2782-6015 6 256 2016

RAR RUS 9-20 Korablev Vadim korablev@spbcas.ru Sarygulov Askar cfr@engec.ru Sokolov Valentin svn@engec.ru New technologies and the structure of the future economy The evolution of socio-economic systems is non-linear and contains both periods of smooth changes and sudden shocks of transformation. Seven years after the economic crisis of 2007–2009 the pace of recovery of the US and European economies remains extremely low. One reason for the stagnant state of the developed economies is the structural and technological imbalance, overcoming which will require more time and significant and substantial financial resources. A key factor in the development of breakthrough technologies is the amount of financing of fundamental and applied research from the government and the private sector. The peculiarity of the current stage of development of science is the potential for rapid spread and reproduction of general-purpose technologies, which creates certain advantages for developing countries, but developed countries themselves are experiencing a certain lack of groundbreaking scientific discoveries. All this together leads to uneven technological progress and a significant slowdown in the economic development in general. Breakthrough technologies justify their mission only if they are widely used in industry and grant access to the market of new technological products to the mass consumer. Structural imbalances can be overcome through the development of new technological platforms, the correct use of market institutions to create a competitive environment, and creation of a new system of relations between the state and the private sector, where the strategy of the control of industrial structures should belong to the state. 10.5862/JE.256.1 319.23: 621.38 BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY; INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE; DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS; INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE; HUMAN CAPITAL; KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.1/ 01_korablev_sarygulov_sokolov.pdf

RAR RUS 21-30 Markovskaya Elisaveta markovskaya@yandex.ru Anoshkina Ekaterina anoshkinakatia@mail.ru Analysis of the impact of foreign direct investments on the economic growth in developed and developing countries We have analyzed the differences in the influence of foreign direct investments on the economic growth of developed and developing countries. We used panel data, namely, the observations for 10 countries during 1983–2013, to construct a model of the dependence of GDP on foreign direct investments for the developed countries. For the model of the GDP as a function of foreign direct investments in the developing countries, we used the observations for 11 countries during 1994–2013. We have reached the conclusion that the influence of foreign direct investments definitely has a positive effect on economic growth in both cases. However, the degree of this influence depends on the type of country. Developing countries get a smaller effect from foreign direct investments due to non-transparent institutional environment and negative influence of other non-economic factors. These findings indicate the institutional and economic environment and, most likely, human capital of the developed countries allow to achieve the full effect of FDI, that is, both capital accumulation and spillover effects. Obstacles reducing the FDI effects, such as insufficient human capital and poor economic and institutional environment, likely exist in the developing countries. Thus, the impact of FDI on economic growth is certainly positive, however the level of this effect depends on the country’s characteristics. This means that the hypothesis that FDI affects developing countries less than developed due to the existence of thresholds in the form of unhealthy institutional and economic environment was confirmed. 10.5862/JE.256.2 339.72.015 NFLUENCE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC FACTORS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.2/ 02_markovskaya_anoshkina.pdf

RAR RUS 31-39 Vladimirov Sergey ideal_ideal@mail.ru A comprehensive theoretically balanced and practically achievable model of a universal macroeconomic system Numerical indicators of the level and pace of economic and social development are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of a country’s economic policy, its subsequent changes, and overall management of social development. The Samuelson model, most common among economists, establishes supposedly direct links between large amounts of savings and the corresponding consumption level, the economic law of increasing additional cost, decreasing the efficiency and performance/yields, economies of scale, etc. The development of modern developing and developed economies often contradicts this model of economic choice. The author’s model, which is close to the interpretation of the ‘econophysical’ direction in modern economic theory (the Carnot cycle in thermodynamics), implies that the specific amount of state expenditure and investments obtained by the economic system should ideally (in case of ‘zero-losses’ of the maximum possible public efficiencies of state spending and investments) lead to the maximum possible rate of economic growth. The result of the balanced open economy model developed by the author is in overcoming the barrier of the alleged lack of quantitative constants in an economic system, which makes it drastically different from physical systems (the author is fully aware of the system’s limitations: the irreducibility of social progress and human development to increasing the income or augmenting material wealth, or economic growth rates). In our opinion, the comprehensive macroeconomic model proposed above should allow, following its introduction into the preparation, negotiation, approval and implementation of budget analysis by the corresponding government authorities, to ‘consciously’, instead of blindly, scientifically substantiate and strictly control the efficiency of the directions of macroeconomic development, and their deviation from the ideal. 10.5862/JE.256.3 330 efficiency macroeconomics development strategy balance sustainability quality policy taxes. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.3/ 03_vladimirov.pdf

