2782-6015 10 1 2017

RAR RUS 7-18 Avdeenko Tat'iana tavdeenko@mail.ru Aletdiova Anna aletdinova@corp.nstu.ru Digitalization of economy, based on improving expert knowledge management systems The post-industrial economy is characterized not only by the forming network coordination of economic relations, development and expansion of the service sector, and the growing number of open innovations, but also by the changing role of knowledge and people. Knowledge is regarded as images of reality, tools; it is continually changing, evolving and depends on the external environment and the people who carry it. Knowledge production is the basis for digital economy. The following conditions of the digitalized economy have been distinguished by the authors: the development of infrastructure and standards of communication, provision of information security within it; the expansion of open education; creation of online communication with free access to all citizens; the improvement of information flow and knowledge management in digital ecosystems. The Industry 4.0 concept includes the creation of digital ecosystems, digital culture and the development of the digital society through the introduction of new technologies: cloud services, mobile devices, augmented reality (portable gadgets), Internet of Things, geolocation, advanced interfaces for the interaction between an individual and a computer, authentication and fraud detection, 3D-printing technology in the framework of artificial intelligence, big-data analysis and advanced algorithms, personalization according to the client’s profile. The authors propose to consider the digital ecosystem as a socio-technical system, implemented by a set of computer programs with distributed interaction and mutual usage by agents to share knowledge in the context of self-evolution. It has its technologies and services as well as its advanced features. In digital ecosystems, society can create a collective digital competence, to accumulate intellectual capital, but there is a problem of transforming the growing volumes of implicit knowledge into explicit one under the condition of more and more complicated subject areas. The authors reviewed the implementation of the knowledge spiral in digital ecosystems, analyzed two approaches to the formation of a knowledge management system using attributes and precedents. A hybrid model was proposed on their basis; the implementation of this model will contribute to the development of digital space. 10.18721/JE.10101 338.1:004.89 POST-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY; DIGITALIZATION OF ECONOMY; INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION; DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM; SPIRAL TRANSFORMATION OF KNOWLEDGE; KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT EXPERT SYSTEMS; HYBRID MODEL https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.1/ 01_avdeenko_aletdinova.pdf

RAR RUS 19-31 Leventsov Valerii vleventsov@spbstu.ru Radaev Anton TW-inc@yandex.ru Nikolaevskiy Nikolai triplenick@mail.ru The aspects of the «Industry 4.0» concept within production process design In many ways the prospects of industry in Russian Federation are determined by the implementation of the National technological initiative which aims to create a new economy within the “Industry 4.0” concept. Considering the prospects of development of the domestic industry for the next decades, it should be noted that today the corresponding process in many respects is defined by the realization of the National Technological Initiative (NTI). The analysis of the NTI structure shows that one of the major directions of such development would be the implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies and the creation of the Future Factories.  A preliminary literature overview in the respective area has shown that most of the studies consider the questions of product design as a basic part of product lifecycle. At the same time there is a lack of methodological developments in the area of design of technological processes within advanced manufacturing systems. For this reason, it is important to investigate the development of instruments for justification of manufacturing systems functioning within the «Industry 4.0» concept.  We have offered to use the advanced paradigms of imitating modeling, the discrete, the event and the agent, for the description of basic and auxiliary processes realized in production systems. We have determined the main requirements for the processing of manufacturing systems. Comparing such requirements with the specifics of the existing approaches to organizational design of manufacturing systems provided a basis for concluding that the simulation modeling approach is effective. The justification of the technological process parameters by using simulation modeling is substantiated, the main principles are defined. 10.18721/JE.10102 338.984; 338.3.01 INDUSTRY 4.0; SIMULATION MODELING; PRODUCTION SYSTEM DESIGN; ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES; TECHNET https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.2/ 02_leventsov_radaev_nikolaevskiy.pdf

