2782-6015 11 3 2018 1-223

RAR RUS 9-20 Vasilenko Natalya Externalities and rationality of the behavior of economic agents in socio-ecological-economic systems The article is dedicated to the problem of sustainable functioning of socio-ecological- economic systems in the modern economy. The mutual influence of changes in the natural conditions of human life, development of economic activity and the level of satisfaction of human needs is discussed. The problem of rational behavior of economic agents in the conditions of sustainable development is solved based on applying the concept of external effects as the achievement of the welfare theory and the institutional theory. The choice of theoretical grounds for the study is justified by the substantive aspects of the interpretation of sustainable development. Based on the generalization of the basic approaches to understanding the essence of external effects and their types emerging in socio-ecological-economic systems are discussed. It is shown that a form of manifestation of agglomeration externalities are the effects of urbanization, reflecting the consequences of population concentration and economic activity, and the clustering effects associated with various organizational forms of innovation in the modern economy. We have grouped the external effects of technology parks taking into account the triangle of relations "economy - society - nature". Institutional and sectoral effects, caused by changes in the characteristics of organizational structures of the economy, and spatial and infrastructural effects that consist in obtaining benefits or losses of regions connected by a single infrastructure, primarily transport infrastructure, have been identified as the most important forms of the manifestation of the redistributive externalities in the socio-ecological-economic systems. Institutional and sectoral externalities are traced on the example of the positive effects of investment into small businesses. It is shown that the prerequisites for the external consumption effects in socio-ecological- economic systems are the use of materials that are not optimal from the environmental standpoint, and also excessive demonstrative consumption. Based on the systematization of criteria for grouping various organizational and economic characteristics of external effects, a comparative analysis of the main types of external effects that occur in socio-ecological-economic systems was carried out. The principles of internalization of external agglomeration effects and redistributional external effects, as well as directions of internalization of external consumption effects are determined. It is shown that for rationally taking into account the environmental factor, a valuable reorientation of the rational behavior of economic agents is necessary. The directions for further research related to forming an institutional environment that stimulates economic subjects to achieve sustainability of socio-ecological-economic systems are suggested 10.18721/JE.11301 330.15 socio-ecological-economic systems rational behavior externalities agglomeration externalities redistribution externalities consumption externalities https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.1/ 01_vasilenko.pdf

RAR RUS 21-31 P-9937-2015 57191192862 0000-0002-9441-7696 V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Burkaltseva Diana di_a@mail.ru

Vernadskogo Prospekt,4, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295007

Epifanova Olga onepifanova@gmail.com Zherebov Egor Ovchinnikov Roman qroman01@mail.ru Institutional support of financial and economic security in conditions of digitalization The authors examined the technology of blocking in the article, considered ICO – the primary location of tokens in order to attract financial resources. The process of attracting investment in ICO is much easier and shorter in time. The main risks associated with investing in the crypto currency: insecurity on the part of the state, lack of regulation in this area, lack of control over the financial condition of the issuer and the targeted nature of the use of funds. The methodological basis of research in the article is the dialectical method of scientific cognition, the systemic and institutional approach to the study of the formation of the digital economy in Russia. The structural scheme is presented in which the institutional foundations of financial and economic security management are presented in the conditions of digitalization, the interrelation of the impact of internal and external threats, determines the internal and external factors that exert both direct and indirect influence on the security of the business entity. The scheme is divided into 5 blocks, which cover the individual scales of the functioning of the business entity. There is an objective need to create regulatory legal acts that can protect against external and internal threats (primarily, crime), while balancing and establishing the interests, rights and obligations of all parties to the issue and circulation of crypto currency already exists. In this aspect, it is important to observe the balance of permissive and prohibitive measures, since it is necessary to investigate and ensure the nature and intensive development of the crypto-industry in the Russian Federation, suppressing the criminal threats that arise in this area with the use of blocking technologies. 10.18721/JE.11302 330; 336 ICO investment resources innovative tools blockchain digitalization institutionalization state regulation https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.2/ 02_burkalceva_epifanova_gerebov_ovchinnikov.pdf

