2782-6015 11 5 2018 1-165

RAR RUS 7-21 Sleptsova Iuliia julia_sleptsova@mail.ru 57190411892 0000-0001-5866-3390 Central Economics and Mathemaytics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Kachalov Roman kachalov@cemi.rssi.ru Integration strategy of the enterprise under conditions of digital transformation of economy In this paper, we consider solutions of a fundamental nature, such as, for example, the choice of a business model. The consequences of implementing these decisions affect the long-time performance of the enterprise. The problem of interaction between enterprises is interdisciplinary. We have identified significant integration solutions and trends emerging as a result of development of digital technologies. We have also analyzed the influence of separate factors for different levels of enterprise functioning in the digital environment. We have formulated the opportunities for building an enterprise integration strategy in the current conditions. The strategy of network coordination of economic ties between enterprises in the digital environment is implemented by creating or joining multilateral platforms. It is characterized by horizontal connections. The principle of operation of multilateral platforms is that one enterprise, the platform owner, provides access to their contractors with offers of products or services to interested partners. These proposals complement the company's proposals. The modern digital economy allows building more effective interaction of enterprises of different level based on multilateral business models. A necessary condition for effective coordination of production of products and services of different enterprises is development and mandatory application of a unified system of standards and protocols for the exchange of data between economic agents. Implementing strategic decisions based on multilateral platforms allows taking advantage of digital analysis, information processing and making administrative decisions with large data sets. This also reduces the costs of selecting suppliers and marketing research and reduces the risk of adverse events. 10.18721/JE.11501 336.6 integration strategy system integration digital technology multilateral platforms https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.1/ 01_Sleptsova-Kachalov.pdf

RAR RUS 22-37 Nozdrin Vadim vadim.nozdrin@itu.int Makarov Vladimir akad.makarov@mail.ru Economic efficiency of using the radio frequency spectrum in the evolving digital innovative economy Transition of economy to the digital model in the 21st century requires consistent and targeted modernization of the state management system with a view of reorienting it to a market environment and the growing problem of resource scarcity. As humankind evolves, it discovers new natural resources, exploiting them as an integral part of daily production and life. In this regard, data transmission by means of electromagnetic waves provides boundless opportunities for deploying technological innovations in all spheres of state and society to improve their quality and efficiency. Developing the digital economy also requires collecting, transmitting and processing huge volumes of different kinds of information. This means that the radio frequency spectrum (RFS) is a very valuable natural resource. Analysis of the current demand for RFS revealed a growing shortage problem, due to widespread introduction of new technologies, both for general and specialized use. Lack of RFS makes it difficult for new users to exploit a resource, increasing transaction costs, making it problematic to stimulate economic growth. In order to perform economic analysis of exploiting RFS, we propose a criterion for the efficiency of its use. Study of negative externalities of using RFS has revealed the existing direct and indirect limitations. We have formulated suggestions for applying economic methods allowing to use the resource rationally, in particular, changing the form of ownership, imposing fees for using the resource, delegating certain rights to manage RFS to the private sector, and making decisions on resource allocation based on economic criteria. We have considered the main conditions and advantages of introducing collective ownership for using RFS for broadband access network operators, providing opportunities for combined use of the resource and the infrastructure. We have also proposed introducing economic criteria into the practice of the state management system when making decisions on prospective use of RFS. As indirect restrictions, we have considered the problem of e-waste, in particular, in space, and the potentially harmful effects of electromagnetic waves on human health if the resource is used with increased intensity. To solve this problem, we propose to impose an annual fee on satellite network operators for using the orbital frequency resource. Thus, a source of funding is created for space cleaning programs. 10.18721/JE.11502 330 digital economy spectrum efficiency externalities transitional cost https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.2/ 02_Nozdrin-Makarov.pdf

