2782-6015
π-Economy
12
6
2019
RAR
RUS
7-25
57200260200
0000-0002-6042-2657
Pisareva
Ol'ga
State University of Management
o.m.pisareva@gmail.com
Modernization of organizational mechanism and technological scheme for strategic planning based on digital governance platform
The aim of the study is to substantiate the need and directions for modernizing technology and mechanisms of strategic planning. The regulatory and organizational support of the procedure for development and monitoring of strategic development plans in the Russian Federation was assessed. The main characteristics of the dynamics of the implementation of strategic initiatives are considered on the example of state programs at the federal level. The reasons for the negative trends identified that are associated with design flaws for multi-level strategizing mechanism are determined. The possibilities of overcoming critical dysfunctions based on building a digital platform for strategic planning technology are described. The necessity of improving the strategic planning technology in the conditions of the digital platform formation for public administration is justified. The principles and parameters of the development of strategic planning technologies in a multi-level management environment are formulated. We have determined the key characteristics and connections of the content and formalized statements of strategic planning tasks in the national system of strategic development management in the institutional field of Russian legislation. An approach to constructing a technological scheme for solving the basic tasks of strategic planning in the digital environment of a public administration system is proposed. We have found the connection of the problem of modernization of strategic planning technology with the requirement of the Russian legislation to ensure variability in the development of draft planning decisions. We have established the relationship between the formulation of the development planning task and formalized description of the task of coordinated transformation of potentials and development priorities of economic and social agents by levels and areas of activity for systems with distributed control. Given the discrete nature of strategic development for variational analysis of draft development plans, we have proposed, within the framework of general theory of system stability, to improve methods for analyzing the sensitivity of decisions in mathematical programming problems, taking into account the structural relationships between elements of formalized description of multi-level organizational systems. The implementation principles of the methodology and tools of scenario modeling in systems of technological support for strategic development management are formulated
10.18721/JE.12601
338.2:330.46
strategic planning
planning technology
digital platform
socio-economic development
scenario modeling
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.1/
01_Pisareva.pdf
RAR
RUS
26-37
Safiullin
Anton
asaf79@mail.ru
Moiseeva
Olesya
patriot_vpo@mail.ru
Digital inequality: Russia and other countries in the fourth industrial revolution
The article is dedicated to analysis of the digital divide between Russia and the leading countries in the digital world in the context of development of new information and communication technologies of Industry 4.0. The article explains the categories of digital divide and digital inequality and highlights the differences between these categories. These differences are presented in technological, social, economic and others dimensions of inequality in the modern digital world, arising not only because the subjects are integrated in digital technologies but also due to intensity and efficiency of ICT implementation and use in all fields of activity and at all levels. Development of the digital economy and society leads to the infrastructural and technological digital divide that manifests in increasing inequality, in various spheres of life, because the individual and social welfare is increasingly dependent on the ability to use information and communication technologies for access to information and knowledge. The digitization indicators in modern Russia are analyzed on the basis of data and ratings of international and national organizations. The article focuses on the digital gap between Russia and the leading countries by digitization indicators. The problem of igital inequality at the national level is relevant for modern Russia, despite the positive changes in digitization of economy and society. In the context of accelerating pace of digitization for modern Russia, the risk of digital inequality and emergence of the Matthew effect is growing, associated with entering the next wave of growth in the digital economy based on a shift from consumer-oriented Internet to industrial digitization based on Industry 4.0 technologies.
10.18721/JE.12602
330.3
digital economy
digital divide
digital inequality
information and communication technologies
Industry 4.0
Russian economy
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.2/
02_Safullin-Moiseeva.pdf
RAR
RUS
38-48
Egorova
Svetlana
es1403@bk.ru
Bogdanovich
Irina
bogdanovichi@mail.ru
Prospects for using information technology in accounting in globalized business
An important feature of globalization and integrated development of the economy is the use of information technology and accumulated information in other forms of production to improve their efficiency. On the other hand, one of the problems of modern information and analytical support is duplication of accounting operations, incomparability of information, the need to obtain information online. The article is dedicated to study of modern advances in information technology and the rationale for their use in management activities for more in-depth analysis, modeling and forecasting on the basis of timely and complete information about the controlled processes. Information technologies used in accounting have gone through several stages of development: use of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, introduction of specialized software products, use of integrated ERP enterprise management systems and cloud technologies. If there are a number of advantages, they also have disadvantages associated with the risks of loss and distortion of information; fragmentation and low quality of data; lack of automated generation of accounting and analytical information, taking into account the time value of money; focus on the needs of existing accounting methods; lack of integration into the international accounting system. New stages in development of information technologies have been identified: blockchain technology, machine learning, artificial intelligence, which allow minimizing these problems. It is shown that the prospects for development of accounting are associated with increasingly complicated accounting models based on modern digital technologies. This leads to an increase in the volume and complexity of information flows, an increase in the risk of loss and distortion of information. Research and comparative analysis of modern information technologies allowed to substantiate a model of informational and analytical business support, including three subsystems: accounting and analytical support, participants in business processes, and a single information space where, under the conditions of the blockchain technology, it is possible to monitor and manage business online anywhere in the world.