RAR RUS 32-44 Zharov Vladimir zharov_vs@mail.ru The interrelation of technological and economic development of production systems To implement the "industry 4.0" strategy and increase the rate of economic growth in Russia, it is necessary to digitalize the management processes of economic development of production systems in conjunction with their technological development. It is shown that the practical interpretation of the theory of endogenous economic growth is possible on the models of technological development of individual companies. The indicator of the technological progress rate has been identified for the models of exogenous economic growth and the coefficient of the technological production level has been proposed, which can be quantified according to statistical reports. Its absolute value depends on the level of capital equipment of production systems, and the growth is associated with a significant update of the active part of fixed assets on a new technological basis. It is established that technological development of production systems is possible in four directions, but the first and fourth directions can be realized in two variants reflected in the corresponding matrix. We have investigated the relationship between these areas and the sequence of transition from one direction to another, characterizing the life cycle of technological development of production systems. We have presented a graphical model of such a cycle including six stages. For each stage of development, the economic indicator (material efficiency, capital efficiency or coefficient of level of technological development) is defined. We have developed a practical method for calculating the moment of time showing the completion of each individual stage. It is shown how the transition of one stage to another has an impact on the change in the cost of production of enterprises. Optimum moments of time for changing the production technology or improving it are defined. Thus, it is revealed that the new equipment or technology for further increasing the production efficiency has to provide the necessary level of capital productivity, and the way of calculating this level is offered. To manage the effective technological and economic development of production systems, it is necessary to additionally include the coefficient of the level of technological efficiency of production and the investment and innovation leverage in the system of Balanced Indicators. It is offered to use the interrelation of processes of technological and economic development of production systems with calculation of the corresponding indicators when carrying out the investment and innovation analysis and forecasting of results of innovative activity, which determines the possibility of digitalization of management of these processes. 10.18721/JE.11303 338.3 models of endogenous economic growth matrix areas of technological development manufacturing system life cycle stages of technologies output indicators of stages ratio of level of technological development investment and innovation leverage https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.3/ 03_dgarov.pdf

RAR RUS 45-58 Krasyuk Irina iri-krasjuk@yandex.ru Kirillova Tatiana Analysis of innovative approaches to developing network interaction in the system of commodity circulation The paper considers the network interaction in the system of commodity circulation. We have proved that the cooperation of production links leads to a continuum of management structures of inter-firm interaction. Network enterprises have a high level of innovation activity.  The systematization of scientific studies made it possible to substantiate our hypothesis that the effectiveness of network interaction has an impact on the innovative activity of enterprises. Network interaction in the system of commodity circulation involves service activities, in particular, providing trade services that improve the quality of service interaction. The effectiveness of networking is influenced by the ongoing logistics processes. Implementation of innovations depends on the one hand on the adaptation of the enterprise to innovations, and on correction of the innovation depending on internal environment of the enterprise on the other hand. To improve the quality of innovative decisions, it is necessary to create an innovation center responsible for improving the innovation potential. The basis of sustainable development of network trade is system-adaptive institutional regulation of commodity turnover, which allows to increase the innovative potential of the enterprise. Implementation of trade innovations occurs permanently, as they appear in the fields of information and computer technology, manufacturing refrigeration equipment, commercial and technological equipment, formation of new approaches in logistics, new marketing concepts, etc. Network trade is the leader in innovation.  It has a powerful resource potential that allows to synthesize the network interaction of the production and consumption system. The effectiveness of the system of commodity circulation is determined by the synergetic interaction of production and consumption, which is based on the adaptive mechanism of innovative development of economic subjects of the market. To determine the effectiveness of innovative processes implemented in the system of commodity circulation, we have developed the indicators of innovative development. The proposed methodology for assessing the innovative activity of network trade based on determining the effectiveness of the trade organization before and after introducing innovations allows to determine and justify the effectiveness of innovative activity of trade enterprises. 10.18721/JE.11304 339.1 networking innovation system of commodity circulation innovative processes manufacturing network integrated estimation of innovative activity https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.4/ 04_krasuk_kirillova.pdf

RAR RUS 59-71 Toistyakov Roman Guchetl Ruzana egf@tambov.ru Gorbunov Igor IAGorbunoff@mail.ru Communication space of viral video marketing Viral marketing is a modern form of marketing communication that takes into account the specifics of consumer behavior within the framework of the Web 3.0 public information paradigm. Effective implementation of a campaign requires study of the communication environment. The article analyzes the existing social networks and their users. Active users act as relays for the message. The concentration of active users determines the communication activity of the social network.  The sample of the study consisted of 101 social networks, which were classified according to the following criteria: content subject; Yandex search statistics result; Google search statistics result; text, photo and video content availability; on-line games availability; file sharing within the network. As a result of the analysis, a set of social networks in 30 different thematic groups on the basis of which viral video campaigns can be conducted has been identified. Video streaming sites are also part of the communication space. The article provides a brief review and analysis of the following video hosting services: YouTube, Rutube, Видео@Mail.Ru, Яндекс.Видео, Сибнет.Видео, Flickr, Myvi, BigMir, Tvigle.ru, Vimeo, MetaCafe, Dailymotion, Vevo, HowCast, VK, OK, Smotri.com. We have proved the expediency of basic hosting on a YouTube channel with subsequent retransmission to other thematic hosting services. We have analyzed the trends of YouTube as a market of viral videos. The initial sample of the analysis was 3500 channels with Russian-language content and more than 1000 subscribers. The top 10 channels by number of subscribers and by number of views were selected from 15 thematic groups, which allowed to identify the most popular topics of video; the relationship between the total views and the total number of subscribers, the relationship between the daily changes in these parameters. The tendencies characteristic for the communication space of viral video marketing have been defined. 10.18721/JE.11305 339.13 social network video hosting YouTube viral marketing video https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.5/ 05_tolstyakov_guchetl_gorbunov.pdf