RAR RUS 38-45 Nunez Esquivel Cesar Armando cesarnesquivel@gmail.com Dubolazov Victor info@kafedrapik.ru Labor market and education in the conditions of fourth industrial revolution The Modern society is on the verge of the fourth industrial revolution (often called the digital industrial revolution) associated with the introduction of robotics, cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, neural networks, cloud, and quantum technologies. Under the influence of informatization, the structure of the world economy is changing: many traditional industries are losing their importance, new industries are rapidly developing, new relations in the production are being generated. The article examines the essence of the fourth industrial revolution, its impact on the future labor market, taking into account the statistics in the world unemployment in recent years. It examines which specialists will be in demand in terms of the informatization of society, in order to prepare educational institutions for these rapidly occurring changes and ensure the employment of future generations. It is described that the fourth industrial revolution will lead to job cuts and an increase in the number of unemployed. On the other hand, the need for highly skilled workers will increase, there will be a demand for workers in specialties that are not yet available. It is concluded that the fourth industrial revolution will affect the labor market in different countries in different ways. Migration will increase, creating a new type of social and economic problems. In 2017 in Petersburg in the Economic Forum, The President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin said that the digital economy is not a separate industry, in fact, it is the basis for creating qualitatively new models of business, trade, logistics, production, changing the format of education, so better for education 4.0. The fourth industrial revolution means both new opportunities and new challenges for the economy and society. It’s stated what professional profiles and skills will be needed in the fourth industrial revolution: solving complex problems, critical thinking, creativity, etc. Education plays a major role in this. It is necessary to ensure that each person is able to adapt to the application of new technologies through appropriate training. This is especially important for people with disabilities, elderly pre-retirement age. 10.18721/JE.11503 330 fourth Industrial revolution knowledge economy labour market of the future specialist training https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.3/ 03_Nunes-Eskivel-Dubolazov.pdf

RAR RUS 46-55 Nekrasova Tatyana dean@fem.spbstu.ru Pupentsova Svetlana pupentsova@spbgpu-dreem.ru Gartseva Ekaterina katgartseva@gmail.com Forecasting the market of infocommunication services in Russia We have analyzed the market of infocommunication services in Russia. The number of both mobile Internet users and fixed-line Internet subscribers increased in 2011-2017. In 2017, mobile Internet in Russia was used by 124.83 million people, which is 7.7 % higher than in 2016, and 47.7 % higher than in 2011; 93 % of mobile Internet subscribers are users of broadband Internet access with a declared speed of 256 Kbps. However, even though mobile operators still have large revenues from mobile communications, no serious revenue increase can be reported in the sector. For this reason, Russian telecom companies are beginning to follow the path of digital development, namely, developing financial services, system integration, e-commerce and the Internet of things. Active development of this line of business in the near future will lead to a decrease in the share of telecom services in the revenues, but mobile operators will not suffer much as the decrease will be offset by revenue from new activities. Analysis of the status and specifics of the telecom services market has revealed two issues that merit more detailed consideration: 1) finding the capacity of the telecom services market; 2) forecasting the number of mobile Internet users. An existing method for determining the market capacity is an estimate that takes into account the purchasing activity and the level of demand. For the info-communication market, this is the volume of all expected purchases, namely, the charges for using cellular communication, the Internet and the like for a specific audience for the billing period, for example, one year. We have calculated three types of market capacity using the example of the mobile operator MegaFon: the potential, the available and the actual. The estimation of market capacity was performed taking into account the number of consumers of cellular communication services, the average number of services for data transmission per one subscriber and the average cost of one service for a subscriber. The potential of the market (the difference between the potential and available capacity) allows to determine the growth potential. The given data indicate that the telecommunication market is exhausting itself. In order to be successful in the market, the cellular operators need to expand their business by seeking new directions for development. The Gompertz curve was used to determine the predicted number of mobile Internet users. The graph has an S-shape. The number of subscribers is limited. The number is approaching 137 million people. The forecast was carried out up to 2030. Thus, the stage of saturation takes place at present and the Russian market of infocommunications (in terms of the number of subscribers) has already significantly slowed down its growth. Providing high-speed broadband Internet access, fourth (4G) and then fifth (5G) generation mobile communication and introducing digital services can be considered as a strategic objective. 10.18721/JE.11504 338.27 infocommunications forecast market capacity market potential Homperts curve digital services https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.4/ 04_Nekrasova-Pupentsova-Gartseva.pdf