10.18721/JE.12603
658(045)
blockchain
artificial intelligence
machine learning
accounting
economic analysis
management accounting
digital economy
information technology
information and analytical support management
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.3/
03_Egorova-Bogdanovich(1).pdf
RAR
RUS
49-59
Artamonova
Olga
artamonova-olga@inbox.ru
Knowledge as factor of development in quality management system in the digital economy
In the digital economy, human capital and knowledge are becoming important drivers of development of organizations. The effectiveness of their application provides companies with sustainable growth and competitiveness. In the Russian Federation, there are a number of studies on the topic of digital economy, digitalization and intellectual capital management. The processes of globalization and development of information and communication technologies oblige domestic enterprises to form competitive advantages, including knowledge and technology. The speed of production and business processes is constantly increasing, the technologies become more accessible, and the need for specialists capable of implementing these technologies grows. The article considers the concept of digital economy and digitalization and defines the role of human resources in this process. Knowledge management has its prerequisites from the side of information technology, personnel management and quality management system. Information technology provides technical capabilities for obtaining, storing, processing and transmitting information, personnel management provides opportunities for selecting the best candidates, their evaluation and motivation, creating an inspiring corporate environment, and a quality management system is intended for linking these elements and making knowledge management processes controllable. Many organizations have not defined the owner and budget of the knowledge management process, so implementation may be formal, and the process itself will not be effective. For effective and efficient implementation of the knowledge management process, we propose a mechanism of personnel management within the quality management system of the organization. International and national standards for quality management systems imply systematic and process approaches to management of the organization's resources, including knowledge management. The result of the study is a knowledge management mechanism for developing the quality management system of the organization. With its help, organizations of different scales can introduce effective knowledge management for their business goals, which will provide them with an increase in intellectual capital and continuous improvements in business processes in accordance with a certain budget.
10.18721/JE.12604
658.5
digital economy
digitalization
knowledge management
knowledge
quality management
quality management
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.4/
04_Artamonova.pdf
RAR
RUS
60-74
Zaruchnikova
Natalya
zaruchnikova@gmail.com
7005476276
0000-0002-8228-3109
Glukhov
Vladimir
Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University
vicerector.me@spbstu.ru
195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
System for managing Intellectual capital in research and production organizations and clusters under digital transformation of economy
Introduction of information technologies in almost all spheres of life of the world's population is a global challenge of the present. The task of digitization of all spheres of production is a strategic goal and a national security issue for Russia, since the lag in this field sharply reduces the competitiveness of individual organizations and the economy as a whole. We analyze and classify not only a variety of theoretical provisions about the essence and structure of intellectual capital, but also its new qualities in the context of digital economy. Taking an interdisciplinary approach into account, we consider intellectual capital to be a structured set of intangible factors of production. Such factors help generate revenue to the participants of these relations in accordance with the changing market environment. Analysis of peculiarities of introduction of digital technologies in research and production organizations and clusters is given, requirements to structural and informative characteristics of intellectual capital are determined. A new structural component of intellectual capital (further IC) in the digital economy is social capital. It is independent from other structural components (by the source of formation), but it has significant influence on the remaining components (of the structure). The study has proved that it is necessary to initiate preliminary activities and analyze all the external and internal organizational factors in the development of digital technologies in research and production organizations and in research and production clusters (hereinafter RPOs and RPCs). These factors are as follows: global technological factors of growth; state policy in the field of digitization of the economy and support of enterprises; labor market characteristics that are determined by target education, introduction of digital generation Z to the market, and presence of generation Y in the market (both accustomed to communicative digital technologies at the level of age socialization). The internal organizational factors that influence the development of the intellectual capital of RPOs and RPCs are: change management system aimed at reducing staff resistance, and the corporate culture that must be formed as market-based and administrative. We propose a scoring system as a method of intellectual capital evaluation in order to manage it under digitization. We have developed an organizational and economic mechanism aimed at development and involvement of the IC in the activities of a particular RPO. We have also developed (based on organizational and economic mechanism) a system of IC management (for specific RPOs) that is to be implemented in the process of digitization.