RAR RUS 40-53 Orlova Vlada vlada2266@gmail.com Alesinskaya Tat'iana atv_@mail.ru Arutyunova Diana sandia@yandex.ru Institutional challenges and strategic management features of territorial-productional subsystems Formation of system of strategic management in Russia needs a system development of legal and methodological basis and requires interpretation and compilation of lessons learned. The purpose of the study is to identify factors of influence, management aspects and ordering system for problems of territorial and production of strategic management in general and urgent for the development of port and industrial complexes as sub regional economic system, in particular. From a systems perspective it revealed features of the interaction and coordination of the conditions defined territorial, sectoral and corporate aspects of the functioning and development of territorial entities by the example of the port and industrial complexes. Based on the analysis of the opinions of experts, researchers, practitioners of territorial stewardship existing problems of Strategic Management in the Russian Federation have been summarized and systematized in accordance with the control functions. Bottlenecks strategic territorial control descending occurrence are the organizational and methodological aspects of the planning process, insufficient and/or multidirectional motivation planning entities, communication problems of operational and consistent treatment of a variety of information, ill-considered system of input, current and output control. Ways of their solution have been formulated for each group identified problems. The specificity of the identified strategic management issues in relation to the port complex. In the case of a plurality of stevedores problem common purposeful management port complex appears as the object of national and regional interest. This requires the solution of two interrelated problems: the presence of the strategy and policy coherence both vertically and horizontally. This prevents legal conflict between the goals and objectives of the development of port facilities and port operations authorized institutions. It is shown that the new ports have initially formulated a development strategy that promotes the formation of port and industrial complexes. It is emphasized that the system of strategic development takes place under the leadership of the port operator and should constitute a synthesis of regional, sectoral and corporate components on the basis of public – private management. 10.5862/JE.256.4 330.322 STRATEGIC TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT; CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS; TERRITORIAL AND INDUSTRY SYSTEM; THE CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF STRATEGIC GUIDELINES PORT AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES; ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PLANNING PROCESS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.4/ 04_orlova_alesinskaya_arutyunova.pdf

RAR RUS 54-63 55801324500 0000-0001-5877-9342 Volgograd State Technical University Merzlikina Galina merzlikina@vstu.ru

28, Lenina Ave., Volgograd, Russia, 400005

Pshenichnikov Il'ia nomad83@mail.ru Zherebov Egor Diffusion of innovative processes as a basis of viability of a regional innovative cluster An investigation of the scientific and methodical approaches to the problem of creating innovative clusters and supporting their viability has revealed the shortcomings in studying the diffusive processes within a regional innovative cluster. Taking into account the strengthening role of the transformation of the technological paradigm and its impact on the emergence and development of an innovative cluster, the problem of effective diffusion of innovative processes in all fields of activity of the cluster’s participants and creating the tools for eliminating the obstacles arising in the course of introduction of innovations and allowing to overcome ‘rejection’ of innovative processes. We have performed an analysis of the methodology of creating diffusive processes, revealing the following essential shortcomings: different levels of readiness of the participants of innovative clusters for diffusive processes are not taken into account, the chaotic structure of innovative clustering does not allow to plan a diffusive process, introduction of new elements does not always lead to a new level of competences and knowledge in an innovative cluster, and also does not energize the structure of an innovative cluster, and creates additional difficulties for its development. Developing effective instruments for initiating diffusive processes and supporting the viability of regional innovative clusters is offered as a method for eliminating these shortcomings. We have offered a set of measures for overcoming the arising difficulties of diffusive processes, which allow to avoid or anticipate rejection of innovative processes (i.e., complete refusal to introduce these processes into any activities) by the cluster’s participants. The focus among the measures we have proposed for overcoming the obstacles is on such tools as the integration of a technological implant into the activity of an innovative cluster; formation of a ‘quarantine zone’ of an innovative cluster and ‘transplantation’ of new structural elements in a cluster. 10.5862/JE.256.5 621.3:319.27 INNOVATIVE CLUSTER; DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIVE PROCESSES; REGIONAL MARKET ENVIRONMENT; INTEGRATION OF REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.5/ 05_merzlikina_pshenichnikov_zherebov.pdf

