2782-6015 π-Economy 11 1 2018
RAR RUS 9-18 Polypan Kseniia klp281280@mail.ru 6603786974 0000-0002-8333-3251 Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Koryagin Sergey SKoryagin@kantiana.ru Klachek Pavel PKlachek@mail.ru Development of digital economy methods based on hybrid computing intelligence The paper deals with the problems associated with the development of digital economy methods based on hybrid computing intelligence. We have offered a promising approach of interdisciplinary nature, dealing with such areas as hybrid intellectual systems, synergetic artificial intelligence, neuro and psychophysiology, philosophy, cybernetics, economic and mathematical modeling, etc. The notion of complex, poorly formalized multi-component economic systems (CPFMCESs) functioning in conditions of uncertainty is introduced. At present, the task of developing methods and tools for hybrid economic and mathematical modeling of CPFMCESs and their practical implementation for building hybrid intellectual models (HIMs) of various types of component structures of complex economic systems is extremely important. The concept of a hybrid intellectual model of the CPFMCES with a universal character is offered for the first time, using a set of methods of human intellectual activity (analytical models, expert systems, artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, and simulation statistical models) to solve a problem. A model of the collective creative process (CCP) is typical for a wide class of dynamic problem areas, which has become the methodological basis of hybrid CPFMCES modeling. The CCР model is a formal type of hybrid intelligence, arising through the binding of two entities: the system problem and the proposed method for its solution. The obtained results allowed to formulate a conceptual model of a primary HIM constructor, which provides the basis for a fairly simple and transparent structuring and modeling of CPFMCES, as well as the architecture of a functional hybrid intelligent multi-agent system with self-organization that combines the positive qualities of hybrid decision support systems and multi-agent systems. Using new methods of neurophysiology and neuroimaging of the thinking process in CPFMCES modeling, as well as the approach we have devised for evaluating effective connections between the active regions of the human brain on the basis of experimental data, we have confirmed the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed approach. Currently, the methods and applied tools proposed in the study have been successfully used in the development of hybrid intelligent decision support systems for generating comprehensive enterprise management strategies, in agriculture, engineering, aircraft building, water ecosystems, etc. Research is flourishing in this area. 10.18721/JE.11101 004.89 decision support systems economic and mathematical modeling artificial intelligence digital transformation https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.1/ 01_polupan_koryagin_klachek.pdf
RAR RUS 19-29 Kurcheeva Galina kurcheeva@yandex.ru Klochkov Georgii klgeorge@yandex.ru Features, trends and principles of the formation of «smart medicine» in the digital economy We have considered the factors necessary for developing such a branch of the smart city as smart medicine, that contributing to a qualitatively new living standard of the population and the social and economic development of Russian cities. Digital technologies are one of the priorities for the development of the healthcare sector all over the world, and this market is growing by a quarter every year. The process can provide a breakthrough in the availability and quality of services without increasing the cost of healthcare, so digital medicine is developed with the active participation of the state. The indicators characterizing to what extent Russia is ready for the information society can serve to confirm the claim that conditions for the development of smart medicine have been created. We have identified groups of factors influencing the direction of development. The Novosibirsk region has a high level of readiness for the information society and opportunities for further sustainable growth of indicators of the information society. We have carried out a study of the population's perception of smart medicine, which is related to the indicators of the information society, the awareness and the demand for medical services on a digital basis. According to the results we have obtained, the processes accompanying the development of smart medicine were revealed; the necessity of monitoring these dependencies both for formal and informal groups of the population has been substantiated. There is a low level of population awareness in the conditions of overabundance of information on the Internet. An important aspect of effectively providing health services on a digital basis should be the availability of medical care and patient satisfaction with its quality. To monitor these processes, a transition to process management in smart medicine is necessary, which will allow to constantly improve the parameters of business processes and reduce the time spent by the population, improve the level to which the citizens’ needs are satisfied and, as a result, improve the indicators of life. Further research is going to be aimed at developing the indicators that determine the dependence of the development of new medical technologies on a digital basis and the indicators of the quality of life. 10.18721/JE.11102 338:004 „smart medicine“; infrastructure; process model; digital economy; quality of life https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.2/ 02_kurcheeva_klochkov.pdf
RAR RUS 30-38 Aksenov Denis daksenov@fa.ru Kuprikov Anton a.kuprikov@eximbank.ru Saakyan Paylak spa3@cbr.ru Trends and features of blockchain application in economy and finance In the last decade, the concept of digital economy has become widespread in research and practice of a number of the countries. Rapid development of digital technologies against the backdrop of economic globalization laid the foundations for digital revolution and for information becoming the primary, rather than the auxiliary, resource for market participants. Transition to digital economy entails digitalizing the business processes, introducing digital technologies in industrial enterprises, service companies, government bodies and financial institutions. Developing digital technologies provides indisputable advantages for economic subjects, increasing the efficiency of economic processes, increasing competitiveness, producing the synergetic effect due to network interaction between market participants, expanding the opportunities for using digital payment systems and digital money. Despite active development of digital technologies in all areas of economic activity, their opportunities, advantages and shortcomings have not been sufficiently studied. Theorists and practitioners continue discussions about the prospects of digitalization and possible risks connected with transition to digital technologies in strategically significant spheres of economy, in particular, in banking and financial sectors where the blockchain technology finds application. Data and other factors confirm the importance of the study subject. We have established that, as digital economy is evolving in Russia, blockchain as a special technology opens up new opportunities for various economic subjects, including the participants of the financial market, and also provides advantages in saving time and resources when performing financial operations. We have discussed the stages of evolution of bitcoin which is based on the blockchain technology and also the stages of introduction of cryptocurrencies in Russia. 