2782-6015 12 2 2019 1-123

RAR RUS 7-18 57203247180 0000-0001-7618-596X Lomonosov Moscow State University Yudina Tamara orchidflower@list.ru Digital segment of the real economy: digital economy in the context of analog economy Formation, development and institutionalization of digital economy (DE) is in its third year now in the Russian Federation. However, there is still no comprehensive understanding of DE in foreign or Russian economic science, and no fundamental studies have been carried out on digital economy’s relationship with the analog and real economies. The goal of this article is to gain further insight into the phenomenon and analyze the results of the fourth information revolution (using Peter Drucker’s definition) and the fourth industrial revolution (using Klaus Schwab’s definition), institutional environment of digital economy, and, ultimately, the digital segment of the real economy. The study presents the theoretical and practical fundamentals of analog, real and digital economies, refining their definitions. Digital economy, or, rather digital information economy, is represented in the context of a new type of mixed economy, analog-to-digital; this concept is introduced for the very first time. Information, or, more precisely, energy and information, technological and production know-how are considered as the main resource of the digital economy. Original appraised interpretation is provided for DE as an emerging system (and possibly antisystem) of production and/or economic relations that can function without direct human participation «in the field of production as Industry 4.0 (cyber systems together with the «Internet of Everything»), virtual distribution, exchange via digital platforms and individualized consumption as the main phase of reproduction of information goods» in digital form. Technological essence, parameters in the form of digital technologies and the role of digital economy as a digital segment of the real economy have been defined. The new practically important results obtained in the study are the correlation between the digital sector and the real economy, exceeding economic growth rates of DE compared to those of analog economy at the present time. Viability of the analog economy is demonstrated in contrast to speculations on the «demise of analog economy» (discussed at the Information Technology of Industrial Russia conference). Interaction and direct correlation of analog and digital economies have been revealed. 10.18721/JE.12201 330.101; 330.34; 330.88 digital segment of real economy analog economy real economy digital economy analog and digital economy information and digital economy information technological and production know-how digitalization https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.1/ 01_Yudina.pdf

RAR RUS 19-29 Dyudikova Ekaterina dudikova.e@gmail.com Development of form of interaction of participants of non-cash payments in conditions of economy digitalization New high-tech methods for making non-cash payments have appeared in the conditions of digitalization of economy (in systems of electronic payment and crypto currency, including the possibility of signing smart contracts). These methods satisfy the requirements of the Internet community: safety of storage and information processing in payment and settlement systems, low cost and high speed of transactions, simplicity and usability, possibility of carrying out payments for small sums in virtual space and others. Despite the absence of legal regulation of the circulation of new hi-tech payment tools, the number of transactions with their participation and the volume of the performed operations increases annually. At the same time, we can note that the traditional ways of non-cash payments fulfillment are still equally popular in the financial and economic sphere (by means of financial instruments in material form, at an office of the money transfer operator, in the system of remote bank service). We have considered the types of payment and settlement systems (traditional electronic and innovative digital). The result of comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each type of systems is presented. We have characterized the forms of interaction of participants of non-cash payments with different methods of initiation of payment operations. On the basis of the obtained results, we have proved that introducing scientific and technical progress into all spheres of public life has promoted change of forms of interaction of participants of non-cash payments from personal contact to digital due to automation of financial processes. However, in the future, in the conditions of globalization of economy, decreased reliability of a world currency system, high level of cyber threats in the financial and economic sphere, intense geopolitical situation in the world, integrated use of traditional and innovative technologies in the sphere of payments and settlements both at the national level, and on the international scene is advisable for increasing reliability and efficiency of non-cash payments, counteracting money laundering, ensuring national and economic security of the country. 10.18721/JE.12202 336.74 non-cash payments technology of distributed registers interaction form digital system electronic system https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.2/ 02_Dyudikova.pdf