RAR RUS 64-72 Tsohla Svetlana s.tsohla@yandex.ru Simchenko Nataliia natalysimchenko@yandex.ru Structural transformation of the economy of the Crimea: retrospectives of the chemical industry development The retrospective analysis of the basic stages of formation and development of the chemical industry of the Crimea has been performed. It is noted that the chemical industry in the Crimean region ranks the third in the gross regional product. The role of industrialization of the Crimean region on the eve of World War II has been highlighted.  It is noted that the rapid development of chemical industry of the Crimea in the Soviet Union is a result of the policy of industrialization and chemization of the economy with a focus on using natural raw materials. Attention is paid to the unique raw material resources of the Crimean salt lakes: Sakskoye Lake and  Sivash. We have analyzed the production dynamics of the Crimean chemical industry for the periods of 1916–1932 and 1940–2000. The development of the chemical industry plays an important role in the implementation of the import substitution policy, but there are some problems in integrating the Crimean chemical industry into the Russian economy. These are the lack of industrial water and the complexity of product transportation. It was concluded that Crimean chemical plants need to integrated into Russian industrial corporate groups to develop distribution networks in the domestic market and the markets of Central Asia and Africa where there is demand for Crimean chemical products. 10.5862/JE.256.6 338.45   CHEMICAL INDUSTRY; CRIMEA; RETROSPECTIVE; STRUCTURE OF ECONOMY; TRANSFORMATION; EXPORT ORIENTATION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.6/ 06_tsyekhla_simchenko.pdf

RAR RUS 73-85 57195605622 0000-0002-3718-5913 Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Basareva Vera vera.basareva@gmail.com

P.O. box 267, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, Russia, 630501

Problems of the Siberian Federal District in the context of recovery of economic growth The task of restoring economic growth is considered in the article for the conditions of Siberia, which experienced a certain decline in its social and economic development in the previous economic period compared to the national average. We have analyzed the statistics of 2014-2015, which, according to experts, reflect the dynamics of the drivers of economic growth. It is shown that the situation has deteriorated in the regions of the Siberian Federal District (SFD). The decline in the consumer market and investments in fixed assets exceed the figures for Russia as a whole. The subjects of the Federation, members of the district exhibit high non-uniformity in the development. The sectoral specialization of regions does not provide the potential to increase incomes. State policy of regulation and support of small business is not aimed at improving the spatial structure of small businesses, which will can lead to falling household incomes, plant closures, job cuts, and further reduction of the regional income. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of public debt and deficit volumes of consolidated budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation, we can conclude that the SFD subjects do not have sufficient budgetary resources to maintain growth potential. We have formulated recommendations for reducing the impact of the existing negative trends in different areas. We have proved it is necessary to develop a new version of the district’s strategy that would include new tasks associated with the project approach to accelerating economic growth, which will provide a concentration of financial, managerial and administrative resources on the most important specific problems in the economy and social sphere of the SFD, yielding tangible, measurable results. 10.5862/JE.256.7 339.98   SUBJECTS OF THE FEDERATION; FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH; CONSUMER MARKET; INVESTMENTS; INDUSTRY SPECIALIZATION; SMALL BUSINESS; CONSOLIDATED BUDGETS; AMOUNT OF PUBLIC DEBT. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.7/ 07_basareva.pdf