10.18721/JE.11103 319.5: 621.42 digital economy digital technologies blockchain bitcoin digital index https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.3/ 03_aksenov_kuprikov_saakyan.pdf
RAR RUS 39-51 Makarchenko Marina makarchenko68@mail.ru Pavlova Oksana pavlova.ifmo@gmail.com Features of transforming classical team building into virtual in the context of digitalization Технологический прогресс и глобальные экономические трансформации последних лет вызвали значительные изменения в практической деятельности организаций, привели к новым способам ведения бизнеса и появлению такого феномена, как виртуальная команда. Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с виртуальным командообразованием, в частности, предложен системный подход к процессу формирования команд, участники которого работают на удалении друг от друга и основные коммуникации которых проходят в цифровом, виртуальном пространстве. Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена тем, что, во-первых, в современном мире любой начинающий предприниматель стоит перед выбором формирования традиционной или виртуальной команды, а во-вторых, это явление получило свое широкое распространение в связи с экономическим кризисом. Но формирование виртуальных команд имеет не только ряд преимуществ и выгод, которые облегчают работу и повышают эффективность и пр. Также при работе в интернет-пространстве возникают риски и вызовы, с которыми могут столкнуться участники команд в ходе взаимодействия и которые могут препятствовать успешному завершению проектов или окончанию проектов в срок и т. д. Особенно важным аспектом в построении виртуальной команды является вопрос о принципиальной возможности формирования командного духа. Как утверждают некоторые ученые, в командах, где коммуникации осуществляются исключительно посредством информационных технологий в виртуальном пространстве, это невозможно. Выдвинута гипотеза, что при выполнении определенных условий формирование командного духа не только возможно в условиях дистанционного общения, но и может быть эффективным. В рамках исследования человеческого фактора для эффективного командообразования в интернет-пространстве представлен анализ ключевых качеств, которыми должны обладать участники проекта для создания высокопроизводительных виртуальных команд, а также предложен апробированный тест на определение способности или склонности к работе в виртуальной команде. 10.18721/JE.11104 005.32; 005.94; 005.95/.96 team building digital team-building virtual settings distant technology-mediated collaboration advantages and benefits of virtual teams challenges and risks of virtual teams team spirit in virtual environment https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.4/ 04_makarchenko_pavlova.pdf
RAR RUS 54-63 Kungurtseva Viktoria kungurtseva063@gmail.com Titov Anton Trends and problems of innovative development of information and communication systems in the digital economy 10.18721/JE.11105 332.1 innovative development digital economy innovative infrastructure information and communication systems https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.5/ 05_kurguntseva_titov.pdf
RAR RUS 64-76 Palash Svetlana svpalash@yandex.ru Analysis of the structural dynamics in the manufacturing industry at the national and regional levels The importance of this study is due to the need for increasing the performance and efficiency of management of structural changes in Russian industry and regional industrial complexes in connection with forming and implementing the industrial policy at the national and the regional levels, increasing the number of instruments of industrial policy, implementing import substitution plans, as well as forming a system of strategic planning and activities of development institutions. The aim of the study is to identify the trends of structural changes in the manufacturing industry at the national and regional levels prior to adopting a new regulatory framework of industrial policy in the Russian Federation, as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis of structural changes in the new institutional conditions. The objectives of the study are identifying the trends, quantitative and qualitative assessment of structural changes in the industrial complexes of the Russian Federation and Kostroma region; describing the industrial policy instruments aimed at implementing structural changes at the national and regional levels. The research methods used are the method of economic analysis and the geometric method. We have considered the existing problems in the management of structural changes in the industrial complex. We have analyzed the structural changes in the manufacturing industry of the Russian Federation and Kostroma region in 2010-2015, using the geometric method and the method of economic analysis. For integral evaluation of structural changes in the manufacturing industry of the Russian Federation and Kostroma region, we have designed and constructed the vectors of changes in the branch structure of the manufacturing industry by volume of shipped goods produced within the region, works performed and services rendered, and the volume of investment in fixed capital. We have identified the main trends, highlighted the periods characterized by the most intensive structural changes, and provided a quantitative and qualitative assessment of these changes. The results of the analysis of directions of structural change are compared with the results of the analysis of using the tools of modern economic policy with the aim of implementing structural changes in the industry. We have described the tools of investment and industrial policy of the Kostroma region in 2016. The obtained results can be used for forming an industrial policy of managing structural changes, estimating the impact and effectiveness of structural changes in the industry. The directions for further research can involve analyzing structural changes in the industry in different regions and evaluating the effectiveness of structural instruments of industrial policy at the national and regional levels. 10.18721/JE.11106 338.24 industrial policy manufacturing industry management of structural change analysis of structural changes https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.6/ 06_palash.pdf