RAR RUS 72-84 Sinyavets Tatiana omtibonn@gmail.com Rodina Larisa RodinaLA@omsu.ru Perspectives for the development of the Siberian Federal District from the standpoint of knowledge economy With the rapid development of world economy and Russia’s involvement in it more researchers face the question of whether we are ready to build a postindustrial society,  whether we are capable of joining the world chains of generating values, whether we have all the necessary conditions and factors to make a transition to knowledge economy as a basis for future society. An objective opinion on the situation considering regional potentials will help researchers identify reserves for the development of industries and territories along with perspectives. The object studied in this article is the Siberian Federal District. We have discussed the major problem that the government's strategy for the development of Siberia until 2020, focused on traditional industries and resources of the region, is implemented only partially, and tried to determine whether there are prospects for the development of the region on the basis of assessing its potential from the standpoint of knowledge economy. Hypotheses are made about the current regional conditions for transition to post-industrial economy, the factors which influence this transition. The research methods are systematization, abstraction and comparative analysis. The following conditions for postindustrial region development have been specified in the course of the study: nature resources, productive base for space industry enterprises, heavy machinery, oil extraction and recycling, machine tools enterprises, etc., along with a stable financial system in the region, fast developing information infrastructure, human capital. The core development directions are identified as space industry machinery, electronics and environmental safety. The factors stimulating and restricting regional growth have been defined from a knowledge economy standpoint. The results are in the conclusion that labor resources move to the service sector, which is common for postindustrial economy; the Ministry of economy and development is actively forming regional clusters considering macrotechnologies; there exist several problems in the development of regional scientific partnerships, including the one in the Siberian Federal University. Results should be taken into consideration while forming a regional strategy up to 2050 and also while improving the scientific partnership among the units of the Siberian Federal District. The study proved the hypothesis that the current conditions favor the development of high technological industries and formation of quality-based human resources, provided that the issues with regional financial support, anti-corruption policies and state and regional support for higher education and scientific research are resolved. 10.18721/JE.11306 332.1 Siberian Federal District knowledge economy post-industrial economy development perspectives intellectual potential education research results scientific cooperation clustering scenarios https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.6/ 06_sinyavets_rodina.pdf

RAR RUS 85-95 Sadovnichaya Anna avsadov@gmail.com Regulation and standardization as a function and form of strategizing for exhibition and fair industry (based on analytical studies of industrial shows) Continuing development of the exhibition industry, current trends and processes indicate the formation of a new sector of the global and national economies, with turnover exceeding 25 billion US dollars in 2016. Increasing intrasectoral competition, globalization, players tapping new markets, and intensive mergers and acquisitions, as well as the importance of exhibition mechanisms in implementing state priorities all predetermine the need for sectoral strategy. Developing a system of sectoral standards based on international standards is becoming very urgent. The participants of the exhibition and trade-fair sector require uniform rules in the field of organizing exhibition events, ensuring their security, developing human resources, expanding the infrastructure of exhibition facilities. The existing state regulatory mechanisms for the exhibition and trade-fair sector vary greatly from country to country, depending on the exhibition process maturity and on the issues that the state aims to resolve by means of exhibitions. The key sector participants, their professional associations, and the exhibitors choosing exhibitions to demonstrate their products and technologies now discuss the issues of boundaries of the sector’s self-regulation. How much does the sector need state regulation? What kind of legislative, information and financial support for exhibition and trade-fair activities should be provided by the state, professional and sectoral unions and associations? The answers to these questions are directly linked to the task of developing strategies for both the regulatory system and the development of the exhibition industry. The issues of intellectual property protection, special modes of import and export of exhibits, tax regimes for exhibition complexes, compensation of expenses to the participants of international exhibitions, holding state tenders for organizers of national expositions, and many others are in the focus of attention. The strategic value of the exhibition and trade-fair activities is determined by its function of an economy powerhouse. Long-term action plans are not enough to use this mechanism effectively. The sectoral strategy should be formed on the basis of national interests and those state priorities that can and should be implemented by means of the exhibition and trade-fair activities. These priorities include, among others, the development of the country's technological potential, the digitalization of its economy, and the protection of interests in the field of international cooperation. 10.18721/JE.11307 339 strategic priorities exhibition and fair activity international exhibition role of trade fairs in economic development state support for exhibitors exhibition organizer fairground https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.7/ 07_sadovnichaya.pdf