RAR RUS 86-96 Zagorodnikov Mikchail vm007@mail.ru Kalinin Igor' kaigmi@mail.ru Methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of traffic along the Northern sea route The paper presents the analysis of the indicators of the state’s strategic planning documents in the field of the Arctic transport system and rates for the services of icebreakers for transport by the Northeast Passage. The components forming the sea transport costs have also been considered. We have revealed the mismatch between the feasibility of marine facilities and the state strategic objectives. Examining the scheme of the benefits from the transport component and the documents of state strategic planning allowed to propose and analyze a technical efficiency index of the transport via the Northeast Passage, and construct an objective function of the optimization problem. It is shown that the variables of the objective function and the constraints of the optimization problem are the parameters characterizing the quality of shipbuilding products. We have proved the importance of program planning in the decision management of strategic state tasks in the Arctic, and of coordinating the national strategic objectives and specific problems of shipbuilding. We have proposed the limits of economic feasibility for adopting a multicriteria management decision on creating shipbuilding objects and the infrastructure of the Northeast Passage. We have estimated the influence of the increment of the target parameter on the change of the specific cost increment. It is shown that a significant breakthrough in the development of traffic along the Northeast Passage is needed before 2020 for solving state tasks, which can only be achieved by simultaneously increasing the turnover and reducing the cost of transportation. We have concluded that it is extremely important to reach a compromise in making technical and economic decisions on the basis of multivariate analysis which has a subjective component in the form of expert estimates of the weight coefficients and is not supported by a necessary amount of reliable baseline data. 10.5862/JE.256.8 334 NORTHEAST PASSAGE ICEBREAKER TARIFF TRANSPORTATION SHIPBUILDING ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION EFFICIENCY INDICATOR INDEX https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.8/ 08_zagorodnikov_kalinin.pdf

RAR RUS 97-111 Milekhina Ol'ga olga.milekhina@gmail.com Adova Irina adovaib@sibmail.ru Network interaction of institutional units: problems and defining points of growth for strategic effectiveness Modern trends in the development of the global community (transition to knowledge economics, universal digitalization and technological development, rapid routinization of business processes, transformation of competitive preferences, etc.) necessitate the search for new forms of interaction of institutional units and their associations. The triple helix model and cluster theories are the conceptual basis for network interaction. The logical analysis of the state of the institutional environment and the strategies of the institutional units allowed to identify the problems of network interaction. It is proposed to transform the institutional environment so that it will allow to accomplish tasks of territory development and to monitor the strategical effectiveness of innovation programs. It is established that the emerging barriers to network interaction are to be eliminated gradually. The authors adapted the method of assessing the innovation development of the subjects of the Russian Federation for monitoring the transformation of the institutional environment. The basic indicator system was worked out in detail up to the level of individual institutional units. The authors designed a prototype of the expert system whose performance was demonstrated for the Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and Kemerovo regions and the Altai Krai.   Further investigations are related to introducing new information pools into the expert system for assessing the institutional units. 10.5862/JE.256.9 338.24 INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES; CONURBATION; TRIPLE HELIX MODEL; NETWORK INTERACTION; CLUSTER THEORY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.9/ 09_milyekhina_adova.pdf