RAR RUS 77-86 Savichev Konstantin 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru
195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
 Effect of GDP energy intensity on the quality of life: assessment indicators and methods of state support Energy supply is an integral factor in the social and economic development of any country. The global geopolitical situation is constantly changing and strongly influencing the domestic policy of energy-importing countries as they develop and support their energy independence. In this regard, more and more scientific and financial resources are spent on improving the efficiency of energy in all cycles from extraction to consumption. More and more countries regard energy efficiency, ecology and energy security as priorities of their energy policy. State regulation is a fundamental factor in the support and development of the energy sector. The methods of state regulation can be divided into direct impact methods and methods of indirect impact. The efficiency of a country’s industry can be estimated using the GDP energy intensity indicator, which together with the per capita energy accessibility indicator can determine the degree of development and quality of life in the country. The world enters a new stage of energy development, when after many decades of continuous growth of energy consumption, economic growth began to "break away" from the growth of energy consumption for the first time. The volumes of primary energy consumption have stabilized in many of the most economically and technologically advanced countries, and have already begun to decline gradually in some. A number of countries are taking steps to abandon the use of nuclear energy, and are investing in the development of renewable energy. Russia, along with other world leaders, strives to build its energy policy in accordance with the current situation. In order to innovate the development of energy systems in Russia, a number of programs have been adopted at the legislative level. One of them is the state program "Energy Efficiency and Energy Development". The main objectives of this program are to increase the competitiveness, financial stability, energy and environmental safety of the Russian economy, and to increase the level and quality of life of the population by fulfilling the energy-saving potential and increasing energy efficiency through modernization, technological development and transition to a rational and environmentally responsible use of energy resources 10.18721/JE.11107 330 power engineering power supply human development index energy intensity energy intensity of GDP energy efficiency https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.7/ 07_savichev_glukhov.pdf
RAR RUS 87-98 57195605622 0000-0002-3718-5913 Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Basareva Vera vera.basareva@gmail.com
P.O. box 267, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, Russia, 630501
 Tsyplakov Alexander tsy@academ.org Effectiveness of state budget policy in creating budgetary incentives of russian regions The paper discusses the importance of a budget policy aimed at creating incentives for the development and growth of the constituent entities in a federal state. Classical studies in this area, as a rule, are based on comparative analysis of several countries and are of an empirical nature. At the same time, the emphasis in many works is on studying the subfederal budget policy in Russia and the assessment of budgetary incentives in the regions. The purpose of this study is to assess how the fiscal incentives of regional governments have changed in solving the task of restoring Russia's economic growth in the period of crisis changes in the economy of recent years. Using the econometric analysis and the results of the assessment of centralization of the budgetary system obtained by other researchers, we have shown that the reduction of budget incentives occurs largely due to the federal center's regulation of the spending directions of consolidated regional budgets in connection with the consolidation of the main regional taxes in the period under review,. At the same time, it is indirectly confirmed that the federal center's redistribution policy is effective in reducing the differences in the development of the subjects of the Federation. It is shown that the variability of GRP and the variability of expenditure budgets in the crisis of 2012–2015 was relatively stable, and the variability of the main regional tax revenues increased significantly. We have given recommendations and suggested measures that prevent the reduction of budget incentives in the regions.The directions of further research are in finding the spatial features of the processes, as well as investigating the stability of the conclusions obtained, depending on the method of econometric analysis. 10.18721/JE.11108 336.02 economic growth consolidated budgets tax revenues incentives for development regression analysis https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.8/ 08_basareva_tsyplakov.pdf
RAR RUS 99-109 Andreeva Marina marinand@yandex.ru Votintseva Liudmila uda-skr@mail.ru Formation of the labor potential of advanced development territories of the Far East of Russia The strategy of social and economic development of the Far East and the Baikal Territory, the formation of territories with special economic conditions such as the territory of advanced development and the free port of Vladivostok laid the foundations for sustainable economic development of the region. Evaluation of labor intensity of achievable and promising investment projects has shown that they will create more than 115,000 jobs. While 20% of the demand for labor can be satisfied by the population of the Far East, the remaining 80% should be covered by attracting staff from other regions and both near and far abroad countries. At the same time, the population of the region continues to decline, as a result of the "Western drift". The educational level and qualification of the population leaving the region is not replenished by migrants. The statistical data presented in the study confirm the negative trends in the population of the region: the decline in population, the aging of the population, and the change in the educational level. The problem of the emerging ethno-social stratification of national groups and the differentiation of labor on a national basis is revealed in the study. It is