RAR RUS 96-107 Sherbekova Anara jannat-82@mail.ru Sydykova Cholpon Ysyrailova Jannat jannat-82@mail.ru Innovative approach to management of road construction in the Kyrgyz Republic The issue of using innovations in the road sector is very relevant, since the quality of roads and its consumer properties depends on the economic growth of the Kyrgyz Republic, where roads are the main routes of communication both within the country and with other countries. Modern roads built with innovative technologies will improve road safety, become more durable and will meet international standards. The introduction of innovations should be based on the study of the experience of the near and far abroad, in particular the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, the improvement of the regulatory and legal framework and management of road construction. The article considers innovative approaches to management of road construction (hereinafter referred to as RC) of the Kyrgyz Republic, since the existing control system for RC was developed in the last century and does not meet the modern economic needs and operational requirements. Factors determining the need for an innovative approach to RC management in the Kyrgyz Republic are considered. Factors determining the need for an innovative approach to the management of the RH of the Kyrgyz Republic are considered. Innovative approaches to RC management in the Kyrgyz Republic are determined: updating the RC management technologies, methods of organizing RC and managing financial and economic indicators of RC. The sequence of the innovative process of implementing the RC management is proposed. The key point of the innovative approach to RC management is selecting the sources of funding for RC. The current system of financing does not significantly enhance the innovative activities in the road sector of the Kyrgyz Republic. As an innovative source of financing, the article considers the formation of an innovative Road Fund with sources and mechanisms indicated and a public-private partnership. The need for forming and actively using the innovative Road Fund with sources and mechanisms indicated in the Kyrgyz Republic is due to the fact that in recent years, the construction and reconstruction of highways in the Kyrgyz Republic have been financed mainly through foreign loans that increase the state's external debt. 10.18721/JE.11308 330.341.1+625.72+575.2(045/046) network of automobile roads road sector financial support reproduction of roads innovation innovative approaches financing road fund state-private partnership https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.8/ 08_shenekova_sadykova_ysyrailova.pdf

RAR RUS 108-118 Abdyldaeva Umut tilek-0015@mail.ru Analysis of capital structure theories and their applicability in a market economy Traditional theory of capital structure is virtually never applied in practice as a result of its inadequacy, which necessitates the development of new approaches to capital management of construction organizations in modern conditions. In this regard, this article explores all the classical and neoclassical concepts of money management in organizations of the construction industry The capital structure is one of the important tasks in making effective management decisions for each organization. Sources of financing the activities of the organization can be divided into three main groups: own, attracted and borrowed. Own sources together with the attracted sources of financing form the company's own capital, which includes: funds received from additional issue and placement of shares; additional issue of units or contributions to the authorized capital; funds allocated by higher-level organizations; other external sources necessary for the formation of own financial resources. Borrowed funds represent a loan received for a specified period and subject to return with payment of the established interest for its use. They also act as liabilities of the company, forming its borrowed capital. This includes loans from banks, funds that are received from the issue of bonds and other debt obligations, commodity loans, etc. Thus, on the basis of the above, attracted and borrowed funds can be considered to participate in forming the capital of the organization, each in its own way, and we can conclude that we have determined the specifics of the structure of financial resources and capital. The strategic importance of making such decisions is due to the high costs that arise, both under capital underutilization and excessive use of credit resources, hampering the development of the organization. In this connection, in the context of the crisis, the rational structure of capital acquires particular urgency in view of the goal to efficiently use available resources, as well as to obtain maximum profit. Often in such cases, management personnel use not only the techniques of the traditional concept, but also create new concepts of capital structure individual for the enterprise. 10.18721/JE.11309 338.2:338.244 (575.2) (043.3) capital construction organizations theory management structure of capital optimization profit maximization stability https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.9/ 09_abdylaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 119-127 Osipova Marya osipova.mu@mail.ru Butorina Oksana ok.butorina@yandex.ru Starodumova Yuliya nika.raid@gmail.com Shishkina Irina irvik-59@mail.ru Features of the investment cycle in modern macroeconomic conditions The concept of the «investment cycle» is defined within the framework of the recurrent approach, which can be interpreted as a structural component of progressive macroeconomic development characterized by: recurrence in time (periodicity); sequential change of states; the presence of recurrent dependencies, whose sustaining nature determines the current basic trends. Based on our definitions of the neo-industrial economy, innovation economy, information economy, we have identified the relationships between the characteristics reflecting the essence of the current stage of development of the national economy. These relationships became the basis for revealing the general and particular features of the investment cycle in modern transitional conditions. The general features of the investment cycle in modern transitional conditions include: 1) increasing the market value of companies on the basis of increasing intangible assets; 2) capitalization of labor resources through investments in training, health, personal growth, development of creative abilities); 3) integration of capital, which implies an increase in the share of participation of foreign companies and banks; 4) formation of superprofits not in the production sphere, but in the management and intellectual activity of economic entities at all levels; 5) increasing venture capital investments; 6) attraction of capitals on the basis of intensified innovative activity, R&D; 7) strengthening the social importance of investment at all levels of the economic system; 8) changing the proportions in the sources of investment (strengthening the state presence by financing of R&D corporations, business by commercialization of innovations based on further development of venture business, households by capitalization of human potential); 9) the beginning of structural changes in the capital flows (outflow of capital from the traditional sectors of the industrial economy, into critical industries that form the basis for generating superprofits). The revealed peculiarities of investment for ensuring the transition from the industrial to the non-industrial, from the neo-industrial to the innovative, from the innovative to the information economy can become the basis for the development of long-term investment policies at different levels, taking into account the objectives (ensuring transitions from one form of development to another) of each participant, and also their priorities for developing specific directions and mechanisms. 10.18721/JE.11310 330.342.24:330.322 cyclical development investment cycle recurrence relationships between main forms of modern economy general and particular features of investment cycle https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.10/ 10_osipova_bytorina_starodymova_shishkina.pdf