RAR RUS 112-121 Svetunkov Sergei sergey@svetunkov.ru Ponomarev Oleg td-semia@mail.ru Social entrepreneurship and entrepreneur lifecycle model The theory of entrepreneurship is currently one of the most advanced sections of economic science. This theory is still developing and expanding. One of the new trends in modern business theory, widely discussed in the international economic science, is the study of the social entrepreneurship phenomenon. Study findings on social entrepreneurship have also been published by Russian economists. Although social entrepreneurship has been studied for more than thirty years now, the totality of the results obtained cannot be viewed as social entrepreneurship theory. The notions about this interesting phenomenon are presented in an eclectic form and have yet to be systematized. Moreover, while some researchers say that it is a new paradigm in business,  others argue that it has been observed for several centuries.  As shown in the article based on the analysis of major published works, there is still no consensus among scientists as to what constitutes social entrepreneurship. It is shown that attempts to define this concept have proved unsuccessful. It is not clear from scientific publications how to combine the desire for profit inherent for an entrepreneur with the altruism characteristic of social business.  The article proposes to consider social entrepreneurship not as an isolated phenomenon, but as occurring at a certain stage in the life cycle of the entrepreneur when this cycle comes to a bifurcation point. Social entrepreneurship acts as one of the attractors of the further development of the business cycle. As a result of this approach it is possible to explain the conditions required for social entrepreneurship to emerge, to understand the phenomenon of entrepreneurship in the social sphere and to identify the factors that contribute to the development of social entrepreneurship. 10.5862/JE.256.10 332.012.23 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP; STAGES OF BUSINESS; SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY; LIFE CYCLE; ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.10/ 10_svetunkov_ponomarev.pdf

RAR RUS 122-129 Kulibanova Valeriia valerykul@mail.ru Teor Tat'iana teort@rambler.ru Innovative place branding tools: definition, essence, implementation mechanism At the moment, the competition between different regions for attracting tourists, investments, new residents and businesses has caused the persons responsible for the development of territories to turn to marketing tools. One of the tools for improving the attractiveness of the territory is building and promoting a strong place brand. The place can in this case comprise an entire country (Switzerland), as well as a smaller region: a state (California), a region (the Loire Valley), or a city (Berlin). The goal of place branding is creating a desired image of a place in the mind of a target audience; different messages can be developed for different audiences. The place brand is an umbrella brand which is a combination of subbrands. As with any umbrella brand, the decision-making process concerning an individual subbrand should take into account the effect that the decision will have on the parent brand and on other subbrands. A strong place brand development is a long procedure which has a strategic role for the growth of the region’s competitive opportunities and attractiveness. The article is dedicated to new, non-traditional instruments of place branding. It gives a definition of a place brand, place branding, place brand image, place branding policy, target audiences for branding policy. On the basis of the study, we have proposed the directions for forming a region’s image as a preferred destination for tourism, for various kinds of business events (exhibitions, congresses, workshops), for residence, work, study, investment, for launch of new enterprises, and for implementing innovations. We have given examples of effective measures for each of these directions. 10.5862/JE.256.11 332.14 PLACE BRAND; PLACE BRANDING; STAKEHOLDERS;ATTRACTIVENESS OF A REGION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.11/ 11_kulibanova_teor.pdf

RAR RUS 130-147 Kuladzhi Tamara kuladzhit@list.ru V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Matrix microforecasting of the competitiveness of innovative products The current regulatory framework for the development of innovative territorial development in the Russian Federation is analyzed. This regulatory framework contributes to the development of regional programs for attracting investments and for innovation and economic growth of the region where the cluster is based. The cluster policies of many countries reflect the peculiarities of their economical policies taking into account the goals and strategies for innovative competitive positions in the global market. Clusters are a tool of increasing the efficiency of the national innovation system where science, government, business structures and consumers determine the direction of the industrial technological development. At present the geographical expansion of the activity of domestic clusters, as well as the formation and development of innovative clusters based on business needs are provided in the framework of territorial and strategic planning in our country. This requires integration into the external economic environment, accelerated development of the infrastructure and the human resource potential of Russia, development of a network of competitive suppliers, service organizations, creation of competitive innovative products. An analysis of the goals and objectives of modern industrial strategic planning is performed using the example of the strategy of the construction materials industry. A production costs index for an innovative cluster has been presented.  Innovative production costs were calculated taking into account market factors.  Innovative cluster economy has been described. The methodological approaches reveal the methodology for calculating the costs of innovative products using Kargapolov’s matrix formula allowing simultaneous and absolutely precise calculation of the cost index of manufactured products based on the algebraic matrices presented in the form of a practical toolkit for managerial decision-making in innovative production including  clusters. This matrix toolkit is also recommended as a tool for strategic microforecasting of cost indicators of innovative products. 10.5862/JE.256.12 338.242.2:519.866     COMPETITIVENESS; CLUSTERS; INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION EXPENSES; ECONOMIC MATHEMATICAL MODELLING; PRODUCT COST https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.12/ 12_kuladzhi_babkin.pdf