justified that failure to take measures can lead to a change in the ethnic composition of the population and interethnic conflicts. The critical analysis of attracting the able-bodied population in the framework of state programs to assist the voluntary resettlement of compatriots residing abroad and stimulating labor mobility was carried out in the study. Since the measures taken so far have not resolved the problem of providing the development of the productive forces of the region with the required manpower, the paper presents the experience of successful management of labor migration in Imperial Russia and in the USSR. The historical excursion showed that the methods and forms used in the planned economy cannot be transferred to the market economy directly, but certain elements of the migration management structure are forgotten undeservedly. Digital technology and the Internet provide additional opportunities to stimulate migration. The work concluded that it is expedient to use agitation and propaganda, both by creating specialized institutions, and by  involving political parties and youth movements. 10.18721/JE.11109 332.14, 332.02, 336.02, 338.2 work migration digital technologies in migration processes population Far East https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.9/ 09_andreeva_votintseva.pdf
RAR RUS 110-121 Sivash Olga sivashos@gmail.com The state support peculiarities of investment activity in the Republic of Crimea The article analyzes the current state of the investment process in the Republic of Crimea, substantiating why this process needs to be given a boost. Various sources of investment resources for the agricultural sector are examined: raised funds, borrowed funds, budgetary funds, enterprises and organizations’ own funds. The article has revealed the functional features of investments which require state support. The paper outlines the specific features of the agricultural sector in the Republic of Crimea and its importance for the regional economy; state support of different regions of the Republic should be adapted in view of these features. We have also considered the directions in which public authorities can influence the investment process: active state policy aimed at increasing the interest of youth and entrepreneurs in implementing investment projects, development of public-private partnerships, creation of a national educational system, creation of favorable conditions for work and wages and financing the public investment process. The article highlights the priority measures aimed at boosting the investment process in the agricultural sector: the development of the infrastructure directly affecting the production efficiency, state support for project activities: advisory assistance in developing investment projects, finding and attracting investors, targeted state financing of investment projects aimed at modernizing agricultural production and increasing its efficiency. We have found the goals, tasks and priorities of state support of investment activities in the agricultural sector as well as the results expected from the implementation of these directions of support. We have considered three scenarios for the development of the investment process development in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Crimea: the inertial scenario where the development trends coincide with those existing in past periods, with a slight increase in introduced innovations and a slight increase in private investment; the modernization scenario accompanied by a large increase in investment rates, a change in the investment structure in favor of high-tech industries, active involvement of private Russian and foreign investments; the innovative scenario where an increase in the efficiency of human capital and an increase in the investment focus of economic growth and the creation of high-tech industries atr expected. The forecast of the development of investment process in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Crimea is presented in accordance with three hypothetical scenarios of economic development. 10.18721/JE.11110 330.341 investment process priority measures of activation government support development scenarios development forecast https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.10/ 10_sivash.pdf
RAR RUS 122-135 Gileva Tatyana t-gileva@mail.ru Galimova Margarita Gorshenina Mariia gurina.mariya@yandex.ru Design of a company's innovative infrastructure based on deployment of the quality function In this paper, we have emphasized the significance of the “knowledge (intellectual capital) – innovation - economic performance of a company” transformation chain  for managing the development of modern companies. We have determined that it is feasible to solve the problem of designing an innovative infrastructure of the enterprise based on integrating the requirements and methods of innovational and strategic management of intellectual capital. We have designed a conceptual scheme of the study involving development of an innovative infrastructure meeting the requirements of the innovation strategy selected by the enterprise. We have analyzed the approaches to the classification of innovation strategies. The group of technology strategies (leader strategy, creative imitation strategy, copying strategy, and forced innovation strategy) and marketing innovation strategy were selected as the basic types.  We have refined the definition  of the innovative infrastructure of the enterprise. We have revealed a close relationship between the innovation infrastructure and organizational capital of the enterprise. We have proposed a list of requirements for the innovation infrastructure ensuring the successful innovative activity of the enterprise. We have highlighted a group of general and specific requirements depending on the innovation strategy type selected by the company. To assess the level of development and to devise a program of further improving the innovative infrastructure of the enterprise, we have substantiated the choice of the method for deploying the quality function. For the purpose of constructing a quality house, we have proposed to regard the innovative strategy chosen by the enterprise, which cannot be successfully implemented without the appropriate innovative infrastructure, as the consumer. We have plotted a matrix of interrelations between the requirements of innovative strategy and elements of the innovation infrastructure, emphasized the most significant elements from the standpoint of the implementation of the strategy. We have described the elements of financial and organizational complexity of the transformations. We have formed a management pattern allowing to visualize the network of relationships between the elements of the innovation infrastructure and the requirements of successful implementation of innovative activity of the enterprise. Based on deployment of the quality function, we have assessed the gaps between the actual and the required level of development of the innovation infrastructure, including taking into account the competitors. We have constructed a positional matrix, which allows, depending on the size of the gaps, to determine the possibility and options of the development of the innovative infrastructure. We have established the efficiency of including cooperative strategies (vertical, horizontal, institutional and network cooperation) in the design of the innovative infrastructure. 10.18721/JE.11111 65.0 INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE; INNOVATIVE STRATEGY; DESIGN; METHOD OF QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT; LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT; ASSESSMENT OF GAPS; COOPERATIVE STRATEGY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.11/ 11_gileva_galimova_gorshenina.pdf