RAR RUS 56-65 Krasnyuk Ludmila liudmila8998@yandex.ru Uvarov Vladimir Liudmila8998@yandex.ru Dedegkaev Victor Klv_2015@bk.ru Evaluation of the current paradigm of state industrial policy Transforming industrial policy in the context of modernization requires forming a new paradigm and substantiating its development imperatives. The complexity and scale of this problem necessitates refining the concept of paradigm, which is the interaction between the method and the subject of the evolving theory. The existing active paradigms possessed a more heuristic and constructive potential, reflecting only the theoretical aspect of paradigm formation. There are currently two different basic approaches to industrial policy-making. The first approach is typical for France, Japan and some European countries. This approach involves active state intervention in the economy. The second approach focuses on the creation of a certain “economic environment”, which is to say that the state does not exert a direct influence on enterprises or industries, carrying out indirect regulation instead. Industrial policy is directly related to investment policy, which is a component of economic policy. Public innovation policies gain importance in times of technological crises, with the transition from the old to the new technological order. In these circumstances, government support for basic innovations and use of antimonopoly legislation is needed to limit the impact of existing monopolies representing obsolete technologies. The key issue of industrial policy is identifying the priority areas of socio-economic development. Government support is needed to achieve industrial policy objectives. Industrial policy should currently focus on resource conservation, development of new industries, improving competitiveness based on knowledge-intensive and high-tech products, along with protecting the environment. As a result of the study and evaluation of the existing paradigm of industrial policy, we have found the inertia of industrial policy development, as well as the asymmetry between the needs of industry and the strategic potential. This has lead to reduced effectiveness of industrial policy at the macro- and micro-levels, reduced investment attractiveness of individual industries and to lack of innovations. 10.18721/JE.11505 338, 658 transformation of industrial policy; evolution of ideas about industrial policy; paradigm of industrial policy; tools of industrial policy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.5/ 05_Krasnyuk-Uvarov-Dedegkaev.pdf

RAR RUS 66-73 Kudryavtseva Tatiana tankud28@mail.ru Skhvediani Angi shvediani_ae@spbstu.ru Analysis of the relationship between cluster specialization and gross regional product Growth of economic systems depends on the development of their structural elements. Clusters are such structural elements in the context of economic analysis of a country at a meso-level, i.e., regional level. The goal of this study is to estimate the influence of regional cluster specialization on gross regional product (GRP). We have tested the hypotheses that there is a positive relationship between regional cluster specialization and GRP in the short and long term. In order to test these hypotheses, we have used the main theoretical and methodological aspects for cluster identification within the “top-down” approach. Firstly, we have discussed the practice of using the localization quotient (LQ) for cluster identification and shown various approaches for determining its cut-off value. After that, we have selected a method for analysis of regional cluster specialization, proposed by Lindquist, and adjusted it for the specifics of Russia’s economic structure. We have estimated the influence of cluster specialization on gross regional product. In order to assess regional cluster specialization, we have calculated the localization quotient, cluster size and cluster focus for 37 clusters in 80 regions of Russia during 2011–2015. We awarded a star to a cluster if the value of the localization quotient, cluster size» or focus exceeded their cut-off value. Further, we have summed up the stars for each cluster in a given region, in order to calculate cluster specialization of the region. Finally, we have conducted regression analysis and confirmed the hypotheses that there was a positive relationship between the level of cluster specialization and the GRP during 2011–2015. Consequently, we have confirmed the existence of positive agglomeration effects appearing as a result high level of cluster specialization of a region. These results and instruments may serve as reference points for development and rationalization of government cluster policy. 10.18721/JE.11506 332.1 regional cluster specialization localization quotient gross regional product cluster policy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.6/ 06_Kudryavtseva-Shvediani.pdf