RAR RUS 32-42 57211165463 0000-0002-5040-0841 Voronezh State Agricultural University Pshenichnikov Wladislav wladwp@yandex.ru

str.Mitchurina, 1, Voronezh, 394087

V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Electronic money as a factor in the development of the digital economy One of the essential elements of the infrastructure of the digital economy is the e-money emerged as the product of a long evolution of types and forms of money. Interpretation of the origins and the reasons for the emergence of money is of genuine interest and has been generating fierce debate for centuries. The particular relevance of this problem is in the substitution of one form of money by another. The emergence of electronic money, deprived of a universal equivalent of a physical medium, requires the study of its nature and generic framework, taking into account the new realities of the post-industrial economic structure. The purpose of this article is to establish the relationships in the development of digital technologies and electronic money. We have substantiated the choice of the research methodology of the evolution of money. We have made a brief overview of the types and forms of money that influenced the development of technology. The reasons for the emergence of electronic money have been discussed. We proposed our own model of the evolution and relationships of the species and forms of money. We have given a definition of the digital (electronic) money, based on the content of the scale of the digital price for electronic currency. We propose to use the following definition of digital (electronic) money: «Digital (electronic) money is an information embodiment of a universal equivalent reflected on electronic (computer) media». The proposed interpretation of the digital money can be considered as a first step towards studying the issues of determining its value and purchasing power as an independent form of a universal equivalent; patterns of turnover in conjunction with other forms of money and commodity weight; searching for evaluation parameters for measuring and the degree of participation in the transaction; the selection of tools to regulate its turnover. The perspectives of use of electronic money in a digital economy have been the focus of our attention. 10.18721/JE.10103 336.74 TYPES AND FORMS OF MONEY; SINCRETIC LOGIC; PHILOSOPHY OF MEDIA; DIGITAL ECONOMY; ECONOMIC METHODOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS; ELECTRONIC MONEY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.3/ 03_pshenichnikov_babkin.pdf

RAR RUS 43-52 Maksytina Elena lena.betty@mail.ru Golovkin Aleksei bear2003@inbox.ru Neo-industrialization of russian economics on the basis of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution and human capital development The article is dedicated to neo-industrialization of the Russian economy based on the model of the fourth industrial revolution and human capital development. It is an important issue, since a new growth model of the Russian economy needs to be formed, reviving industrial  production during the global transformation of the world system of labor division under the influence of  large-scale implementation of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. This article discusses the conceptual framework of the new industrialization, shows the influence of the industrial revolution on the labor market and employment, development of industry sectors forming the human capital. The aim of the new industrialization is the technological re-equipment of industrial production based on the latest technological developments, which is the most important condition for a successful recovery of the Russian economy from crisis and for ensuring economic and technological security of the country. The most important technological directions of the new industrial revolution that could lead to the expected revolutionary changes, are the industrial Internet, 3D-printing, or additive manufacturing, robotic production, bionic design. The article analyzes the explosive innovative growth and range expansion of the development of additive technologies at large industrial enterprises. This article discusses specific steps of neo-industrialization of the Russian economy within the framework of the "National technology initiative" programme. The development of  self-employment, human capital and the innovation infrastructure (technoparks, innovative city) are also discussed. We see the directions of further studies in the development of the strategy of new industrialization of the Russian economy. As part of further research, it is also planned to develop a complex of measures of governmental support of the industry, oriented at technical modernization of production for the purpose of proactive import substitution. 10.18721/JE.10104 330.1 neo-industrialization forth industrial revolution additive industrial technology human capital national technology initiative https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.4/ 04_maksyutina_golovkin.pdf