RAR RUS 136-145 Byankin Anton anton.byankin@yandex.ru Burdakova Galina galinabu@rambler.ru Development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region based on a higher education institution: solving the problem of personnel training Increasing the competitiveness of the Russian economy is achieved through the creation of innovative territorial centers and clusters in the regions. In the Far East, territories of advanced social and economic development (TADs) are being created. At the same time, the role of the centers of innovative, technological and social development of the regions is assigned to higher educational institutions. Entrepreneurial activities aimed at commercializing research and development projects are added to the traditional functions of the university (education and research). The university becomes not only a breeding ground of specialists for the country’s national economy, but must also act as a forum for the development of innovation-oriented entrepreneurship. The objectives of the university should be to create an enabling environment and conditions for the implementation of scientific activities, to create an effective infrastructure for research, to involve the student community in fundamental and applied research, to commercialize innovations. Moreover, the end goal of intellectual scientific activity should be the result embodied not only in the form of new knowledge, prototypes, etc., but also novelties in the market aimed at consumers providing income. This new role of universities requires modernizing the educational process itself, as well as curricula and training programs for students. The purpose of the study is to analyze the competences formed by students in the process of educational activity and aimed at the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region. We have considered the essence and stages of innovative entrepreneurship. The problems of training bachelors and masters in this field have been determined based on the study of curricula of training programs of the Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University. The above analysis algorithm can be used by universities to justify the need for additional training of students for the development of innovative entrepreneurship. Recommendations have been developed for improving the training of students, consisting in the development of comprehensive programs of elective disciplines and project-oriented training of engineering students. The directions of further research are related to identifying the factors that inhibit the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity among students and determining the needs of students in obtaining specific knowledge and skills necessary for conducting innovative entrepreneurial activities. 10.18721/JE.11112 330.341 territory of advanced development higher educational institution research and development project innovative entrepreneurial activity professional competence professional activities https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.12/ 12_byankin_burdakova.pdf
RAR RUS 146-153 Ryzhkova Oksana oks_r@mail.ru Borodkina Varvara vavabo82@yandex.ru Justification of indicators for assessing the integration of regional and national innovation ecosystems The development of the regional innovation ecosystem influences the level of development of innovative activity in the region and in the country as a whole. We have refined the concept of the innovation ecosystem and, based on this concept, determined that it reflects the level of development and the performance of regional innovation ecosystems. We have devised a system of indicators for assessing the performance of innovation ecosystems, consisting of indicators for assessing the level of development and the performance of innovation ecosystems. The direction reflecting the level of development of innovation ecosystems is composed of indicators of the presence of subjects of innovative activity and indicators of innovative activity. The direction reflecting the performance of innovation ecosystems includes indicators of the emergence of an innovative product or service and indicators of the commercialization of the innovative product or service. Additionally, we have given our own explanation of the integration of the regional innovation ecosystem into the national one and identified the indicators of integration. The selected integration indicators include the amount of regional normative acts in the sphere of innovative development, the indicators of involvement of regional budgetary funds in innovative development, as well as the indicators of formation of the innovative infrastructure at the regional level. The proposed methods of assessing the performance of regional innovation ecosystems and the degree of their integration into the national innovation ecosystem help identify the existing degree of involvement in creating a supportive environment for innovative development of the federal subject, in addition to providing the conditions at the national level; to determine the cause and effect relationships of integration processes and indicators of development of national and regional innovation ecosystems; to identify the factors influencing the growing number of participants in the innovation ecosystem and the connections created between them, to determine their development; to identify the opportunities for analysis of volume, types and directions of resource movement between the agents of the innovation process, as well as to develop suitable tools for globalization of the regional innovation ecosystem in the future, namely, the development of cluster systems and diversification of external relations, maintaining and strengthening the global position. 10.18721/JE.11113 332.02 innovation ecosystem (IES); IES performance; regional integration; PWI; IES success rate; indicators of IES integration https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.13/ 13_ryzhkova_borodkina.pdf
