provision of state guarantees should be the following: economic and budgetary efficiency of the project; availability of production base and qualified personnel necessary for its implementation; share of own funds in the total volume of attracted resources; number of newly created jobs; ratio of wages of employees to the corresponding industry average in the region. 10.18721/JE.13105 332.144 economic security investment project financing state guarantees https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.5/ 05_Shirov-Babkin-Danilova.pdf

RAR RUS 65-78 Rubtsov Gennady genadij.rubtzov@yandex.ru Litvinenko Alexander Lanfk@mail.ru Bolshakova Lyudmila blv5505@mail.ru Development trends of domestic innovation policy on the example of the NWFD The development of innovation is the most important component of any state that claims to be a leader in the global economic system. Until recently, the authorities, the business community, and society as a whole, underestimated the issue of transforming the economy towards innovative development. However, today the need for innovative development is recognized at all levels of government of the Russian Federation. Despite the tangible results in this area, the scientific community has noted many components that require significant improvement. Thus, attention is focused on the unsystematic approach to innovative development, the absence of a modern institutional innovation environment, the small scale of the innovation sphere, the presence of industry concepts in the absence of their implementation. The article examines the issue of innovative development of the domestic economy on the example of the North-West Federal District. The authors consider innovation policy by analyzing its individual elements: the regulatory framework, the tools of regional innovation policy, and research on relevant domestic institutions. Science, higher education, and high-tech production are paramount factors in ensuring the innovative development of the Northwestern Federal District, whose innovation policy is implemented in specific, in comparison with other regions, conditions and has both positive and restrictive properties. So, due to the geographical location (proximity to the western borders of the Russian Federation and ports), there is a pronounced dependence of the region’s economy on exports. One can clearly see the tendency for outstripping population decline in rural areas with their migration to progressively developing regional centers. The advantages of the NWFD include the close proximity of the region’s subjects to the largest sales markets – Moscow and St. Petersburg, the great scientific and educational potential of the district, whose “locomotive” of innovative growth is St. Petersburg, integration into the international system of diffusion of innovations through the implementation of cross-border projects cooperation, high loyalty to the NWFD from international investors, the world's largest manufacturing companies. The study allowed us to get the following results: to identify strong and weak trends in the development of innovations in the North-West Federal District, which are relevant to the innovative development of the country as a whole; to analyze the regulatory aspect of the innovation system of the Russian Federation, relevant to the NWFD; identify bottlenecks as well as points of potential growth; to characterize the main tools of innovative regional policy of the Russian Federation, to assess their advantages and disadvantages; conduct a cluster analysis of 11 subjects of the NWFD for the similarity of their innovative development. 10.18721/JE.13106 332.1 innovation policy regional economy innovation clusters industrial parks innovation https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.6/ 06_Rubtsov-Litvinenko-Bolshakova.pdf

RAR RUS 79-90 Dossou. Yedehou L. segnor2@yahoo.fr Khvatova Tatiana tatiana-khvatova@mail.ru Analysis of innovative activity of companies in developing countries on the example of West African countries In this current economic environment, dominated by the use of new technologies and strong demands for a wide range innovative goods and services by customers, innovative activity becomes an important factor for the development of the mature and new enterprises. Thus, companies which are failing to adapt to these changes or that have great difficulty in modifying their business operation are exposed to many constraints such as the disappearance of the market, or even dissipate their market share or lose their competitive position. Recently, the results of previous studies showed that in many African countries, the demand for skills has been growing in the public sector as a whole, especially in private sector, and this growth reflects the current pace of innovation. The situation requires political intervention from governments, which implies a better understanding of how innovation can be stimulated. The purpose of this article is to develop appropriate recommendations to increase the level of innovation activity of the West African countries community, therefore, their companies. And finally, make suggestions and recommendations to stimulate innovative activity in West African countries, which requires: a) developing a model for financing specific research in the region to ensure a stable distribution of resources, b) promoting the partnership of universities and companies at the national level can help to apply research to solve social problems; c) give priority to the more specific types of innovations that are characteristic of each West African country; e) support for new and existing companies to developed innovation activity. 10.18721/JE.13107 332.025 innovation innovation activity product or process innovations organizational innovations company West Africa https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.7/ 07_Dossu-Hvatova.pdf

RAR RUS 91-100 Vasetskaia Natal'ia vno@spbstu.ru 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

University classification: criteria, features, models The subject of study is University. The aim is to analyze the existing most common classifications of the University and develop a model of its genetic typology. The method is based on a categorical-system approach using the categorical method «A Number of Information Criteria» (AIC). This article discusses the problems of classification of universities caused by imperfection of methodology. The paper gives a brief overview of the most common classifications of the University, found in the works of Russian and foreign researchers, studied in detail the most representative of them. The article also critically analyzes the concepts used by researchers to classify universities. The paper examines the classification criteria underlying the systematization of universities. It is shown that none of the existing classifications is correct and justified, does not reflect the system of universities and does not allow to cover all their existing types. The article also substantiates the application of the categorical-system approach as a methodology for systematization of the species diversity of universities. The paper proposes the application of a categorical-system approach using the categorical method «A Number of Information Criteria» as a methodology for systematization of the species diversity of universities, on the basis of which the genetic typology of universities is developed. The article considers a number of information criteria reflecting the basic processes, the carriers of which are structural units (components) of the University, such as production, provision, service, consumption, research, export, self-education. A model of genetic typology of the University was developed. It is concluded that after the formation of new and more complex characteristics of a system object, such as a University, its systemic and organizational complexity increases. The obtained model of genetic topology of the University serves as a basis for the development of conceptual, structural, functional, target and evolutionary aspects of the subject area under study, as well as contribute to the development of the scientific theory of the University. 10.18721/JE.13108 37.014.54 university classification of university genetic typology of universities classification criteria categorical method of a number of information criteria https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.8/ 08_Vasetskaya-Gluhov.pdf