RAR RUS 53-72 Palash Svetlana svpalash@yandex.ru Structural balance of the economy: government programs for industrial development in the Russian Federation The paper raises important issues that are the current implementation of the state programs of the Russian Federation aimed at balanced regional and industrial development and the need for impact assessments of these programs: state program of the Russian Federation «Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness», approved by decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2014, no. 328; state program of the Kostroma region «Economic development of the Kostroma Oblast for the period until 2025», and one of the five directions of the state programs of the Russian Federation, «balanced regional development».   The goal of the study is elaborating the scientific and methodical approach for assessing the structural balance of the industry as an economic system. The objectives of the study are substantiating why it is necessary to develop scientific and methodological means for assessing the structural balance of economic systems; developing the criteria for structural balancing of the economic system and the principles for its assessment; determining the structural balance of an economic system (including industry), as well as certain types of structural balancing of economic system; developing the stages of algorithm and metrics to assess the structural balance of economic systems; assessing the structural balance of the industry in the Kostroma Oblast.  The research methodology is a systematic approach. The results of the study can find application in industrial policy, structural policy, regional policy, assessment of the performance of government programs for balanced industrial and regional development. The results of the study are aimed at achieving the objectives of the state program of the Russian Federation «Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness» and the state program of the Kostroma Oblast «Economic development of the Kostroma Oblast for the period until 2025» and improving the efficiency of the state management of the structural changes in industry and regional economy. 10.18721/JE.10105 338.24 STRUCTURAL BALANCE OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM; BALANCED INDUSTRIAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; STRUCTURALLY BALANCED INDUSTRY; STATE PROGRAMS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.5/ 05_palash.pdf

RAR RUS 73-79 56502340400 0000-0002-1685-2625 Russian State University for the Humanities Vertakova Yulia vertakova@rambler.ru

Miusskaya sq. 6, Moscow, 125047, Russia

Kozeva Irina i.a.kozieva@mail.ru Pinyaeva Aleksandra durovaaleksandra@mail.ru The evaluation and forecasting of structural and dinamic changes during the clustering process of the regional economic space The authors investigated the relationship of the structural dynamics of clustered economic space of the regional economy. The necessity of an objective measurement of structural transformations in the process of identifying, predicting the formation and development of clusters. It is proved that the effective implementation of the cluster policy provides a high rate of economic growth and diversification of the economy by increasing the competitiveness of enterprises, which form the territorial production cluster. The approaches to the assessment and prediction of structural changes in the regional economic complex on the totality of private and integral indicators, investigated the relationship of the structural dynamics of clustered economic space of the regional economy. The main tendencies of structural changes in the industrial production of the Kursk region in the period from 2005 to 2015. As a result of quantifying structural changes were detected periods in which the maximum structural changes have occurred in the industry. Spend a cumulative assessment of structural changes on the basis of calculation and construction of the vector criterion, constructed geometric methods. It is revealed that the prognosis estimation of regional structure of the industry as a result of cluster in conjunction with a vector diagnosis structural change provides an objective basis for the development of cluster policy and regional programs for the formation of clusters. It is proved that the predictive diagnosis of alternative structures for regional economic space formed in the process of clustering, an important condition for reducing the risk of ineffective implementation of cluster policy and cluster selection erroneous funding priorities from budgetary sources. Vector and other structural and dynamic criteria should be important elements of a system of evaluation of the effectiveness and impact of cluster projects, events and cluster policy in general studies areas of sustainable development structurally balanced regional economy. The conclusions about the prospects of the regional development of the industry in terms of development and implementation of structural and cluster policy. 10.18721/JE.10106 338.244.44 STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL SHIFTS; CLUSTERING ECONOMIC SPACE; VECTOR CRITERION; STRUCTURAL POLICY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.6/ 06_vertakova_kozeva_pinyaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 80-89 Malinina Tatiana t_malinina@mail.ru Chishko Sergei sergeychishko@gmail.com A comparative efficiency evaluation of nuclear and fossil fuel power generation Planning the future development of nuclear power generation requires studies into the assessment of economic efficiency of nuclear power plants in comparison with other types of power plants and that such studies should be based on reasonable technical and economic indicators (TEI). Despite the importance of the problem and the availability of numerous studies on the subject, the results of such assessments are associated with inhomogeneous and uncertain inputs having a large spread of values, which influences the choice of the best-suited option for the development of the power generation mix and, consequently, the development of the power generation industry. In order to enable more informed decisions for nuclear power industry development, the TEI need to be further refined. This paper analyses the cost structure of nuclear power plants (NPPs) generally accepted in global practice. A study of capital investments in Russia and abroad is made and its outputs serve as the basis for a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of NPPs and gas-fired fossil fuel power plants, taking into account the environmental factors. When considering a conventional approach to evaluating the efficiency of different types of power plants it appears that combined cycle power plants (ССPP) are far more preferable than NPPs. Additional factors are considered, including the impact on the environment, handling and storage of spent nuclear fuel contributing to the cost of nuclear power, as well as decommissioning costs. The additional factors considered for CCPPs are limited to the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) which are recognized as the most sizable ones and are subject to quotas unlike other indicators. With the additional aspects fully weighed and taken into account, nuclear and fossil fuel power plants become comparable in efficiency. 10.18721/JE.10107 621.311.25.003.13 NUCLEAR POWER; TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS; EFFICIENCY EVALUATION; IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.7/ 07_malinina_chishko.pdf