RAR RUS 128-139 Galevsky Sergeii nirs@spmi.ru Portfolio selection based on subject-oriented approach to estimating the cost of equity Selection of an optimal portfolio is one of the key issues in financial science, but there is no unequivocal answer to this question. This study has considered the problem of portfolio selection from the standpoint of the subject-oriented approach to cost of equity estimation, taking into account the specifics of risk perceptions of investors and their awareness about investment objects. This approach is based on the hypothesis of a similar nature of risk perception and perception of physical parameters (light, sound, etc.) and suggests a subjective measure determined on the basis of expected investing losses. Applying the subject-oriented approach allows not only to structure the assets available on the market, to identify attainable and efficient portfolios, but also to determine the indifference curve type in “risk-return” coordinates. The combination of efficient border (efficient portfolios) and indifference curve makes it possible to calculate the structure of the optimal portfolio, in the best interest of investors and representing a compromise between the objective possibilities for investment due to market and the subjective preferences of investors. The proposed algorithm for choosing a portfolio of securities on the basis of a subject-oriented approach to estimating the cost of equity is illustrated by the example of a portfolio of shares of Russian companies traded on the Moscow stock exchange. We have described how the choice of the investor and the investor’s optimal portfolio change due to the investor’s risk appetite changing. Consequently, the suggested approach allows varying the composition of the portfolio and its characteristics due to the specifics of the investor. Because of this, it seems that the application of this algorithm will allow a more flexible approach to the issue of portfolio selection and will ensure the maximum individuality of its formation, taking into account the interests of a specific investor. 10.18721/JE.11311 336.64 portfolio selection portfolio theory subject-oriented approach cost of equity risk and return https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.11/ 11_galevskii.pdf

RAR RUS 140-148 Ermolaeva Ksenia ermolaevaka95@gmail.com Kalnitskaya Olga oval132010@yandex.ru Regional tax portfolio: essence, structure, formation factors The article is dedicated to theoretical aspects of forming a tax portfolio of a region. The main tool for achieving the effectiveness of the existing tax system is the tax portfolio. The article describes the structure and composition of the tax portfolio with the following characteristics: the level of the portfolio structure, types of taxes depending on the level of the budget elasticity, the quantitative characteristics of structure, qualitative characteristics of the structure by type and by total tax rates, qualitative characteristics of the arrears of tax revenues in the region, the quality of management of the tax portfolio. It is proposed to consider the types of tax portfolios by the degree of elasticity. The elasticity coefficient demonstrates the change in the share of the tax burden of the region when the gross regional product changes. The article also considers external and internal factors of tax portfolio formation in the region. The external factors include trends in the development of the national and world economy; the development of neighboring and closely related regions, the country as a whole; the economic and fiscal policy implemented at the federal level; the programs on special economic zones; the level of development, balance and reliability of the tax system. Regional internal factors are trends in the economic development of the region, including the number and structure of the population; directions of development of individual sectors of the economy and industry; the amount of working population officially paying taxes; the financial status of economic entities; the number of operating enterprises. One of the most important factors is the tax policy, whose main tasks for 2017–2019 are aimed at stimulating the activity of small and medium-sized businesses, ensuring the balance of regional budgets, stimulating the growth of trade turnover of Russian retail chains, reducing the federal budget deficit, improving tax administration and optimizing the existing tax benefits. The study of the tax portfolio of the region allows to manage the volume of tax revenues, change the structure of the portfolio, as well as optimize the tax portfolio in order to reduce the tax burden. Further research will focus on the analysis of tax portfolios of the regions and the management of tax portfolios of the regions based on the points discussed in the paper. 10.18721/JE.11312 336.22 regional tax portfolio tax portfolio structure tax portfolio types tax burden elasticity https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.12/ 12_ermolaeva_kalnickaya.pdf