RAR RUS 101-110 Boev Alexey a_boev@list.ru Strategic management system of transformation of industrial enterprises The article is devoted to topical issues of management of transformation and development of industrial enterprises and complexes in the digital environment. Structural and institutional changes in the economy under the influence of digital technology and innovation determine the need to implement effective systems for managing strategic changes in production organizations. These systems allow for the balanced performance of functions and processes for the development and implementation of enterprise reform strategies and dynamically restructure their functioning models in accordance with new market requirements. These systems should be cyber-social and include a set of industrial complex management tools integrated on the basis of functional (structural, administrative, executive, methodological and other) and digital types of communications. The article offers a platform approach to the formation of a system of strategic management of industrial enterprise transformations, combining the advantages of systemic, structural-functional, institutional, digital, process, hierarchical and other methods. In accordance with this approach, the structural scheme of the system is developed and its content is substantiated. Elements of the system are aggregated into a set of specialized platforms, the key of which are: 1) digital; 2) functional; 3) process; 4) personnel; 5) organizational and structural; 6) institutional; 7) infrastructure. Platforms are integrated among themselves in a single barrier-free environment through the use of digital technology. This increases the quality and speed of managerial decision-making, and also provides flexibility and adaptability of the strategic change management system as a whole. An important competitive feature of the system is the modular structure of individual platforms, which allows you to quickly exclude, add and replace its elements, thereby optimizing the content and order of functions and processes for institutional transformation of the enterprise. For system integration in the industrial complex of the proposed conceptual algorithm consisting of three stages: 1) analysis of the company's readiness to implement the system; 2) development of implementation plan, taking into account existing constraints and opportunities; 3) deployment of the system and monitoring its efficiency. Thus, the variant of the strategic change management system presented in the study allows to administer at a qualitatively new level the activities on transformation of business models in the conditions of the digital economy at enterprises. 10.18721/JE.13109 338+658 management system strategy platform institutional transformations digital economy industrial complex enterprise https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.9/ 09_Boev.pdf

RAR RUS 114-127 Flek Mikhail rostvertol@aaanet.ru Ugnich Ekaterina ugnich77@mail.ru The enterprise human capital development in improving the training system 10.18721/JE.13110 338+658 Human capital enterprise professional and educational ecosystem self-development knowledge perceptual map https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.10/ 10_Flek-Ugnich.pdf

RAR RUS 128-140 AAH-1487-2019 0000-0001-5447-3119 Lomonosov Moscow State University Zhuravlev Denis A model of balanced development of human resources in an innovative economy In the framework of the modern paradigm of the existence of economic systems, the introduction of innovative technologies, elements of the digital economy in management, production, social and economic activities is recognized as the most important means of influencing the positive dynamics of productive forces, which is the basis for economic growth. Qualitative economic growth is possible only in the case of large-scale introduction of innovations and digital technologies. However, the implementation of these conditions in the Russian economy is fraught with difficulties due to the reduction of the working-age population and the lack of the necessary qualifications of the workforce. In turn, the lack of high-tech production hinders the creation of the required number of high-paying jobs. The article discusses the issues of quantitative assessment, based on the developed economic and mathematical model, the economic category «higher education and advanced training», which is the backbone for the regional economy, which is on the way to the innovative stage of development. The indicated category is studied as a macroeconomic characteristic of the subject of the Russian Federation. When researching a problem, finding and developing solutions, we used methods of comparative analysis, economic and mathematical modeling (regression analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis), statistical data processing methods (the official data of the Federal State Statistics Service for the period 2007–2017 are taken as the basis), as well as specially developed application software. Information support of the formed economic-mathematical model was provided by economically interpreted and commented data, reduced to a comparable form. The index method was used as a tool for quantification. A fixation is made and a meaningful description of the category «higher education and advanced training» is given. Composed numerical indicators (indices) characterizing the basic aspects of the functioning of the studied category. A calculation-experimental method has been carried out to prove the adequacy of the developed model, given a quantitative assessment using examples of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the North-West and Volga Federal Districts. The obtained results develop scientific knowledge in the field of regional economy, which contributes to the development and use of innovative methods of managing the socio-economic system of the region. The practical application of the developed methodological approaches will allow us to purposefully and reasonably solve the tasks of strategic development of priority development. 10.18721/JE.13111 338.27 business process econometrics economic category efficiency evaluation higher education management mathematical model strategy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.81.11/ 11_Zhuravlev.pdf