10.18721/JE.12605
658.519.865
research and production organizations and clusters
intellectual capital
digital technologies
organizational and economic mechanism of management
intellectual capital management system
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.5/
05_Zaruchnikova-Gluhov.pdf
RAR
RUS
75-84
Kugan.
Svetlana
sfkugan@mail.ru
Prospects for development of public'private partnership within the framework of potential for forming logistic system in Republic of Belarus
One of the main problems facing governments of various countries in the world is improving the quality of services offered in the sphere of logistics. Demand for these services is growing as the global economy is returning to economic growth after financial crisis. However, in many countries, a considerable part of logistics infrastructure did not receive regular and sufficient investments for long periods of time. Investments are necessary for improvement and development of the infrastructure. The state, however, must strictly control its expenses in all economic areas and maintain a low level of tax load in the country. The article discusses the issues connected with growing scientific and practical interest in public-private partnership due to rapidly growing needs for updating and building-up the infrastructure, including logistics, and the government’s lack of necessary financial resources for its modernization. Being an effective means of socio-economic transformation, public-private partnerships got a wide distribution, both in developed countries and countries with transitional economies. Many economically developed countries actively use this option of cooperation which allows to solve the majority of issues in situations when resources are limited. In order to bridge the gaps existing between available public resources and necessary infrastructure and services costs, as well as to provide efficient and cost-effective services, Belarusian authorities are inclined to use the option of public-private partnership. Typically, public-private partnerships include forms of cooperation between state bodies and the private sector aimed at ensuring financing, construction, reconstruction, operation, infrastructure facility maintenance and/or managing it, as well as/or providing services. Using this option of interaction allows to expand the scope of private capital participation in economically and socially significant state projects making the partnership between the state and business mutually beneficial.
10.18721/JE.12606
330.341.42(476)
public-private partnership mechanism
investments
projects
logistics infrastructure
contractual obligations
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.6/
06_Kugan.pdf
RAR
RUS
85-92
Azimov
Pulod
pulaz@mail.ru
Nadzhmiddinov
Davlatmurod
baha.kgu@mail.ru
Development of regional transport and logistics system in central asia in the context of globalization of world economy
The article highlights current development features of Central Asian economies. The connection between the development of a regional economy and its transport and logistics system is shown. The level of transport and logistics systems development in a country of the Central Asian region is characterized. The study describes the factors determining the modern state of the transport and logistics system in countries of Central Asia as well as the influence of transport infrastructure development on the condition of the transport and logistics system in the countries of Central Asia. In particular, the article focuses on the conditions and factors that hamper the development of the transport and logistics system in the countries of Central Asia. The basic tendencies and the state of transport and logistics system elements in the region are defined. The problems typical for the transport and logistics system in the countries of Central Asia and the prospects for its development are determined. The article clarifies the features of infrastructure, especially transport and logistics for international cooperation and integration. To characterize the level of development of transport and logistics systems in Central Asia, the logistics quality index is used. We have concluded that the countries of Central Asia have perhaps the lowest quality index of logistics, despite the fact that they are attractive for their natural resources, capacious markets for consumer and industrial goods, as well as a convenient transit position. Based on the study of commodity structure of foreign trade, we have discussed the role and importance of individual kinds of transport in international traffic through the territory of Central Asia and the characteristics of the logistics system. The leading role of railway transport, including in the field of transit transport in Central Asia, has been determined. We have substantiated the idea that the main problems of the existing transport infrastructure of the region are its high wear and low capacity. Based on analysis, the main characteristics of the roads of Central Asia are presented. Considering the logistics system in the countries of Central Asia in more detail, we note that its main drawback is organizational and technological imperfection of the transportation process. The study gives parametric characteristics of transport infrastructure in Central Asian countries.