RAR RUS 148-158 Lisin Evgenii lisinym@gmail.com Stepanova Tat'iana StepanovaTM@mpei.ru Zhovtiak Pavel ZhovtiakPG@mpei.ru Investigation of the effect of cost allocation methods on the competitiveness of CHP plants in energy markets The paper investigates the impact of the cost allocation method on the economic results of CHPs operating in Russian energy markets. The distribution of costs between the electric and heat energy were calculated for each of the CHP’s operational modes by the exergy, physical and electrical equivalent methods.  When CHP operating in winter physical and electrical equivalents allocation methods are equally effective. Using the exergy method of cost allocation for the given initial data led to the CHP falling behind the trading schedule of the wholesale power market and to a significant reduction in the income from production and business.  When the CHP operates during the transition period, it incurs losses from production and business. Even though using the physical method allows the CHP to catch up with the trading schedule of the wholesale power market, the profit from the electricity sales is not high enough and does not cover the substantial losses incurred by the power plant in the local heat market. At the same time, using the exergy method and the method of electrical equivalents lets the CHP profit in the heat market, significantly reducing losses resulting from the non-payment of electricity on the wholesale power market.  When the CHP operates in the summer period it incurs serious losses of production and economic activity. In this case, using cost allocation methods leads to the same economic results. Despite the fact that using the exergy method allows the CHP to make a profit from selling thermal energy in the heat local market, the heavy losses from non-payment of electricity on the wholesale power market do not allow to benefit from this cost allocation method compared to other methods.  In general, the method of electrical equivalents provides the greatest economic benefit during the year, allowing to form a compromise solution for the allocation of costs between heat and electricity. 10.5862/JE.256.13 338.45, 338.51, 620.93 CHP; COST ALLOCATION METHODS; WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET; LOCAL HEAT MARKET; COMPETITIVENESS; ECONOMIC EFFECT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.13/ 13_lisin_stepanova_zhovtyak.pdf

RAR RUS 159-165 Zlobina Natalya zlobinanv@bk.ru Toistyakov Roman Zavrazhina Kristina zavrazhina-kv@yandex.ru Quality management as a tool for improving viral marketing The article raises questions concerning the current state of marketing promotion of goods and using the principles of total quality management (TQM) for improving the quality management of viral marketing. Major factors of viral marketing are analyzed. Information on the technology and consequences of viral marketing is provided. It is offered to use the principles of TQM as the basic ones. These are the following: liabilities of the management; expansion of the rights and opportunities of the employees (personnel involvement); fact-based decision-making; continuous improvement; focus on clients. The concept of continuous improvement by TQM mainly concerns constant improvement of all activities, from strategic planning at the high level and in the decision-making process, to a detailed execution of the activities within a production facility. This results from the fact that mistakes can be avoided and defects can be prevented and leads to constant improvement of the results, in all aspects of work, due to constant improvement of opportunities, personnel, processes, technology and machines. We have concluded that it should be borne in mind using the principles of total quality management during the design, creation and implementation of viral marketing it is necessary to remember that people look for content which is simultaneously interesting, informative and solving their problems. 10.5862/JE.256.14 365.28.16 QUALITY; VIRALVIDEOS; MANAGEMENT; MARKETING https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.14/ 14_zlobina_tolstyakov_zavrazhina.pdf

RAR RUS 166-178 Radaev Anton TW-inc@yandex.ru 0000-0002-4144-4287 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kobzev Vladimir emm@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg,195251