RAR RUS 154-167 57211165463 0000-0002-5040-0841 Voronezh State Agricultural University Pshenichnikov Wladislav wladwp@yandex.ru
str.Mitchurina, 1, Voronezh, 394087
 Anzhu Allar anjou@inbox.ru Parameters for identifying the typical signs of financial pyramids based on the tools of fractal geometry A pyramid scheme is a scheme of business which is a redistribution of the money of the parties standing at the foot of the pyramid to those at the top. The phenomenon of financial pyramids leaves a negative imprint on the political, socio-economic and investment profile of a country that is not taking sufficient measures to prevent their causes. The statutory ban on the activities of financial pyramids and criminal prosecution of their creators cannot be regarded as absolute guarantees of protecting the population against the unlawful actions of the organizers of the pyramids. A much greater role is played by financial literacy of the general population and the availability of easy tools for early identification of potential financial pyramid schemes. Not only ordinary citizens who are not proficient in finance, but also the authorities responsible for licensing and supervising financial activities are in need of such tools. The purpose of this article is to attempt to offer a set of graphical and mathematical parameters for identifying the typical signs of financial pyramids based on the tools of fractal geometry. To achieve the objectives of the study, we have solved the following tasks: identified the most typical conditions in which financial pyramids emerge; described the schemes of financial pyramids according to their types; proposed a method of graphical mathematical description of the construction of financial pyramids similar to constructing a fractal tree. We propose to regard pyramid schemes as fractal objects. This allows to describe them in a rather complete way, mimicking these real objects and creating duplicates using very simple mathematical formulas. The mathematical apparatus describing the proportions of the Sierpinski triangle can be used, in our opinion, to identify potential financial pyramids with the same ratio between the amount of income and amount of investment We see the development of an algorithm (program) of the actions of private individuals taken to identify a potential financial pyramid on the basis of a set of indicators that are simple to understand and use as the main directions for further research. 10.18721/JE.11114 336.051 self-similarity Sierpinski triangle financial literacy financial pyramid fractal fractal tree https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.14/ 14_Pshenichnikov-Anzhu.pdf
RAR RUS 168-176 Molodykh Vladimir v.a.molodyh@yandex.ru Snimshikova Irina Shirov Petr Improving the methods for tax evasion diagnostics Any tax system affects the economic activity of business entities and the regulatory function of taxes allows the state to solve the main problems by using the fiscal system. With increased volatility of exogenous factors at a very high level of fiscal burden, economic agents are incapable of building long-term development strategies, which reduces their financial stability and may force companies to withdraw into the shadow economy. The existing diversity of forms and methods of deviant behavior of taxpayers complicates the diagnostics, detection and imposition of criminal or administrative responsibility on the organizers and participants of the shadow economy. However, the analysis of informal activity allows to define some templates for grouping the forms and methods of violations of social norms and rules: participants tax crimes; the branch or territorial specifics; distortion of the tax base; the means of causing the damage; the complexity of financial schemes and transaction types used for tax evasion. Using these templates in the monitoring system for analysis of deviant behavior of taxpayers, it is expedient to use game theory. The proposed economic and mathematical model implies the finding the threshold number of violations of tax legislation in each territorial industrial complex by analytical means and subsequently comparing these thresholds with the actual level of tax violations in the selected sample of taxpayers. The results of simulation in the construction industry and the wholesale and retail sector indicate that the level of tax discipline is inadequate, which means that control procedures of the tax authorities have to be optimized for these complexes. The share of small and medium-sized businesses in these sectors is particularly large, so a simple increase in the number of field tax audits to raise the level of tax compliance will be impossible. For this reason, further improvement of analytical procedures of tax control is necessary. 10.18721/JE.11115 343.359.2 shadow economy industrial complex evasion behavior taxpayer tax control https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.15/ 15_Molodih-Snimshchikova-Shirov.pdf
RAR RUS 177-187 Zharov Vladimir zharov_vs@mail.ru Using innovative investment leverage to evaluate areas of technological development of industrial production We have considered the operational and financial types of leverage (lever) used in the theory and practice of corporate financial management. We have proved that another type, innovative investment leverage, must exist objectively. From the standpoint of state interests, enterprises should increase their contribution to the gross regional product (GRP) and gross domestic product (GDP) of the country not only by extensive growth of the gross value added, but also by intensive growth through increasing the share of value added in the value of products sold. This corresponds to intensification of the economy and the increase in economic efficiency of using all major types of resources: human, material and physical capital. Thus, innovative investment leverage as a ratio of the value added share in the structure of sales value to material consumption is necessary in order to determine the necessity and the possibility of using intensive innovations and investments, and also to determine the volume of intensive investment necessary to achieve a given level of reducing the consumption of materials used for manufacturing the products. Analyzing the trends in the development of specific types of industrial production in Russian regions (for the regions of the Far North and the Arctic) for the period of 2005–2015 has shown that depending on the direction of the change in the values of material consumption and return on assets, production can be technologically developed in four main directions: innovatively efficient, innovatively inefficient, non-innovatively