10.18721/JE.12607
656.02
economy
transport
logistics
organization
problems
prospects
transport infrastructure
transport and logistics system
Central Asia
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.7/
07_Azimov-Nadzhmiddinov.pdf
RAR
RUS
93-103
Dyachkov
Anton
ldyachkov2014@gmail.com
Forming and developing electric power infrastructure in regional economic space
We have considered the formation and development of the electric power infrastructure together with development of economic space, its properties and configuration. The object of study is the electric power infrastructure of the Russian Federation. The goal of the article is to study the formation and development of the electric power infrastructure in the regional economic space. The study had the following objectives: 1. Determine the most significant stages in the development of the electric power infrastructure of the Russian Federation together with changes in the economic space. 2. Analyze the current state of development of the electric power infrastructure in the Russian Federation. 3. Identify promising directions for development of the electric power infrastructure in the Russian Federation. The research hypothesis is that developing electric power infrastructure governs the changes in territorial organization, influencing the development of economic space and its properties. We have systematized the stages of formation and development of electric power infrastructure in the Russian Federation on the basis of organizational, economic and process variable parameters. We have identified the most significant achievements of technological development of the power generating industry, which influence the economic space properties and manifest in the formation of the territorial infrastructural power frame. We have analyzed the spatial development of the electric power infrastructure complex in the context of the Unified Energy System of Russia based on indicators of dynamics and structure of installed capacity of the power plants of combined energy systems and the Unified Energy System of Russia, and the territorial structure of electricity consumption. The research points to uneven spatial distribution of the installed generating capacity of power stations united by common power grids. We have pointed out the possibilities of balancing the dynamics and structure of the installed capacity. We have found that the evolution of territorial development of the electric power infrastructure is directed towards separation of manufacturing facilities, specialization and component interconnection on the basis of distributed power generation. We have identified the specific features of the modern stage of electric power infrastructure developing in Russia; it is defined by a new technology paradigm forming, digital economy development. In addition, the paper reveals the most significant modern problems in the development of the electric power infrastructure, increasing its balance by providing accessible electric power for consumers, power supply efficiency, transition to active and adaptive smart electric power, increasing the power supplied to the population to global standards, digital transformation of the electrical grid infrastructure. We believe that promising directions for development of the electric power infrastructure are expanding cooperation between the main stakeholders in implementing infrastructure development projects.
10.18721/JE.12608
338.49
region
electric power complex
regional development
economic space
infrastructure complex
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.8/
08_Dyachkov.pdf
RAR
RUS
104-115
Zubakin
Vasiliy
zubakinva@gmail.com
Analysis of trends of transformations and development of russian electric power industry
The paper describes the manifestation of the main trends in the development of the modern Russian power industry: diversification, decarbonization, decentralization, digitization. The prerequisites for these transformations have been identified not only as a result of scientific and technological progress but also in response to global challenges related to social and environmental issues and global climate change. Special attention is paid to government regulation of industry transformations; the author’s participation in practical activities in energy supply to the largest vertically integrated oil company LUKOIL allowed to substantiate the conclusions with specific figures and examples. The most important feature of the current stage of the industry’s transformation is emergence of a special class of energy market participants, prosumers, who have the opportunity to generate their own electricity (distributed generation, including use of renewable energy sources), as well as to participate in the newly created market for price-dependent consumption reduction (negative capacity sales). Analysis of price dynamics is performed, as well as analysis of supply and demand for a new product on the energy market, negative power. The growth forecast for this market in the Russian power industry is made. Based on analysis of modern development trends of electric power, markets measures are proposed to improve mechanisms of industry regulation in order to harmonize the interests of investors and market participants: consumers, energy producers and infrastructure. Specific clarifications and additions to the project of Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035 are given, including the proposed legalization of the rapidly growing highly efficient electricity sector with the participation of new market participants, prosumers, for distributed generation.