RAR RUS 74-86 Rubtsov Gennady genadij.rubtzov@yandex.ru Litvinenko Alexander Lanfk@mail.ru Analysis of stages of assessing performance of executive authorities of the Russian Federation Assessing the performance of regional executive authorities is an issue that is currently gaining importance in Russia. The country’s leadership regards this tool as an effective measure for implementing economic policies stimulating regional development. This is confirmed by the close attention paid by the President and the Government to the institution of performance assessment. The methodologies for implementing the assessment system have changed repeatedly since 2007. Even today, with a new approach to performance assessment adopted, the final version is far from complete. The goal of the study is to discuss the experience of performance assessment of regional authorities: analyze the regulatory framework and the critical appraisals it received from the scientific community, review the alternative concepts and proposals. Analysis has revealed three stages in the development of the system for assessing the performance of executive authorities of the Russian Federation; we have considered the specifics of each stage and identified a number of patterns occurring during its formation, including: consecutive reduction of indicators of performance assessment observed at the second and third stages, increase in the importance of population surveys (quality component) in generating the final results, especially noticeable in a new assessment methodology from 2017. At the same time, the study has shown that the institution for introducing a mechanism for performance assessment of executive authorities is still far from perfect, despite the rich experience accumulated. As a result, we have concluded that it is necessary and expedient to improve the assessment methodologies. We have made some proposals for developing threshold values for indicators, introducing a procedure for assessing the performance of industry-specific sectoral committees and departments by improving the criteria for assessing the performance of regional authorities and making a transition to total assessment of performance of regional executive authorities in Russian Federation based on the «quality» criterion. 10.18721/JE.11507 332.1 regional economy federal subject of Russian Federation region social and economic policy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.7/ 07_Rubtsov-Litvinenko.pdf

RAR RUS 87-100 Voiku Ivan voiku-ivan@yandex.ru Donchenko Mikhail delta-t.dma@mail.ru Semenov Sergey engin@rci60.ru Conditions for development of engineering services for small and medium-sized industrial enterprises (with the example of the Pskov Region) We have considered the conditions for developing engineering services for small and medium-sized businesses engaged in manufacturing. We have established that engineering, which is a costly and fairly risky activity aimed at rapidly implementing technological solutions, is an important direction for development. We have systematized the specifics of development of engineering services in the Pskov Region. We have considered in detail the conditions for development of engineering services in the Pskov region in three main groups: regulatory and legal, production capacity and support infrastructure. The engineering aspects of the system of strategic and result-oriented planning documents are presented. Potential consumers of engineering services in the Pskov Region are divided into three groups: the industrial electrical cluster; Moglino, a special economic zone of industrial production type; industrial enterprises of the Pskov region. We have assessed specific engineering tasks that small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises are incapable of solving independently. The article proposes the segmentation of consumers of engineering services among small and medium-sized businesses engaged in a particular type of production activity, ranking the subjects according to a number of economic criteria or their combination: key economic indicators of performance (the amount of revenue, investment and fixed assets per production enterprise); the structure of certain types of costs for production and sale of goods; the growth rate (reduction) of costs of machinery, equipment and vehicles; the degree of wear and tear of machinery and vehicles; the dynamics of the degree of influence of innovation results on compliance with modern technical regulations, rules and standards. We have considered the structure of regional infrastructure support of engineering services, including financial, information and consulting and property support, support of export and investment activities. We have assessed the production potential, described the infrastructure of development of small and medium-sized businesses of the region from the standpoint of segmentation of consumers of engineering services. As a conclusion, we have highlighted the most obvious conditions for developing engineering services for small and medium-sized businesses in the Pskov Region. 10.18721/JE.11508 338.465.2 engineering services subjects enterprise manufacturing activity conditions need industry infrastructure https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.8/ 08_Voyku-Donchenko-Semenov.pdf