RAR RUS 149-160 Nechaeva Marina khalyavina.mar@yandex.ru Antonov Aleksandr diilon@yandex.ru Organizational and economic aspects of formation and use of financial resources of mobile operators Nowadays, an important issue of development of finance of mobile operators is studying the results of financial and economic activities and searching for ways of improving the methods of mathematical analysis. Formation of the market of telecommunication technologies in Russia is characterized by some lag from the developed countries, in this regard, analysis of the domestic market of mobile communication becomes a top priority within the framework of optimal development strategies and enhancement of technologies of mobile communication. Current problems of maintenance of base stations of mobile communication, distribution of financial resources, increases in economic effect, quality management of the provided services in the conditions of the competitive market are discussed. The main focus is on finding the factors influencing the finance of mobile operators and success of rendering efficient communication services. We have analyzed the existing approaches to determining the life cycle of base stations and results of calculations of economic efficiency in the course of their maintenance. We have also analyzed the status of the market and perspectives of its development in detail. We have developed our own methodical tools for determining the efficiency of base stations. We have constructed a diagram of the organization of a network for rendering the services of mobile communication taking into account the background of the issue. A conclusion is drawn on the need to increase the profitability of base stations by taking measures to leave the ANTITOP-50 rating, statistical analysis of the "net profit" indicator for the smallest indicators among the top base stations is carried out. The developed methodical tools for assessing the performance of base stations with respect to the key indicators of 5-7 stages of the life cycle of base stations, including an algorithm for compiling the ANTITOP-50 rating of low-profitable and unprofitable base stations, allow to determine the locations of those base stations whose financial performance requires detailed analysis. Methodical provisions on controlling the quality of indicators characterizing mobile services in the regional market are offered. Determining such factors will allow the organizations providing of mobile service to be more competitive and to reduce economic losses. The influence of factors allows to define the competitive status and the potential directions for development of the market of mobile services, from the standpoint of parameters of non-price competition. 10.18721/JE.11313 336 mobile communication finance market development base station methodical tools of determining efficiency diagram of network organization Antitop-50 rating https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.13/ 13_nechaeva_antonov.pdf

RAR RUS 161-172 Posnaya Elena sntulena@mail.ru Kolesnikov Alexander Antokhina Iuliia fokina@guap.ru Application features of capital estimation methods in the bank management system The mechanism of capital management of a banking institution is a complex set of actions and effective management measures aimed at obtaining maximum profit. One of the key moments in the mechanism of capital management of the bank is the role of capital estimation. From the competent, qualified, competent estimation of the capital depends the volume of operations carried out by the bank, attraction of new clients, expansion of opportunities. Also, the correct estimation will prevent the bank's bankruptcy process, because in time the weaknesses in the capital policy and the reserves that can compensate for the negative situation are determined. Management of a bank is a complex, multi-element, interdependent, interrelated and mutually dependent process. It is proposed to focus on estimation of the bank capital in the management system, since a simple estimation indicates the existence of the bank capital, and management information is aimed at the operative and long-term management of the banking institution, which allows the flexible implementation of the financial policy necessary at a given time and aimed at perspective. Thus, the evaluation of the bank capital in the management system is a broader concept than the template valuation of the bank capital. The study addresses the above issues in more detail. The volume of bank capital significantly affects the level of reliability and trust in the bank from the side of society. That is why the problem of determining the capital adequacy of the bank and the choice of methods for its regulation is one of the central issues in international and domestic banking practice. The banks' own capital is a long-term resource and serves as a reserve for unforeseen losses, and also defines the limits of the development of banking operations. In this regard, an important component of the functioning of its own banking capital is the measure of its sufficiency for implementing the risk strategy of its own development and the successful functioning of the country's economy. At present, an extremely important and relevant moment of the study is the choice of the method of assessing capital for effective management of a banking institution. 10.18721/JE.11314 336.71 bank capital valuation mechanism management bank resources legislative base https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.14/ 14_posnaya_kolesnikov_antohina.pdf