RAR RUS 30-39 Nunez Esquivel Cesar Armando cesarnesquivel@gmail.com Dubolazov Victor info@kafedrapik.ru Opportunities and risks of collaborative consumption economy The object of the study is the Sharing Economy (SE) and its future in the context of globalization, digitalization of society and the fourth industrial revolution. A relatively recent notion of «Sharing Economy or the Collaborative Consumption Economy« has been formulated, and the main prerequisites for its occurrence have been identified. We have briefly explored the forms of Sharing Economy (SE) in various fields of activity (in transport, energy, real estate, tourism, finances, etc.). The possibilities and benefits of SE for various segments of the population, organizations, administrative entities, and the state are identified. The changes that have taken place in the economy in the last decade are described by several authors related to this ecosystem, such as Zoellick and Subacchi, among others. These changes have occurred within different industries and within companies that grow rapidly, due to globalization and the growing use of the Internet. Now we can observe how new terms appear; for example, the «Collaborative Economy« which seeks to reflect the growing role of entrepreneurs, promoting a new replicable model, which can be used in different cities regardless of their characteristics, and also involves work without strictly established hours or a certain degree of permanence, which some associate with the era of interdependence (Grevy, 2009). The problems and risks of SE are described. We have identified a range of issues (legal, organizational, economic, environmental, etc.) that arise during introduction of SE and which should increase its effectiveness. Some proposals have been put forward to improve the activities in the Sharing Economy, not only in the present but also in the future. Additionally, proposals are made for improving activities in the conditions of a shared consumption economy, and for improving the welfare of society in the future. The processes of digitalization of society are becoming the prerogative of the global economy and individual countries, which increases the significance of discussing these problems. The article should contribute to popularization of Sharing Economy and dissemination of information regarding which problems currently exist in it and that they need to be solved. 10.18721/JE.12203 330 sharing economy internet digitalization of society online services aggregates https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.3/ 03_Nunes-Dubolazov2.pdf

RAR RUS 40-51 Avilkina Svetlana s.avilkina@gmail.com Bakuleva Marina marina.bakuleva@gmail.com Kleynosova Nadezshda klnp_pl39@mail.ru Development of methodology for assessing digital competence levels in personnel training The developing digital economy alters the labor market demand both qualitatively and quantitatively, thus shaping a new paradigm for specialist training. In the RF regions professional education is meant to be significant in supplying economy with human resources. There must be competent trainers to enable trainees’ digital skills development. Research in determining levels of trainers’ digital literacy is one of the stages aimed at professional education improvement to procure digital economy with specialists. Issues of theoretical modelling of digital competences structure as well as methodological support of competences diagnosis are the key ones. This research is devoted to the development of methods for diagnosing levels of mastering digital competences in training. An overview of literature embracing such concepts as «digital literacy», «digital competences» is introduced. Basic features of currently available digital competences models are being described. Based on the investigations held by colleagues and with account of activities specifity of higher educational structures a new competence model including such major digital competences groups as «Digital office», «Net technologies use», «Digital security in professional activity», «Software and applications installation» has been developed. A description of the toolkit for diagnosing digital competence levels in training is given. Automatic data processing algorithm has been developed to enhance interpretation of digital competences levels. Diagnosis method to determine the level of digital competences proficiency was tried out in 2018 at the Ryazan Region Department of Education and youth policy. The research results may be used by public authorities in the decision-making procedures. Study materials may be applied in the process of further investigations of research and practice issues dealing with specialists training fit for digital economy. The toolset of field research including the method for trainers’ digital competences level testing may be replicated and used in both public administration and entrepreneurship activities. 10.18721/JE.12204 330.34 digital economy professional education digital literacy digital competences proficiency level diagnosis https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.4/ 04_Avilkina-Bakuleva-Kleynosova.pdf