efficient, and non-innovative and inefficient. We have determined that in order to reduce the level of material consumption it is necessary that, firstly, the return on assets increases and, secondly, that the manufacturability coefficient at least does not decrease at a rate higher than the increase rate of the return on assets. As a result, a matrix of six possible directions of technological development of any industrial enterprise was formed. It is shown that the development of the industry in most regions of the Far North and the Arctic does not meet best innovative-efficient direction, but the overall situation is more favorable than in industry. does not correspond to the optimal innovatively effective direction, but in general the situation is better than in other regions of the country. We have determined the analytical relationship between material consumption, return on assets and labor productivity, enabling the management of innovatively efficient development of industrial enterprises and industries and the corresponding growth of labor productivity, GRP and GDP through technological intensification of production. It is noted that the return on assets in the Far North and the Arctic increased only in the manufacturing sector, so the increase in labor productivity in the industry in these regions in 2005–2015 was achieved only extensively through increasing the capital-labor ratio, the same as in the industry as a whole. 10.18721/JE.11116 338.2 investment-leverage innovation manufacturing development management value added labor productivity capital productivity materials consumption https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.16/ 16_zharov.pdf
RAR RUS 188-198 Kutergina Galina gkutergina@psu.ru Butorina Oksana ok.butorina@yandex.ru Revisiting the choice of indicators of the current investment cycle in industry The relevance of the study stems from a number of reasons: lack of theoretical and methodological experience concerning the problems of interdependence between the cycles within the framework of the modern macrocycle; lack of a single interpretation of the investment cycle concept, as well as of methods for analyzing this concept; the need to assess the current state and forecast the development of investment processes; the need to specify the trends and methods of managing investment processes in systems of different levels. The paper provides a brief description of the recurrent approach to the study of modern macroeconomic processes. It also defines the role of investment processes in the modern macroeconomic cycle. The paper presents our interpretation of the investment cycle and focuses on its features. Justification of the features of the investment cycle based on the recurrent approach allowed to systematize the indicators of the current investment cycle in industry. The paper is concerned with formulating the approaches to developing a methodology for analyzing the current investment cycle. We have systematized the basic indicators of the dynamics of investment processes based on the capital structure, proposed by Perez (production and financial capital); we have also presented the phase characteristics of the investment cycle, combined into three groups: characteristics of industrial investment, characteristics of the state of financial capital and indicators reflecting the structural changes in the movement of capital and its impact on macroeconomic dynamics. For each of the selected indicators, the directions of indicator dynamics are presented for each of the four phases of the classical business cycle (recession, depression, recovery and expansion).  In order to analyze the specifics of the investment cycle in industry, we suggest using a specific system of indicators, including the real interest rate index, the concentration coefficient, the distribution of investments in non-financial assets, the state of the key assets, participation in the production of high-tech products, the level of capacity utilization, the weighted average return on assets, cost of share of expenses for personnel development and intangible assets. In our opinion, the selected indicators and the features of their phase states can help determine the current phase of the current investment cycle with reference to the phase of the economic cycle in order to forecast the development of territories and industries in the long term. 10.18721/JE.11117 519.865.530 industry development macroeconomic cycle cyclical behavior recurrent approach investment activity investment cycle investment cycle indicators https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.17/ 17_kutergina_butorina.pdf
RAR RUS 199-210 Soloveychik Kirill kirill.soloveychik@gmail.com Leventsov Valerii vleventsov@spbstu.ru Farber Eduard d.farber2010@yandex.ru Model for supplier selection during technical re-equipment of the enterprise To date, as a result of low investment activity of business structures in the Russian Federation, the processes of reproduction and renewal of fixed assets have been underfinanced for a long time in many industries and sectors of economy. As a result, the fixed assets of the industry have a wear level of more than 50%, and the wear level of the productive facilities of enterprises reaches 90% in some sectors, the rate of retirement varies within 2-3%, the rate of renewal does not exceed 1%. Only 10-15% of fixed assets in industry correspond to the world level. Considering the wear, tear and obsolescence level of fixed assets, enterprises need to carry out technical re-equipment. However, the process of technical re-equipment is rather problematic. One of the main problems during technical re-equipment is the choice of equipment supplier based on certain criteria. In the course of this choice, as a rule, enterprises face internal divergences of opinion of key managers on the desirability of choosing a supplier. The solution to this problem is creating a full-fledged mathematical model for choosing a supplier of equipment, which allows using different criteria for expert evaluation of suppliers, take into account their importance, and as a result give a full and comprehensive assessment of the supplier in view of all the opinions of the company's management. Based on this, this paper presents the economic and mathematical model, which, based on the mathematical apparatus, will be intuitively understandable and easily applicable in the process of technological re-equipment of the enterprise. Using this model will allow to simplify the selection of the equipment supplier and to reduce the time it takes to make a decision about the purchase. The model is based on the method of expert evaluations of suppliers by certain criteria. The weight of each criterion is determined using the method of pairwise comparison of criteria based on a fixed preference. The presented model, if used correctly, will help the enterprise to conduct analysis and selection of suppliers of process equipment, based on the knowledge and opinions of its employees (experts). Additionally, it is worth noting that the option of quickly determining the opinions of experts makes it possible to minimize the time it takes to make a decision on the choice of supplier. In the future, this model can be implemented in the information infrastructure of the enterprise. 10.18721/JE.11118 338.32 technological re-equipment economic-mathematical model criteria for selecting suppliers peer review https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.18/ 18_soloveychik_leventsov_farber.pdf