Optimizing the configuration for the supply network of industrial enterprises based on the probabilistic process model At the current stage in the development of domestic industrial enterprises, it is especially important to ensure reliable operation of the corresponding supply networks. Review and comparative analysis of literature in the respective scientific area allows to conclude that relatively few methodological procedures and instrumental tools have been for determining the performance characteristics of supply networks, including their reliability parameters. It was thus deemed practical to create an optimization model for determining these characteristics for the supply networks of industrial enterprises based on a generalized setting for the problem of managing a supply network. The model created allows to determine the network’s optimal configuration with respect to the composition of the participating enterprises and the material flows processed by these enterprises on the basis of the criteria describing the general costs of implementing the project (as ordered by the ultimate consumers), the total duration and the generalized reliability of implementing the respective processes concerned with product transfer and processing. Each of the above-mentioned criteria can be taken into account within the model either as a component of the objective function, or as an element of the corresponding constraints. The main initial data for implementing the optimization model are the characteristics of the supply network’s process model concerning costs, duration and reliability characteristics for product transfer and processing, and also the demands of the ultimate consumers for the amount of the finished product, general costs, total duration and reliability of fulfilling the order (the last three characteristics can be determined by both normative and maximum admissible values depending on the method used for taking into account the optimization criteria). The main sought-for variables of the model are the volumes of material flows between the enterprises making up the supply network; the auxiliary variables describe cumulative values of duration and reliability at different processing stages. As opposed to most of the previously developed tools, this optimization model is linear and therefore can be easily implemented with modern software tools. 10.5862/JE.256.15 656.073, 658.7   SUPPLY NETWORK; INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE; RELIABILITY; MODELING; OPTIMIZATION MODEL https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.15/ 15_radaev_kobzev.pdf

RAR RUS 179-186 Filatov Aleksey aleksey_filatoff@mail.ru Kolibaba Vladimir Theoretical approaches to developing a strategy for managing the assets of a transmission and distribution company The problem of measuring and estimating utility in the power industry is as important as ever. This study analyzes the concept of utility with respect to the operation of T&D companies. The utility of an asset management strategy is defined as a measure of the strategy’s conformity with reasonable expectations of the key stakeholders. There are two main approaches to utility estimation: cardinal and ordinal utilities. The cardinal approach assumes there is a single measure of utility, therefore, asset management strategies can be directly assessed and prioritized. In order to implement this approach, either the calculate monetary value of the physical risk needs to be calculated, or introduce additional functions should be introduced, e.g., the reliability penalty function. Within this approach, customer satisfaction is factored in only implicitly. There is no single utility measure when ordinal utility is used; 10.5862/JE.256.16 338.49 T&D COMPANIES; ASSET MANAGEMENT STRATEGY; STAKEHOLDERS; FUNCTIONING EFFICIENCY; UTILITY VECTOR https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.16/ 16_filatov_kolibaba.pdf

RAR RUS 187-196 Andreeva Tamara burnside@ngs.ru Andreev Vladimir Analysis of the development of an enterprise as an element of a mesoeconomic system using evolutionary modeling This article suggests an approach to evolutionary modelling of the financial sustainability for the elements of a meso-economic systems. The evolution of said elements is connected with transition from the unstable state of the system to the more effective and stable state. Possible evolutionary trajectories of the system are shown to depend on internal parameters. The evolutionary approach to modelling the elements of meso-economic systems allowed to examine the financial sustainability of such systems as one of the states of their evolutionary development and to show the necessity of transition from the unstable state of the system into a new stable state. In order to assess the state of the enterprise in the examined period and to define its trajectories in the future, calculations with real data were performed. These calculations allowed to estimate the possibility of elements of the meso-economic systems making a transition from the stable state into the state of instability, to construct the evolutionary trajectories of the existing enterprise as an element of the meso-economic system depending on the values of internal parameters with the help of evolutionary modelling. In particular, it was deduced through sustainability analysis using the evolutionary approach that the enterprise developed a stable state trajectory in the examined period; analysis showed, that such state of the enterprise entails limitation for further development, and there are several possible types of trajectory of development for an enterprise: saddle, center, steady knot, stable focus, unstable knot, unstable focus; the unstable state gives an opportunity to the enterprise pass into a new stable state more or less efficiently through the bifurcation point; the areas for different types of evolution were shown and the coefficient values at which the enterprise is capable of passing not only through the stable into the unstable state but also from one area to another were calculated. 10.5862/JE.256.17 681.31.001 MODELING; EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS; PhASE TRAJECTORIES OF DEVELOPMENT; UNSTABLE STATE; FINANCIAL STABILITY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.17/ 17_andreeva_andreev.pdf