RAR RUS 52-62 Belinskaia Irina Chaikovskaia Alexandra sasha_chaikovska@list.ru Frolova Natal'ia frolovamolla@gmail.com Development of management mechanisms for forming investment climate in border region The formation of the investment climate, characterized by the positive dynamics of its main parameters, is one of the fundamental tasks of the regional economy of our country. Creating conditions for attracting domestic and foreign investment provides an increase in socio-economic indicators of the economic system of the region, stimulates the development of various sectors of the economy, has a positive impact on the level of employment and unemployment in the region, forms the resource potential. Currently, most regions have a serious need for investment resources, which are necessary for the growth of economic potential and the creation of a comfortable social environment. Conducting financial and economic activities in the border regions is characterized by the presence of additional opportunities for the development of investment activity and the creation of a stable system of foreign economic relations. The border areas of the Leningrad Region have considerable experience in practical implementation of joint economic cooperation programs. Active attraction of investment resources of neighboring countries in conjunction with the regional policy of strategic development determine the positive parameters of the socio-economic state of the Leningrad Region. One of the successful tools for improving economic efficiency is the creation of a positive investment climate in the region. To generate favorable conditions for forming the investment climate in the border regions, it is necessary to develop an effective management mechanism aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness and improving the ways of organizing economic activities. The article deals with the conditions of formation of the investment climate as a source of sustainable growth of socio-economic development of the border area. The study discusses the specifics of forming a mechanism for managing the investment climate of the border region as a basis for increasing the investment attractiveness, the specific conditions and the possibility of adapting them under the influence of a certain set of factors, offering a mechanism for managing the investment climate in the border regions. Effective organization of economic activity is currently impossible without attracting foreign investment. Due to peculiarities of the geopolitical position, geographical, economic and political characteristics, the border regions have a significant impact on the modern system of international investment relations. The field of foreign economic interests of the states is actively formed in the border areas. The investment climate that has developed in the border region is mainly formed by the state authorities in order to create comfortable conditions, primarily for foreign investors through a set of measures for using the mechanisms of state guarantees to protect foreign investments. It should be noted that today, despite all the prerequisites for development of local self-government in the Russian Federation, the regional and municipal governments of the border areas do not have sufficient authority to address the whole range of issues arising in formation of the regional investment climate. 10.18721/JE.12205 330.332 regional economy investment climate foreign investments cross-border cooperation adaptation mechanism https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.5/ 05_Belinskaya-CHaykovskaya-Frolova.pdf

RAR RUS 63-70 Wang Fen 957990067@qq.com Novikova Olga Novikova-Olga1970@yandex.ru Optimizing energy balance of China: problems and prospects The article analyzes the compliance of the current energy structure of China with the existing requirements of the socio-economic system and the principles of sustainable economy. The problems of the Chinese energy sector, which are increasingly dependent on imported fuels, have been identified. This fact predetermines the need to optimize China’s energy balance and energy transform to meet the demand of modern society and the rapid growth of economic demands. It is substantiated that China needs to focus on energy efficiency, energy saving, renewable energy sources and transition to the main source of energy, i.e., natural gas, during formation of China’s energy balance. Simulation for prediction of prospective energy balances is proposed; using it should allow to form the Chinese industrial structure of the electricity sector of industry in accordance with its production process, production volumes and resource consumption. 10.18721/JE.12206 330.322 evolution of electrical power industry coordination of interaction distribution efficiency energy balance energy structure https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.6/ 06_Van-Novikova.pdf

RAR RUS 71-83 V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Zdol'nikova Svetlana s.v.muraveva@yandex.ru A-5757-2017 35573556300 0000-0001-9375-0262 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kozlov Alexander akozlov@spbstu.ru; avk55-spb@yandex.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg,195251

Babkin Ivan babkinivan@spbstu.ru Organizational and economic mechanism of management by innovative potential of industrial cluster The development of industry and the improvement of the competitiveness of Russian industrial enterprises in the domestic and foreign markets are associated with the transition to a digital model of economic development, involving a high concentration of knowledge-intensive production, knowledge and technology. At the same time, the current level of innovative development of Russian industry does not fully meet the expectations associated with the formation of a new type of economy. The insufficient level of innovation activity of Russian industrial enterprises poses a direct threat to the country's economy due to an increase in import dependence. The quantitative growth of the national economy should be accompanied by innovations, ensuring the qualitative side of the production activities of economic entities, while strengthening their financial sustainability and the financial sustainability of Russia as a whole. In this situation, as shown by foreign and Russian experience, the integration of business entities is becoming an indispensable tool stimulating enterprises' susceptibility to innovations, as well as increase their innovation activity in general. The creation of industrial clusters is one of the current trends in economic transformations of the Russian economy. In accordance with this, the authors formulated the purpose of the study – based on studying the essence of clusters, as well as the concepts and assessments of their innovative potential. The directions of further research are seen by the authors in the study and approbation of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing the innovation potential of clusters of various sectoral orientations 10.18721/JE.12207 338.242 integration industrial cluster innovative potential control system organizational and economic mechanism https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.7/ 07_BabkinAV-Zdolnikov-Kozlov-BabkinIA.pdf