RAR RUS 211-221 Votintsev Roman 17917052@mail.ru Erigina Liliya erigina@sibsau.ru Methodical aspects of monitoring the management of reproduction of innovative potential at enterprises of the space-rocket industry The efficiency of reproducing the innovative potential of the enterprises of the Russian aerospace industry is limited by a number of factors, including the imperfection of administrative tools. A paradigm shift in the management of reproduction processes at enterprises of the aerospace industry promoted a change of focus of state interests towards primarily commercial conversion objects created on innovative platforms of a new technological level satisfying the demands of foreign markets. Evidently, the imperatives will reflect the changes in methods and instruments of managing the regulations and processes of forming, distributing and using the set of resources and means for ensuring the necessary contents and quality of innovative capacity of enterprises of the aerospace industry. The working model of state support of innovative activity is progressively transformed into modern interpretations of the relations between the state budget and own and private sources. In this regard, it is evident that changes should be made to the functioning of the management mechanism and tools for reproducing the innovative potential of a branch. We have refined the concept of innovative capacity of enterprises of the aerospace industry and considered the methodological approaches to constructing and using monitoring as an instrument of targeted impact on the process of reproducing the innovative capacity of enterprises of the aerospace industry at the stage of operational and strategic management. The methodological design of monitoring is based on the provisions of theories of systems, processes and information and is constructed according to the principles of systematicity, goal-setting and effectiveness. A distinctive feature of the methodological approach we have offered is that the monitoring system includes indicators based on the operational, current and planned information, established and observed regulations and evaluation of the results of creation and implementation of innovations, both in the production of the aggregate output and the reproduction of the innovative potential of enterprises in the aerospace industry. With the objective reduction of the dominant role of state support, the systematic transition to a continuous process managed at the corporate level is a powerful basis for sustainable reproduction of the innovation potential and, respectively, the renewal of the life cycle of the economic entity in the reproduction of innovations. The offered monitoring technique is universal as it can be applied both to management of local innovative cycles and their set as a part of organizational structures of various levels of reproduction. 10.18721/JE.11119 338.45.01 innovative potential of the enterprises of the space-rocket industry administrative tools of reproduction monitoring system of indicators of assessment reference points and selection criteria of factors of efficiency https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.19/ 19_votintsev_erygina.pdf
RAR RUS 222-234 Asaturova Yuliya julia.asaturova@bk.ru Development of an integrated approach to analyzing the financial and economic activity of an enterprise A successfully functioning, profitable enterprise is the main element of the developed economic system of the country. Well-organized economic analysis of the company's activities is designed to help identify the company's internal reserves, to increase its efficiency, to save resources, to increase productivity, competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the company in an ever-changing market environment. Therefore, the development of methodological issues of financial analysis and adapting them to the specifics of a particular enterprise are particularly relevant. In the present work, the existing methods of financial analysis have been studied, their features, advantages and disadvantages have been examined, their applicability to achieving the objectives of the enterprise has been assessed. Based on the results of the study, an integrated approach to the analysis of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise was developed. The peculiarity of this approach is that it provides precise descriptions for the choice of means and methods of analysis, depending on the company's objectives, the specifics of its activities and the research tasks set. The paper shows that the specific sections chosen for analysis and the extent to which they are studied are largely determined by the objectives of the analysis and the tasks of the enterprise, and they, in turn, largely depend on the users of the results of the analysis. Within the framework of the proposed approach, the goals of the analysis and selection of the preferred sections are described, depending on the type of users. A system of indicators for assessing the performance of an enterprise has been developed, detailing the choice of the most significant coefficients in the sections of the study. The main stages of the analysis of financial and economic activity are determined; research objectives are specified and the methods used are determined for each stage. This approach to analysis saves time and resources, improves the accuracy and effectiveness of research. An additional reason why the proposed approach is effective is the constant relationship between the results of the analysis and the process of making the managerial decisions. We see directions for further research in adapting the developed integrated approach for enterprises of various industries and types of activities. At the same time, the recommended system of key performance indicators will be complemented by selection of individual performance indicators reflecting the specifics of the company's operations. 10.18721/JE.11120 658 analysis of financial and economic activities integrated approach efficiency system of indicators https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.69.20/ 20_asaturova.pdf