RAR RUS 173-184 Budrin Alexander Soldatova Anastasiia nastika@bk.ru Economic analysis of marketing activities of an enterprise The increasing volume of marketing activity (MA), the need to introduce economic evaluation systems for marketing decisions, the need to determine the relationship between marketing indicators and the financial and economic results of the organization, the lack of satisfactory methods of economic evaluation and analysis of marketing activities mean that adapting the methods of economic analysis to the marketing activities is an important task. The existing procedures for assessing the potential and the economic status of marketing at the enterprise lack quantitative methods in the evaluation of MA and yield subjective values. The goal of the study is to develop a set of recommendations for conducting economic analysis of MA at the enterprise, satisfying the needs of managers in the information necessary for making managerial decisions about the current economic state of MA at the enterprise, the impact of MA on the economic performance of the enterprise. The paper determines the structure of the MA process, gives recommendations for the following areas: assessing the structural shifts in the results of MA; analyzing how the planned MA operations are executed according to the terms and budget; studies of significant deviations in the implementation of plans and the influencing factors; ranking the key and identifying the critical subprocesses of MA; searching for reserves and opportunities to improve the subprocesses of MA. We have applied methods of calculation of relative and average sizes, a method of comparison, a method of tabular representation of the data, methods of deterministic factorial analysis with respect to MA. The result of the study is a set of proposals for the economic analysis of MA, allowing to draw conclusions regarding the organization of work with different groups of subprocesses of MA. For example, recommendations can be made to eliminate or outsource these subprocesses, to adjust the procedures for executing MA operations in order to reduce the time or financial costs of MA in the area of ​​subprocesses that require improvement, to maintain the achieved level of executing MA operations in the area of key subprocesses. Recommendations according to the proposed methodology should cover the possibilities of preventing significant deviations of the actual indicators of performing MA operations from the planned ones, ways of improving MA operations as a result of comparison with the indicators of other departments of the organization, competitors or benchmarking partners, as well as the necessary actions to use the reserves found for improving the performance of specific MA operations. 10.18721/JE.11315 339.138 marketing activities economic analysis marketing results processes of marketing activitie https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.15/ 15_budrin_soldatova.pdf

RAR RUS 185-193 Baranovskiy Vladimir vlad205@mail.ru Zaychenko Irina imz.fem.spbpu@mail.ru Formation of the strategic map of business management on the basis of the concept of digital transformation of business Large-scale penetration of modern information technologies into the modern human life also causes transformation business of the sector, which consists in transition from the traditional enterprise to the hi-tech company whose cornerstone is the digital strategy. The purpose of the study consists in substantiating why businesses have to make a transition to conducting their activities on a digital platform. Currently, digital technologies and their broad application created opportunities for considerably new business models, unique experience with human resources and optimization of internal processes of the enterprise. The modern approach to management of an economic entity depends on a set of factors, the primary being human resources, software and hardware systems, and organizational and legal procedures. To achieve the desirable changes in business transformation, it is necessary to create a favorable business environment where skills and abilities of employees are best developed and positive morale is built. A focus on these aspects is very important as management of intellectual and digital potentials and the accumulated knowledge acquires increasing value in modern conditions. Forming priorities about technologies and digital transformational systems plays a smaller role in comparison with the value of human capacity of the enterprise, that is, the employees capable to generate and operate the organizational process. Proper intellectualization changes the specifics of work of divisions: from functional performers to strategic business partners. Thus, with skillful and effective management, human potential is one of the main factors of success of the enterprise. The aspect of training and growth in the system of the enterprise subsequently defines the infrastructure which the manager has to construct for ensuring growth and development in the long term. Digital transformation changes thinking and consciousness of employees and dictates the need to search for new and adaptations of the existing models of management which are the basis for future competitiveness. It is possible to achieve long-term success and stability of the enterprise by using advanced digital methods with competent and effective management today. Thus, the essence of developing the digital sphere consists in a progressive and steady corporate culture on an equal basis with transformational technological initiatives. 10.18721/JE.11316 338.24 business digitalization strategy target strategic management stability of the enterprise human resources https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.16/ 16_baranovskaya_zaichenko.pdf

RAR RUS 194-202 Yakovlev Andrey yakovlev_aa@spbstu.ru 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Model of interaction between producers and consumers through the main characteristics of the product: utility, quality, price, exchange value This article offers a fundamentally new approach to solving the problem of economic development. The main reasons for the lack of progress in solving it are the discrepancy between the basic economic model and the realities of economic practice and the impossibility of solving the problem within the recommendations received in a narrow subject domain. The possible directions of development of economic science are considered in the study. We have substantiated why it is necessary to involve the experience of methodology as a science of activity and use of the practical recommendations which are already available in this area. The study set the task of establishing the role and the place of goods in structure of interaction of their producers and consumers. As a rule, modern studies consider the processes of production and consumption of goods within two models not connected with each other. The purpose of this study is to confirm the objective, indissoluble connection between the processes of production and consumption and the leading role of the later. We have used normative documents from the QMS (quality management system) field and the theoretical foundations of the system-wide disciplines. The system approach, methods of organization theory, methods of theory of organizational behavior were applied. We have assumed that it is necessary to study the efficiency of an economic organization, the formation of its structure and the behavior within the uniform model uniting both production processes and consumption of goods where the binding element of the model are the goods. The study has an objective and deductive character. The results of the study confirm our hypothesis and can be extended to all clusters of economic sciences. We have established the role of goods role as the element binding the activity of the producers and the consumers, offered an approach to forming the model for describing the processes of their interaction and mapped out the ways of defining the frame characteristics of goods with respect to "usefulness-quality" and "price-exchange value". It should be noted that the problem described in this work is insufficiently studied now and demands further research. The results of the study expand the understanding of the possible directions of improvement of the economic theory. The study poses several important problems, is substantially innovative and can be of interest to experts in the field of economy and related subjects. 10.18721/JE.11317 338.2 usefulness quality price exchange value quality management system theory of organization theory of organizational behavior https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.17/ 17_yakovlev_glukhov.pdf