RAR RUS 84-91 Balashova Elena elenabalashova@mail.ru Maiorova Kseniia xs-ksu123@mail.ru Evaluation of specificities and main directions of business processes`s development of the industrial enterprise (research example RER) Scientific and technical progress is inseparably linked with use energy of different forms and potentials, which significantly changed their volumes and types. In modern conditions of development the level of the energy considerably increases consumed by the person, and, therefore, there is a question of environment protection against harmful emissions. Many industrial enterprises are oriented to studying of renewable power which technologies can be used in development of the business processes. Real research is given a characteristic of the present stage of development of the market of the renewable energy resources. The article describes the entity and features of business processes of the enterprise of the industrial sector of economy. The research is carried out an analysis of business processes of the industrial enterprise Électricité de France. In addition, the article describes the main directions of development of the industrial enterprise in the conditions of commercialization of renewable energy resources. Rapid development of technologies of renewable energy resources and the current situation in the world led to consider development of the industrial enterprises in the conditions of commercialization of renewable energy resources as new approach to development of business processes of the enterprises of the industrial sector of economy. Modern conditions appear because of commercialization of renewable energy resources. It becomes necessary for the industrial enterprises adapting flexibly to modify and develop their business processes. 10.18721/JE.12208 316.72 commercialization renewable energy business process industrial economy industrial enterprise power https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.8/ 08_Balashova-Mayorova.pdf

RAR RUS 92-102 Emelyanova Daria Kolesnichenko-Ianushev Sergei kolesnichenkods@list.ru Tokarev Mikhail Organizational and economic problems of applying quality management systems at engineering companies Different management systems, including quality management systems, are widely used in enterprises and organizations nowadays. The procedure for establishing and effectively using quality management systems is regulated by the system of national standards. At the same time, the approaches to organization and the performance of quality management systems in enterprises depend on the personnel’s training, knowledge and understanding of existing regulations in the field of standardization and technical regulation. The main problems of effective quality management using quality management systems arise from inept application of existing regulations and a formal approach to organization and management of quality management systems. This primarily happens due to lack of involvement of the staff, lack of understanding of the role and responsibility of the process owner. Ensuring the required quality of processes is achieved by hiring competent managers and specialists for the enterprise. This means that human resources are sufficiently prepared, with a quality system of motivation and a high corporate culture. The company has created a system of information support, electronic document management system. In many enterprises, QMS documents are maintained by quality services, which are perceived as units solely responsible for maintaining the quality management system in working condition. Unfortunately, the functions of quality services are often limited to maintaining the QMS documentation in working order. However, all units of the enterprise must have the required documentation for the QMS available and keep the records prescribed by the QMS documents, the employees should know the contents of QMS documentation, have the skills necessary for document management. A formal approach to quality management systems in enterprises means that the resources allocated to maintaining the management system are used inefficiently. The article gives a brief analysis of the specific problems arising in application of quality management systems and the main directions for eliminating non-compliance of systems with the requirements of federal legislation and normative documents in the field of standardization. We have emphasized that the basic principle of building a quality management system in the enterprise should be the adapting the system to the needs of the enterprise while complying with the national standards of the Russian Federation. This paper presents a generalized view of scientists and specialists on actual problems encountered in implementing QMS in enterprises. We have proposed specific practical solutions (recommendations) formed on the basis of practical construction and application of the QMS. 10.18721/JE.12209 658.56 management system import substitution process approach quality records local normative documents national standardization system audit planned documents of quality assurance https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.9/ 09_Emelyanova_Kolesnichenko-Yanushev_Tokarev.pdf