RAR RUS 101-110 Kolobov Aleksandr 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Petrenia Iurii Igumnov Evgeny Ensuring stable development of business systems for enterprises The competitive situation in an industry imposes constantly increasing requirements to production, meaning that a company’s activities have to be optimized, reducing the time of development and implementation of administrative decisions. Practically all companies have been actively engaged in increasing the operational efficiency: the main business processes are transformed, new methods of work take root, ways of motivation of employees are improved and labor productivity is increased. For this reason, the task of developing an approach that would allow to constantly and systematically increase the efficiency of an enterprise’s activity becomes particularly important. This approach includes a set of interconnected elements allowing to optimize the strategy of achieving ambitious goals including choosing, implementing and adjusting the tools for improvement. The efficiency of this approach depends on the level to which the enterprise is ready for changes, i.e., on the level of development of the enterprise system. If the enterprise’s degree of readiness for changes is low, the stability of the transformations introduced decreases, the operational results cannot be increased, the possibility of further development is hindered and the competitiveness is reduced. If the enterprise’s degree of readiness for changes is high, the financial results can be constantly improved, maintaining a high level of productivity for the enterprise, despite the changing internal or external factors or un predicted perturbations in separate areas. The article describes the approach for assessing the level of development of business systems. We have defined the set of interconnected elements providing stable introduction of business system tools, allowing employees to achieve ambitious goals through using instruments of continuous improvement. We have offered elements for assessment: value of the company, strategy, goal-setting, involvement, organizational structure, customer focus, accounting system, safety of work, business system infrastructure, business system configuration, role of the CEO. Applying this approach allows to determine the degree of readiness of the company for transformations at the stage of diagnostics, to create the optimum program for introducing the tools and to raise the degree of stability of development of the business system of a specific company. 10.18721/JE.11509 519.3:621.16 business system stability of the company instruments of improvement assessment of development level https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.9/ 09_Kolobov-Gluhov-Petrenya-Igumnov.pdf

RAR RUS 111-118 Izmaylov Maxim max78rus@ya.ru 0000-0002-4144-4287 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kobzev Vladimir emm@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg,195251

Approach to forming performance contracts for management of fixed assets of industrial enterprises The article considers the main systemic approaches to improving the efficiency of management of fixed assets of industrial enterprises, such as budgeting, “lean production”, corporate reorganization, intrapreneurship. We have found the limitations to using the given approaches in Russian economy, related both to institutional imperfection of the economy and to lack of financial resources of most organizations necessary for comprehensive modernization of the fixed assets system. In addition, many Russian industrial enterprises lack the organizational and human resources necessary for comprehensive reorganization of management of fixed assets, in particular, in introducing intrapreneurship or the modern principles of lean production. We have proposed an approach to forming performance contracts for management of fixed assets of an industrial enterprise. A performance contract implies that fixed assets are transferred to temporary management in order to modernize a third-party specialized company. This kind of company undertakes to increase the efficiency of fixed assets within a certain period by no less than a strictly predetermined quantity (in terms of energy intensity of fixed capital, capital intensity of production, specific costs for repair and maintenance of fixed assets, other criteria for effective use of fixed assets). We have defined the subject structure of the parties of the performance contract and their functional duties. We have systematized the main advantages of the proposed scheme of performance contract for modern industrial enterprises in need of system modernization of fixed assets management. The main advantage of the proposed approach for an industrial enterprise is the possibility of obtaining qualified external management of fixed assets, focused on systematic increase in their efficiency. At the same time, the performance contract does not require significant additional investments into modernization of fixed assets; their efficiency is increased mainly through organizational and economic measures, which also require certain costs but significantly less than financing of production programs of complex modernization of fixed assets. 10.18721/JE.11510 346.32 : 338.24 : 620.9 fixed assets performance contract modernization depreciation capital productivity capital intensity of production budgeting https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.10/ 10_Izmaylov-Kobzev.pdf

RAR RUS 119-128 55801324500 0000-0001-5877-9342 Volgograd State Technical University Merzlikina Galina merzlikina@vstu.ru