10.18721/JE.12609
621.311
electric power industry
development
regulation
prosumers
distributed generation
negative power
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.9/
09_Zubakin.pdf
RAR
RUS
116-127
Makarov
Vasiliy
energy@fem.spbstu.ru
Skvortsova
Inga
ingavik@mail.ru
Torkkeli
Marko
marko.torkkeli@lut.fi
Coworking as new infrastructure to support russian innovative business
The study considers coworking, which is a relatively new concept for the Russian market. The history of appearance and dynamics of development of the main elements of the innovation infrastructure are briefly reviewed. The issues of formation of the global industry of coworking and their popularization are touched upon. The essence of the concept of coworking, its advantages in comparison with other elements are revealed. The significance of this concept in the modern world is justified. In this article, сoworking is presented as one of the components of an effective innovative infrastructure, its place is defined. A modern business model of coworking is developed for the conditions of Russian reality, for which various behavioral models of its residents are analyzed in detail. The conditions for effective functioning of such models are formulated. The discrepancies in the terminology of the concept of coworking are analyzed. Analysis of the applicable terms in Russian and English is carried out. It is proved that the marketing approach prevails both in the creation and in the description of the elements of innovative infrastructure, which means that the key requirement is attractiveness of the object for potential customers and investors. Only coworking satisfies the requirements for wide and convenient horizontal interaction of residents, free entrepreneurs working in the field of innovative business. Coworking is presented as a phenomenon that reflects a certain stage in the development of the infrastructure for supporting a small, usually innovative business. A good adaptation of the coworking model in Russia and the public interest in it are shown. We have considered different behavioral patterns of coworking residents that are directly experienced by users. The problems of adaptation of small and medium-sized businesses to lack of office infrastructure in connection with the development of business mobility are described, when using infrastructure turns from a permanent function over a long period of time into a function that can be considered discrete. The conditions are described under which authorities should be interested in organizing PR promotion of coworking in the regions in order to attract new entrepreneurs and customers for residents of coworking. The possibility of using coworking as a platform for posting relevant information on the state order and holding events aimed at attracting residents to carry out projects in the interests of government bodies and state organizations is shown. Effective use of coworking as an infrastructure element to support innovative business has been proved.
10.18721/JE.12610
338.1
innovative infrastructure
office space
freedom of entrepreneurship
coworking
synergistic effect
start-up
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.10/
10_Makarov-Skvortsova-Torkkeli.pdf
RAR
RUS
128-138
Chistyakova
Olga
V-1094-2019
56968223000
0000-0002-0941-6358
Babkin
Alexander
Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University
babkin@nic.spbstu.ru
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
Business development institutes as tool of state support of small and medium'sized innovative entrepreneurship
Approaches to state support of innovative entrepreneurship through business development institutions are considered. The purpose of the policy of stimulating innovation activities of small and medium-sized enterprises as innovation-based economic growth is determined. Theories of innovations and concepts of technological structures are considered. The most important directions of support of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises are revealed: formation of state and regional innovative policy, programs of support of small and medium-sized business, effective functioning of institutes of development. Business development institutions are a state tool to stimulate the development of priority sectors of the economy. At the federal level, the most important institutions are Vnesheconombank, the Federal Corporation for SME Development, the Industrial Development Fund, the Single-Industry Towns Development Fund, the Far East Development Fund, the Russian Export Center. They provide support to small and medium-sized businesses by providing consulting, property and financial assistance. Special emphasis is placed on promotion of business projects and their concessional financing. Regional binding of innovative business projects is revealed. Their success depends on the effectiveness of the federal support system, funding from development institutions, the development of innovative infrastructure, the institutional and business environment formed at the level of a particular region, social infrastructure, the availability of qualified personnel, comfortable living conditions. The instruments of support of innovative entrepreneurship in the regions are considered. The system of institutes of business development in Irkutsk region is studied. It is composed of the following organizations: the Business Support Fund of the Irkutsk region; Corporation of Development of the Irkutsk Region; the Industry Development Fund of Irkutsk Region, Agency Of Investment Development of Irkutsk Region; Irkutsk Regional Guarantee Fund; the Microcredit Fund of the Irkutsk Region. The experience of development of institutions to support small and medium-sized businesses in the Irkutsk region is of interest to other regions because it involves comprehensive support for business structures, and also allows for support on terms that banks cannot provide (at a lower interest rate). Prospective federal and regional projects within the framework of the national project ‘Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support of individual entrepreneurial initiative’ are considered.