RAR RUS 103-111 Tarek Marvan marwantarek1993@gmail.com Khvatova Tatiana tatiana-khvatova@mail.ru Investigating the influence of accrued expenses on the earned value analysis of a project Project Earned value analysis (PEVA) is a project performance assessment tool considered to be one of the best-known methods to control and monitor project progress. The earned value analysis assesses the three main aspects of any project: cost, schedule, and scope, and can be used to identify early indications of project performance, enabling project managers not only to identify project progress, but also to control it and hence take corrective actions. The earned value concept allows cost managers to manage projects optimizing time and budget goals, and to identify when the project is behind or ahead of schedule, under- or over-budget, using performance indices and variance parameters. However, implementing PEVA is not without limitations, such as not taking late invoices or purchase orders into account, which results in inaccuracy of actual costs which can significantly affect the outcome and consequently provide an incorrect indication of project progress. This paper outlines the basic format of the earned value analysis, concisely explaining how earned value analysis can be implemented. Moreover, it explores challenges associated with PEVA implementation such as inaccuracy of actual costs, and how accrued costs can be used to tackle this challenge. It also aims to raise awareness regarding accrued expenses and how the tool can be used to address the issue of late invoices in order to help practitioners improve reliability when implementing the earned value analysis tool. In this paper, PEVA has been applied to a real construction project at Petroleum Marine Services Company (PMS), and the findings show that accrued costs enhance the reliability of PEVA. 10.18721/JE.12210 338.984, 836.671 earned value management cost control project management accrued expenses https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.10/ 10_Tarek-Hvatova.pdf

RAR RUS 112-120 Klachek Pavel PKlachek@mail.ru Polypan Kseniia klp281280@mail.ru Liberman Irina iliberman@kantiana.ru Development of a synergetic research environment for modeling complex productive and economic systems The paper deals with the problems associated with the development of modern computer technology decision-making in the digital economy, as well as methods, algorithms and software for solving control problems and decision-making in socio-economic production systems. The authors of the article propose a promising approach, having an interdisciplinary character, located on the border of the following areas: hybrid intelligent systems, synergistic artificial intelligence, neuro and psychophysiology, philosophy, cybernetics, economic and mathematical modeling, etc. Three laws of synergistic hybrid computational intelligence of complex, poorly formalized, multicomponent production and economic systems (SMPES) are considered: mutual adaptation, discrete series of structures and the law of transformations. A two-level model of the synergistic hybrid computational intelligence of the SMPES is presented, on the basis of which the evolutionary model of the synergistic hybrid computational intelligence of the SMPES is formulated. A model of the synergistic research environment of the SMPES based on hybrid computational models is considered. The architecture of the applied instrumental environment of "soft" mathematical modeling of SMPES is presented. The basics of creating a 5d technology platform for designing intelligent high-tech systems, enterprises and industries are presented, the main advantage of which is the use of a universal information platform in the form of a hybrid intelligent decision-making support system that quickly transforms into a specific system, specific subject area ( mechanical engineering, heavy metallurgy, oil and gas, etc.), allowing you to add new quality to decision-making processes, as well as to ensure the creation and wide effective use of new knowledge, both for individual enterprises and entire industries, innovation clusters and zones. Based on the instrumental environment of "soft" mathematical modeling of SMPES and 5d technology-platform design of intelligent high-tech systems, enterprises and industries, the authors developed, patented and successfully implemented a set of applied tools for the development of key socio-economic sectors of the regions of the Russian Federation. The proposed methods, models and applied tools allowed the team to begin creating a universal, unparalleled in the world technology for the synthesis of innovative developments, products and high-tech services, obtained through the integration of various methods and applied tools and the subsequent generation of specialized technological chains and production and economic new generation systems. 10.18721/JE.12211 658 hybrid computing intelligence production and economic systems digital economy innovative developments mathematical modeling synergistic model https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.76.11/ 11_Klachek-Polupan-Liberman.pdf