RAR RUS 90-98 57194408404 0000-0003-0970-3143 East-Siberian State University of Technology and Management Bulatova Nadezhda bulatova_nad@mail.ru Regional development prospects during the formation of the Russia – China –Mongolia economic corridor The article reveals the basic tendencies in the development of regional economy in the conditions of the formation of the «Russia – Mongolia – China» economic corridor. This East Asian vector of cooperation becomes decisive in the foreign policy of Russia. In this connection, the Republic of Buryatia occupies a special place in the economic space of Russia, as easternmost autonomy whose territorial proximity to Asian countries enables it to act as a service provider for the Russian foreign policy in East Asia. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to search for the priority directions and prospects of the development of regional economy in the conditions of emerging international cooperation with Asian countries in the «Russia – Mongolia – China» Economic Corridor. Special attention have been paid to the formation of a new foreign economic policy, aimed primarily at creating integration relations of economic entities of the republic with the regions of Russia and the countries of Northeast Asia. In this regard, the article describes the main directions of the program of the formation of the economic corridor between the three countries, the constraints of international cooperation. We have determined the starting projects of economic cooperation and integration of the Republic of Buryatia with NEA countries to establish business relations in the sphere of economic and international cooperation. The article proposed the basic directions, factors, indicators, projects embedded into the architecture of regional integration, the creation of a joint program of the «China - Mongolia - Russia» Economic Corridor on the Silk Road as its major content. The analysis of foreign trade activities of the republic shows the results of the development of international and interregional cooperation mainly with Mongolia and China, aimed at deepening the existing and establishing new relations with these countries. We have proposed a variant of institutional support aimed at forming a new foreign economic policy in the region. It is shown that  import substitution is the main way of export-oriented industrial development and the use of product-design approach in this case is justified. In general, in order to create a competitive economy with a diversified structure highlighted the need for structural reforms, which will allow the republic to act as an equal partner in international cooperation. 10.18721/JE.10108 338.47 REGIONAL ECONOMY; DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS; ECONOMIC CORRIDOR; FOREIGN POLICY; INTERREGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.8/ 08_bulatova.pdf

RAR RUS 99-109 Melnikov Aleksandr Trysjachnyj Vladimir Rudenko Vladimir vov1979@gmail.com The policy of import substitution as a factor strengthening economic security industry An acceptable level of economic security can be achieved with a mechanism of adaptation to negative manifestations of macroeconomic instability and the creation of conditions to overcome sectoral sanctions in line with the priorities of industrial development. The results show that the main causes of the steady decline in the share of the manufacturing sector is foreign trade policy. Present trends of lowering import duties could lead in the medium term to growth of imports of manufactured goods, which should be considered in the context of economic security. In this regard, the implementation of the import substitution policy assumes that the structure of industrial production will increase the share of consumer demand. It is especially difficult, due to the presence of a stable inertial trend in engineering, to provide rapid growth in the sectors of investment demand. The simulation results based on the modified Grossman–Helpman model demonstrate that the hypothesis about the dependence of the size of the import tariff on the strength of industry lobby groups is not confirmed. Thus, the Russian foreign trade policy on tariffs is fragmented and does not form a set of common principles and priorities to support the key sectors of the manufacturing industry. In this regard, the main task is the formation of universal tools to increase the level of adaptability of businesses to the high volatility of endogenous and exogenous factors negatively influencing the level of economic security of industrial complexes. Otherwise, economic stagnation and the extension of sectoral sanctions can to preserve, and in case of a negative scenario to critically reduce the level of economic security. 10.18721/JE.10109 339.972 ECONOMIC SECURITY; MANUFACTURING; TRADE POLICY; TARIFF; GROSSMAN–HELPMAN MODEL https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.9/ 09_melnikov_trysyachnyy_rudenko.pdf