28, Lenina Ave., Volgograd, Russia, 400005

Kuzmina Ekaterina katerina993@yandex.ru Balanced system of indicators for estimating cluster performance In modern conditions of globalization, the most acute problem of the country's economic development is to increase the efficiency of the region. The main engine of growth of economic, production and innovative performance indicators not only in the region but also in the country, are the clusters. A very controversial point in the scientific research of the clusters and the features of their creation and operation is the problem of assessing the effectiveness of not only its activities, but also individual economic entities that are its participants. The review of scientists ' research in the issues of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of clusters allows us to conclude that the proposed indicators do not fully objectively reflect the effectiveness of activities. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the cluster should be carried out using a balanced scorecard. As part of the research, the authors propose a balanced system for assessing the performance of the cluster. For a comprehensive and objective assessment of the balanced system of indicators of an estimation of efficiency of activity of the cluster must include three subsystems: the financial subsystem, the socioeconomic subsystem, the innovation subsystem. Implementation of the review of theoretical and empirical data shows that the algorithm for analyzing the effectiveness of clusters should be based on a balance of two balanced evaluations: a balanced system of performance indicators of the cluster and evaluation of the functioning of enterprises that are members of the cluster. The essence of the assessment is to compare the balanced performance indicators before the creation of the cluster and as a result of its operation. In order to assess the effectiveness of the cluster based on a balanced scorecard used chemical and pharmaceutical cluster in the Volgograd region. The chemical and pharmaceutical cluster belongs to the high-tech and innovative sector of the economy, which provides a significant share of the gross domestic product of the country and provides additional jobs. The results of the testing of a balanced scorecard to assess the effectiveness of the cluster revealed a synergistic effect. Production enterprises through the creation of a cluster increase financial and innovative performance, resulting in an increase in socio-economic indicators. The positive dynamics of each enterprise in particular and the cluster together leads to the growth of financial, innovative and socio-economic indicators of the economy in the region, while increasing the competitiveness of the region and the economy as a whole. 10.18721/JE.11511 332.14 balanced scorecard effectiveness efficiency performance evaluation clustering economics regional cluster pharmaceutical cluster https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.11/ 11_Merzlikina-Kuzmina.pdf

RAR RUS 129-141 Markova Nina scullyy@yandex.ru Markov Denis damarkov@pstu.ru Features of learning process in lean manufacturing At the present stage of society’s development, intellectual resources, information and knowledge are the core values and the key factors determining the outcome of competition. Modern economy is based not just on material resources flow but rather on exchanging and using ideas, knowledge and information, with human knowledge and skills being one of society’s most valuable resources. Because of that, knowledge and continued learning have become the critical success. Increasing the competitive status of an enterprise depends on its intellectual capital, on the professional skills of its employees and their motivation to create a competitive product, to constantly improve their expertise. Learning and self-learning of the employees becomes a critical factor for success in these conditions. Enterprises that adopt self-organization and self-development practices and create a corporative culture where the employees are motivated to improve their skills, interested in the enterprise’s success and grow their value through learning and self-learning will be leaders in the market. It is typical for the self-developing and self-organized enterprises that learning means creating, disseminating and systematizing new knowledge. Employee can improve their skills by self-learning, transforming these skills to money through active use by the enterprise. The knowledge necessary for improvement, the rules allowing to take a point of view and the experience allowing to accumulate and use these rules multiple times are the necessary components to adopting lean manufacturing. The concept of lean manufacturing implies that the best solution for problems can be found where the problems emerged. This means that the employees learn solving problems independently, using methods of analyzes, monitoring and finding the best solution to the problem. The analysis of lean enterprises shows that these enterprises have learning and self-learning elements such as new knowledge, motivation to learning, enterprise culture. The processes of learning and self-learning contribute to synergy when employees who wish to and have the opportunity to learn move up the career ladder and bring benefits to the enterprise, regularly searching for objects to improve with a view of the value for the consumer. 10.18721/JE.11512 658 learning self-learning motivation knowledge self-organization self-development lean manufacturing https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.12/ 12_Markova-Markov.pdf