10.18721/JE.12611
339.13
entrepreneurship
innovative entrepreneurship
state support for small and medium-sized businesses
businesses development institutions
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.11/
11_CHistyakova-Babkin.pdf
RAR
RUS
139-148
7005476276
0000-0002-8228-3109
Glukhov
Vladimir
Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University
vicerector.me@spbstu.ru
195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
Kolobov
Aleksandr
Development of approach and tools for improving efficiency of enterprise business system
In recent years, various methods and practices for improving the efficiency of business systems have enabled organizations to achieve significant operational results. However, their real impact on current competitiveness indicators of enterprises, such as TSR and EBITDA, is still unclear. Lack of quantitative assessment of effect from using specific tools (methods and practices) for increasing the efficiency of business systems does not allow to formalize the choice of their combination ensuring maximum effect for a particular organization, project and goal. In these conditions, developing an approach to assessing the effect of different tools for improving the efficiency of business systems seems to be an urgent scientific task. To solve this problem, we proposed an approach that is based on levers of influence on the TSR (Total Shareholder Return), which is constantly in the investors' attention and is an indicator of the organization’s effectiveness in terms of competitiveness and factors of business system development level. A distinctive feature of the proposed methodology is the approach to grouping the evaluated instruments depending on the logic of their practical application. To collect the initial data for the analysis, the expert assessment method was used on the basis of a specially developed questionnaire, which was filled out according to the results of the project. This questionnaire includes such information as a list of tools used, the level of development of the business system and the effect obtained. As a result, for the regression analysis, we used data from 170 questionnaires obtained from the results of projects implemented in various companies of a multi-industry holding. The analysis made it possible to obtain the coefficients of influence of various tools to improve the efficiency of the business system on such indicators as quality of activity, productivity, costs. The resulting more accurate estimate of the numerical values for using these tools can be further used to solve the mathematical optimization problem to determine their effective set when implementing a transformation project.
10.18721/JE.12612
658
effect assessment
methodology
methods and practices for improving efficiency of business system
regression analysis
expert assessment questionnaire
level of development
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.12/
12_Gluhov-Kolobov.pdf
RAR
RUS
149-160
Spitsin
Vladislav
spitsin_vv@mail.ru
Profitability of enterprises in high'tech sectors and factors influencing it: analysis and modeling
Enterprises of high-tech industries and services sectors are drivers of growth of the modern economy and the priorities of economic development. In Russia, it is extremely important to ensure their effective development in the current conditions of economic stagnation, economic sanctions and unfavorable external environment. One of the most important indicators of the enterprise’s efficiency is profitability of its activities, which is investigated in this article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of profitability of enterprises in high-tech sectors and to model the influence of factors on profitability. The objects of research are enterprises of six high-tech industries and services sectors of Russia. The study period covers 2013-2017. The full sample includes 1826 enterprises or 9130 observations (1826 enterprises * 5 years, panel data). Analyzed indicator: net return on assets. Research methods: analysis of variance, regression models with fixed effects. Analysis of dynamics of profitability of high-tech sectors during 2013-2017 showed that more than 75% of enterprises in each sector remained profitable annually in the face of economic stagnation. For 2013-2017, the profitability of the sector 30.3 (production of aircraft) significantly increased, which, obviously, reflects the results of active state stimulation of this sector. At the same time, a decrease in profitability of commercial enterprises in the sector 72 (scientific research and development) was revealed, which indicates problems of development in this sector and insufficient level of state support in adverse external environment. Modeling the influence of factors revealed a highly significant positive effect of the size of the enterprise and production efficiency on profitability for most high-tech sectors and a highly significant negative effect of the share of borrowed capital and the age of the enterprise on profitability. Thus, in order to increase the net return on assets, enterprises in high-tech industries and services sectors should increase revenue, increase production efficiency and avoid large amounts of borrowing. It is advisable for state authorities to stimulate competition, processes of business generation and the development of new and small enterprises, as well as exert a regulatory influence on the credit market, subsidize interest rates on loans and provide soft loans to enterprises of high-tech sectors
10.18721/JE.12613
658.155:005.334:330.43
high-tech industries
high-tech knowledge-intensive services
profitability
internal factors
unstable economy
Russia
regression models with fixed effects
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.13/
13_Spitsin.pdf
RAR
RUS
161-173
Zakovorotny
Vilor
Flek
Mikhail
rostvertol@aaanet.ru
Ugnich
Ekaterina
ugnich77@mail.ru
Synergetic approach to assessment of human capital in enterprises