RAR RUS 110-118 Gadzhiev Magomedrasul ra9898@mail.ru Abakarova Rabiiat Abakarovarabiyat@mail.ru Problems of investment appeal of special economic zones in russian regions Investments into the creation and development of special economic zones are important for socio-economic development of the country as a whole, and for the subjects of the Russian Federation. An important factor for economic growth and development of special economic zones is to increase the volume of investments and improve their cost-effectiveness, as an instrument of formation and development of innovative economy. No less urgent is the problem of establishing an effective mechanism for the implementation of a balanced and consistent government policy to attract investments to the special economic zones. The article investigates the problem of investment attractiveness of the special economic zones of the Russian Federation. The article deals with new approaches to the implementation of regional policy and innovative development of the region. It noted the need to improve regional policy by encouraging regions to generate independent income and improv the socio-economic development. The problem of the transfer of authority for management of special economic zones at the regional level has been considered. The features of activity of special economic zones of various types have been described. The authors also analyzed the attraction of investments in special economic zones, taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian federalism. The experience of attracting investors to special economic zones of Russia has positive and negative examples. In particular, we highlighted the importance of creating a special economic zone for the solution of the problem of the formation of the tourist-recreational cluster. The result of the study was a comprehensive review of special economic zones as a special mechanism for improving the investment attractiveness and competitiveness of the entire country and its individual sectoral institutions. 10.18721/JE.10110 330.322 SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES; EVALUATION; REGIONS OF RUSSIA; INVESTMENT ATTRACTION; REGIONAL POLICY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.10/ 10_gadzhiev_abakarova.pdf

RAR RUS 119-128 Kharlamovа Тatyana kharlamova_t@list.ru Megacities as сenters of innovative development of the russian economy Рассматриваются современные подходы к пониманию мегаполиса как центра инновационного развития и определяются направления использования его возможностей для преобразования всей национальной экономики. Исходными данными для исследования послужили теоретические концепции в области глобализации, национальной и региональной экономики применительно к российским мегаполисам. Тематика определяется необходимостью изучения места мегаполисов в современной региональной и национальной экономике и причин возрастания их значимости как инновационных центров развития. Цель исследования обусловлена необходимостью развития теории управления экономикой мегаполиса на основе инновационных процессов. Гипотеза исследования заключается в том, что российские мегаполисы представляют собой специфические хозяйствующие субъекты, стимулирующие инновационные процессы во всех секторах экономики и заинтересованные в развитии сопредельных территорий в результате переноса в них инновационного производства. Это обусловливает особую роль мегаполисов в производстве, особенно, высокотехнологичной продукции. Предложены основы новой теоретической концепции, направленной на обеспечение сбалансированного развития мегаполиса на основе инноваций. Разработана структурированная авторская модель развития экономики мегаполиса. Указано на целесообразность внедрения предложенной модели органами управления мегаполиса совместно с федеральным центром. В условиях кризиса это позволит повысить уровень экономической устойчивости и конкурентоспособности мегаполисов стимулируя увеличение доли наукоемкого производства. Даны направления дальнейшего исследования проблемы перераспределения управленческих задач при изменении соотношения между плановыми и рыночными методами управления, рассматривая мегаполисы как точки роста, генерирующие инновационное развитие. 10.18721/JE.10111 338.23 MEGACITY; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; INNOVATIONS; GLOBALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; COMPETITIVENESS; ECONOMIC BENEFITS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.11/ 11_kharlamova.pdf