RAR RUS 142-149 Evreinov Oleg naysmith@yandex.ru Bardachevich Anna project@spig.spb.ru Development of project approach to the organization of personnel training process of the enterprise The effectiveness of the organization of activities for the management of personnel of the enterprise is one of the fundamental conditions for achieving high financial and economic indicators. Personnel management is based on a set of activities, one of which is the organization of training at various levels. The purpose of this article is to develop the most optimal approach to the organization of the training system in modern conditions. To achieve this goal, the article analyzes the existing methods of organization of the training system and its subsequent evaluation, identified shortcomings and proposed a more effective approach to the organization of activities to improve the competence of staff. In a dynamic environment, an important tool for the organization of management activities is teamwork, allowing more fully use the potential of employees and create synergies from joint activities. The system of personnel training is advisable to organize, based on the creation of project-oriented learning groups, including representatives of different departments and levels of management. This allows you to create an extended matrix of expected competencies-new knowledge, skills and abilities received by staff after training. The project approach allows to expand the scope of application of the new principles of work from a separate unit (group of employees) to the enterprise as a whole. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the learning process should be based on an expanded approach to the accounting of quantitative and qualitative parameters characterizing the transformation of knowledge into the results of financial and economic activities. A differentiated performance assessment should be made for each staff member, taking into account the level of knowledge gained and participation in the production process. Identification of the degree of increasing the level of competence is necessary to develop further measures in the framework of the organization of the training system, the formulation of areas of application of new knowledge and skills in the production process, optimization of management impact. The use of project approach to the learning process allows to optimize the financial resources of the enterprise both at the stage of the learning process and in further management activities. 10.18721/JE.11513 658.3.07:331.108.4 training effectiveness project approach team work assessment methods personnel competence https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.13/ 13_Evreinov-Bardashevich.pdf

RAR RUS 150-163 Duzhinski Ramziya ramzia@aol.com Toroptsev Evgeny Maraxovskij Alexander marahov@yandex.ru Prospects of integration of information and analytical possibilities of equilibrium and input-output models The article considers the prospect of combining two methodologies of mathematical modeling. The first methodology, based on computational models of general economic equilibrium (CGE models), has been used for modeling the development of economic policies for nearly half a century. These models have self-sufficient methodological bases as well as a solid mathematical apparatus for predicting and solving problems of analysis, forecasting and planning. The second methodology is based on a dynamic model of input-output balance (IUM). The main purpose of the study has been to identify the positive aspects of combining the two models. The CGE models are based on such provisions of neoclassical economic theory as comparative statics, Samuelson's correspondence principle, and the assumption of economic stability. If the growing economies are stable, then it is possible to ensure the objectivity of CGE modeling in terms of the degree of economic growth calculated from the dynamic model of input-output balance. The article highlights the importance of mutual integration of both the general economic equilibrium (CGE models) modeling and dynamic models of input-output balance in solving a multitude of problems. Indeed, CGE models provide flexibility in representing the agents of the modern economy; those models are easily modified and can determine how much the current economic situation differs from equilibrium in all markets. At the same time, dynamic models of  input-output balance, written in the form of a system of algebraic and differential equations, open up opportunities for investigating the problems of sustainability and economic growth. We have established that the best results can be obtained through mutual integration of both the general economic equilibrium (CGE) models whose properties can control economic growth with dynamic models of input-output balance. The CGE-IUM complex should not only allow to determine the state of economic equilibrium more reasonably but should help generate the signals for managing the economy that ensure its transition to the so-called cone of main economic growth trajectories and maintaining the corresponding macroeconomic proportions. In this case, the probabilistic nature of the prediction can be divided into qualitatively different trajectories of economic dynamics of macrosystems. We have made an attempt to discuss the issues of mathematical modeling in economics without using mathematical formulas. This is acceptable for a study that only poses a problem for research. The ultimate goal of our project is developing a new class of models of economic systems. 10.18721/JE.11514 330.366 General equilibrium model cross-industry balance sheet model economy economic growth stability forecasts model integration https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.73.14/ 14_Duzhinski-Toroptsev-Marahovskiy.pdf