Human capital is one of the most important resources of an enterprise, determining the efficiency of its economic activity. In this regard, forming an adequate system for assessing an enterprise’s human capital is important and relevant. This paper presents an overview of existing approaches for assessing the enterprise’s human capital. The diverse approaches can be grouped into three traditional classes: the income approach, the cost approach, and the market approach. The specifics, advantages and disadvantages of these approaches have been discussed. It is shown that synergetic approach for assessing the enterprise’s human capital allows to reveal new aspects that were not considered in the framework of traditional approaches, and project the trajectory of human capital development. In the framework of the synergetic approach, the human capital of the enterprise is regarded as a complicated system, for which self-organization processes are typical. The self-organization source here is integration of knowledge, which is the basis of human capital, in time and space, and, as a consequence, self-growth of this knowledge. Synergetic approach allows to form the system of the enterprise’s human capital assessment from the standpoint of nonlinear trajectory of its development. In the framework of this approach, human capital is regarded as a complicated self-organizing system. The full extent of the factors affecting its formation and development is considered. It is shown that the graph of knowledge of workers involved directly in the production process allows to characterize relationships between the components of human capital at its different stages, and, as a whole, to give a qualitative representation of the condition of the enterprise’s human capital. Using the synergetic approach for human capital assessment is illustrated with an example of an aircraft manufacturing company. A characteristic of the dynamics of state coordinates is given to describe the functioning of the enterprise from the standpoint of the synergetic approach. We consider the set of knowledge necessary for implementing each stage of the production process as the coordinates of the system state. System condition coordinates are prone to change and to fill with new content due to occurrence of nonlinear system self-organization, i.e., combination of knowledge. The knowledge graph, although it is not directly a cost estimate of human capital, can help to assess acceptability of the basic content of the enterprise’s human capital, and can also be used as a basis for assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise’s human capital management.
10.18721/JE.12614
331.1
human capital
enterprise
synergetic approach
assessment of an enterprise’s human capital
knowledge graph
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.14/
14_Zakovorotniy-Flek-Uglich.pdf
RAR
RUS
174-187
Kovalenko
Inna
inna@kovalenko.spb.ru
Sokoliscin
Aleksandr
alex.sokol1951@yandex.ru
Organizational and economic mechanism for managing sustainable development in entreprises subject to production risk
The innovative way of development of the Russian economy is focused on technological development of the domestic production complex, which implies constructing the appropriate mechanisms to ensure sustainable economic development of industrial enterprises. Stabilization of production activities is associated with risk management. Since the long-term preservation of competitive advantage in the conditions of the new technological structure depends not only on the traditional resource base but also on the development of social and human capital, researchers naturally focus on the risks of the enterprise associated with the working conditions and their impact on economic indicators of production activities. The purpose of the study is to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the sustainable development of an enterprise based on production risk assessment. The following problems are solved: approaches to defining sustainable development of an enterprise are analyzed; impact of industrial injuries on the indicators of enterprise sustainability is assessed; a system for managing sustainable development of the enterprise has been devised; an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise has been formulated. As a result, the sustainable development of enterprise is defined as the enterprise moving along a life-cycle curve with a minimum gap between planned and actual characteristics, subject to minimal costs for ensuring such a steady state. Enterprise sustainability is considered in four aspects: economic, social, environmental, and institutional. The relevant indicators of enterprise sustainability are identified. The components of damage to the enterprise as a result of industrial injuries are highlighted, the calculation of the total damage is made on the example of an oil refinery. Our definition of the risk associated with hazardous working conditions and industrial injuries as a production risk is substantiated. A step-by-step system for managing the sustainable development of enterprise taking into account production risk is presented. An organizational and economic mechanism for managing the sustainable development of an enterprise has been developed, describing management subject and management object, goals, objectives, functions, principles, methods, tools, and main stages of implementation. The implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism allows strengthening the company's position in an unstable external environment in its institutional, economic, social and environmental aspects. The directions for further research are seen in development of an economic mathematical model of the automated system for the managing the sustainable development of enterprise based on production risk assessment as a tool for the described organizational and economic mechanism.
10.18721/JE.12615
330.356
sustainable development
organizational and economic mechanism
production risk
management system
industrial injuries
https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.80.15/
15_Kovalenko-Sokolitsin.pdf