RAR RUS 129-139 Suloeva Svetlana suloeva_sb@mail.ru Gultceva Ol'ga olga.gultceva@rambler.ru Role and place of innovations in russian economics during the world crisis This article analyses the role and place of innovations in Russian economy during the economic crisis, because the transition to innovative type of development can recover Russian economy from stagnation. The main cause of the Russian economic recession is the global economic crisis of 2008–2009. The main factors of the retardation of economic development are the following: rapidly decreasing global prices for energy resources, the ruble exchange rate weakening with respect to the main foreign currencies, complex geopolitical situation, economic sanctions against Russian Federation and worsening of the «investment climate». The role of innovations during recession is described in the article. The place of innovations in Russian economics is illustrated by statistical data. The manufacturing industry is the basic branch, so its scientific and production performance has a particular value for the development of innovations. Based on the study carried out, it is possible to draw the conclusion that innovation is the basic factor of socio-economic development; in 2014 Russian Federation spent less than 1 % of the GDP for funding science financing; the financing of R&D by industrial companies progressively increases, however, the largest Russian companies do not invest in renovation of main production assets and their current operating expenses prevail in the cost structure; the aim of the state during stagnation should be an integrated approach to increasing innovation activity and creating favorable economic conditions for capital investment. Primary directions for enhancing the innovation activity in the industrial sector are suggested. 10.18721/JE.10112 338 INNOVATION ECONOMY; INNOVATION; R&D; INNOVATION ACTIVITY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.12/ 12_suloeva_gultseva.pdf

RAR RUS 140-145 Shlafman Alexander izevich@yandex.ru Lifecycle management innovations of the service industries In the present article the author's position in relation to the methodological principles of determining the timing of the completion of individual stages of the life cycle of organizations and enterprises of sphere of services. The most important condition for sustained development of the enterprises of sphere of services is the timely upgrade of the basic ideas of the main activities that will allow you to maintain a competitive position in the market. However, given the specificity of services, which are organized in the form of small and medium enterprises, the important point is determining the most accurate period of innovation, in order to avoid spraying a small venture capital enterprises. The process of introduction of innovations and some innovative solutions in the sphere of services forms as new sources of competitive advantages and build competitive advantage in service industries. Important for modern heads of the enterprises of sphere of services is the weaponry of management activities applied to models and techniques able to point with the least error in terms of necessary changes and assess their impact on the activities of the enterprise of sphere of services. Structurally, the assessment of the life cycle of services innovation fall as a factor of increasing the duration of stages of development. At the same time expanding and the area of stagnation. In the dynamics of the service operator is able to predict the timing and sequence of implementation of the desired innovation in order to increase the duration of the stages of development of their business. The search for a theoretical substantiation and practical application of methodological approaches to the definition of terms innovation and dedicated to the material. The scope of the expected outcomes of the study lies in the part of the strategic development of the enterprises of sphere of services. 10.18721/JE.10116 360. 380 ECONOMICS OF SERVICE INDUSTRIES; THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE INDUSTRIES; INNOVATION ACTIVITY; INNOVATION IN SERVICES; LIFE CYCLE SERVICES; THE LIFECYCLE OF SERVICES THAT REQUIRE INNOVATION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.13/ 13_shlafman.pdf

RAR RUS 146-154 Shabashkin Sergei s.shabashkin@gmail.com Evaluation of backsourcing efficiency using the discounting cash flows method This article aims to determine the effectiveness of termination of outsourcing, using the discounted cash flows method that, unlike simple comparisons of cost, allows to take into account the time factor and one-time investment costs which could be quite considerable. The actual process of construction or reconstruction of own production may take a lot of time, so the efficiency of backsourcing is determined by using the time factor.   The article examines an example of using the discounted cash flows method for the economic evaluation of the effectiveness of backsourcing, including the simulation of different scenarios of project development and the analysis of sensitivity to price changes. The article calculates the risks of price changes on the NPV of the project using sensitivity analysis. The limiting criteria for the ratio between the cost of outsourcing services within the current contract and the manufacturing costs or the costs of a different outsorcer have been determined for each scenario. This way the company can calculate the efficiency of backsourcing when deciding to terminate the outsourcing contract even with the inevitable costs that include possible penalties for early termination of the outsourcing agreement and investment costs for the reconstruction of own production.  The article gives well-known examples of global practices of early termination of the outsourcing agreement with the payment of huge penalties for early termination and a significant amount of investment in the rehabilitation of the company’s own business. The calculations can be used in Russian practice for economic substantiation of early termination of the outsourcing agreement. 10.18721/JE.10113 330.322, 334.72, 336.76, 338.242 OUTSOURCING; BACKSOURCING; DISCOUNTING; NET PRESENT VALUE; PROJECT DEVELOPMENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.14/ 14_shabashkin.pdf