RAR RUS 203-212 Ptuskin Alexander aptuskin@mail.ru The entropy method of data analysis for the procedure of determining the best available technologies Environmental regulation of the activities of manufacturing enterprises is one of the main mechanisms for solving of the problem of preventing and reducing the negative impact on the environment. The modern principles of this mechanism are based on the concept of the best available techniques (BAT). The choice of BAT remains the key issue, and solving it should take into account numerous criteria by which none of the competing technologies has obvious preferences. This adds relevance to the task of developing new ecological-economic-mathematical models and methods for evaluating alternative options and identifying BAT. We have considered the problem of implementing one of the main stages in determining BAT: analysis and generalization of a large number of information obtained from different sources on input and output flows of alternative technologies (emissions, discharges, wastes, raw materials, energy consumed). The quality of the information has key importance, but it is rather difficult to determine objective data on the characteristics and potential complex impacts of technologies. Decision makers have to be critical about the data quality and compare data from various sources using quantitative methods of uncertainty estimation, but nowadays determining flow levels mostly depends on expert assessment. Information received from various sources can be unstable at the initial stages of using the technology. It is necessary to determine the values of the flows corresponding to the time period when the alternative technologies have been sufficiently tested, that is, the flow values become stable and can be used for the BAT comparison and selection procedure. The traditional probabilistic approach to analysis and processing of large amounts of data is not applicable in this case, since the laws of distribution of random data are unknown. A quantitative method for estimating, analyzing and processing information based on the information entropy measurement is proposed to compare the data from various sources. The result of its application is the determination of sustainable values, obtained from various data sources about the environmental impacts of technology, which can be reasonably applied in the process of assessment of environmental effectiveness of technologies. The procedure of determination of stable values of the input and output flows of alternative technologies is explained in the illustrative example. We have demonstrated ways of using the obtained information for solving the task of multi-criterial choice of BAT in the case of the traditional approach to representing the parameters of the task, which operates with ordinary numerical values, and in the case of the representation of parameters by diffuse quantities in terms of fuzzy set theory. 10.18721/JE.11318 332.02 экология наилучшие доступные технологии информационная энтропия экономико-математические методы https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.18/ 18_ptuskin.pdf

RAR RUS 213-222 Aftakhova Uliana ulianaaft@yandex.ru Ponomareva Svetlana psvpon@mail.ru Lobova Elena bykova555@rambler.ru Multi-factor model of in-house planning of high-tech russian companies in industrial regions In this paper, we have confirmed the importance of improving the tools of in-house capital planning in the digital economy. The relevance of the research topic is related to the change in the structure and weight of the parameters in the models of internal planning of industrial enterprises, which are governed by the priorities of the national policy at the macro- and meso-levels. The improvement of in-house planning tools should allow reallocating the existing limited resources of an economic entity in the best possible way. The paper considers the theoretical and practical features of the composition and structure of the parameters that affect the effectiveness of agreements between market players. The features revealed allow identifying the factors of the uncertainty of external and internal environments, as well as the readiness of the market entities to institutional changes with the parameters of internal planning. The object of the study are high-tech domestic companies that operate in industrial regions and form the fourth techno-economic paradigm within the digital economy. The aim of the study is to build a multi-factor model of the influence of institutional asymmetry arising in the digital economy on the implementation of the fourth techno-economic paradigm (INDUSTRY 4.0). This model allows to form a vector of criteria for in-house planning of high-tech domestic companies. We have chosen the main criteria using STEP-analysis. We have used the following methods of scientific cognition: deduction, data analysis, uncertainty estimation and modelling. Along with the methods listed, we have used a systematic approach to processing the materials of the study, a multicriterial approach was applied for preparing modern instruments of in-house capital planning in the developing digital economy in high-tech domestic companies. Within the framework of this study and the constructed linear trends and correlation equations, a multi-factor model of the influence of institutional asymmetry was obtained. Using a multicriterial approach, this model will reconcile the interests of market participants to achieve the goal of strategic in-house planning. The direction of further research involves testing the tools we have constructed in planning the activities of market participants at the meso- and micro-levels. 10.18721/JE.11319 in-house planning reconciling market player interests digital economy multi-factor model industrial enterprises regions https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.71.19/ 19_aftakhova_ponomareva_lobova.pdf