RAR RUS 155-163 Petrenia Iurii 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Shilin Pavel Shilin_ps@power-m.ru Economy and management of enterprise and complexes The article reveals an important problem of determining the approaches to the design of equipment to ensure a company’s effectiveness in an uncertain demand. The participants of the market can survive in various economic conditions while maintaining the necessary level of financial performance only if they keep adapting their product strategy and pricing policy to the new realities. Business is committed to maximizing its profits, which, with the reduced economic activity  and the drop in the global demand for equipment, leads to the need to improve products and company competitiveness as a whole.  Today the market players of power generation equipment are in constant search of competitive advantages in the conditions of unstable demand. Competitiveness of products should be estimated in terms of manufacturer and purchaser. New criteria are forming for design, manufacture and service.  The history of the development of approaches to innovations and analysis of global trends, the factors that determine the competitiveness of the product and the company as а whole were considered in the paper. The authors proposed new approaches to estimating product competitiveness and to managing the company’s innovation policy; some aspects of practical applications were discussed using the example of the power machinery sector taking into account the specifics and the current realities. Additionally, mathematical and theoretical mechanisms were proposed which could be a basis for decision-making in developing and implementing new technologies, pricing and marketing. 10.18721/JE.10114 338.45.01 COMPETITIVENESS; INNOVATIONS; ADVANTAGE; DESIGN TO COST; DESIGN FOR COMPETITION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.15/ 15_petrenya_glukhov_shilin.pdf

RAR RUS 164-171 Baranovskiy Vladimir vlad205@mail.ru Garanin Dmitriy garanin@kafedrapik.ru Lukashevich Nikita lukashevich@kafedrapik.ru Formation and assessment of strategic alternatives of development in industrial complexes Formation of strategic alternatives and the strategic choice are the central and fundamental issues of strategic management. Stages of strategic management were offered; however, as much as they are important, they only lay the foundation for the development of high-quality strategy. It is worth mentioning that a major role in laying the foundation is assigned, in many respects, to the qualified employees of an industrial complex. In this study, we have outlined the crucial problem of effective management of industrial complexes regularly exposed to rapid and often unpredictable changes. Thus, there is a growing interest in strategic planning, effectively confirming that the development of industrial complexes is a complicated and labor-intensive process. Multilevel conceptual strategies are formed, the strategic documents defining the development priorities at the highest levels of economic hierarchy are devised. In turn, effective performance in this area will lead to a higher level of strategy that will increase the importance of industrial complexes. The results of specific strategies have been investigated, the main conditions yielding effective performance have been identified. We have also illustrated the subject discussed with an example of a set of criteria for assessing strategies, developed with the administrative structure of an industrial complex and reflecting a high-quality approach in arranging the priorities in choosing the strategy of the entire enterprise.  We have formulated the approaches to forming strategic alternatives of development in industrial complexes on the basis of various groups of indicators. We have characterized all current directions, methods and criteria for evaluating strategic alternatives in industrial complexes, and performed a qualitative assessment of the acceptability of strategic alternatives using the defense industry complex as an example. 10.18721/JE.10115 338.24 STRATEGY; STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES; ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPMENT; INDUSTRY; INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2017.63.16/ 16_baranovskiy_garanin_lukashevich.pdf