RAR RUS 197-205 Kovalevsky Dmitry dmitry.kovalevsky@niersc.spb.ru, d_v_kovalevsky@list.ru Modelling the «global economy – global climate» system using the optimization and system$dynamic approaches Climate-economy models (particularly, Integrated Assessment models) are important tools in economics of climate change. We have analyzed the optimization and system-dynamic approaches to climate-economy modelling. The first approach, currently the most widespread, implies defining the relevant model as a dynamic optimization problem, while the second one can ultimately be reduced to (usually numerical) integration of some dynamic system. We have proposed a dynamic model of the «global economy – global climate» system with three state variables: capital, global carbon intensity, and global mean surface air temperature increase above the pre-industrial level (temperature). The model allows for the regimes of endogenous carbon intensity reduction. The capital depreciation rate is endogenous as well, increasing with temperature. We have performed numeric simulations with this Integrated Assessment model under «business-as-usual» scenario, and under conditions of globally coordinated mitigation policies. We have evaluated the discounted utility of consumption for several non-optimal solutions. Simulation results suggest that, as opposed to the formally optimal solution corresponding to the «business-as-usual» scenario with no climate policy, solutions with minor utility reduction caused by moderate investment in endogenous global carbon intensity reduction might be quite efficient in achieving mitigation targets. The analysis performed provides an argument supporting «moderately suboptimal» solutions as a viable alternative to formally «first-best» optimal solutions in certain real-world situations. We conclude with a corollary about the good prospects for applying system-dynamic models in economics of climate change. 10.5862/JE.256.18 330.35, 330.4, 551.583     CLIMATE CHANGE; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT MODEL; ECONOMIC GROWTH; DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEM DYNAMICS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.18/ 18_kovalevskiy.pdf

RAR RUS 206-218 Dolgushina Anastasiia na_otlichno@inbox.ru Poltoradneva Natal'ia Digital banking model Modern foreign studies in the field of banking activities indicate that the banking systems of the advanced countries of the world are currently adapting to a digital model of banking. Despite the fact that the modern stage of development of both global and Russian banking systems is inextricably linked with digital transformation of the customer service processes of credit institutions, researchers have paid little attention to the study of the essence of the digital model of banking services. The inadequate theoretical base of digital banking inhibits orderly and efficient development of Russian banking. In this regard, this article proposes a simulation of banking services, with the aim of selecting the evaluation parameters and criteria of banking models. The study allows to establish the boundaries of the digital banking model, to allocate its characteristic features and peculiarities of functioning. The materials presented in this article should allow the subjects of the banking system to gain a better understanding of the specifics of the development of the modern banking system, and can also serve as a theoretical basis for identification and orientation of the development level of banking services. It promotes coordination of credit institutions and banking systems of the countries of the world aimed at improving the competitiveness and efficiency of their activities in terms of the impact of digitalization on the processes of transformation of banking services. The results of the study can also be the basis for the formation of techniques designed to assess the level of development of banking services and are also a prerequisite for predicting the prospects of further improvement of banking services in order to implement the planned development of banking activities. 10.5862/JE.256.19 336.012.23 BANKING; DIGITAL BANKING MODEL; DIGITAL BANKING; DIRECTION OF BANKING TRANSFORMATION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.19/ 19_dolgusheva_poltoradneva.pdf

RAR RUS 219-227 Frey Diana FreyDA@mpei.ru Zubkova Alisa ZubkovaAG@mail.ru Kostyuchenko Pavel kostyuchenko@ast-russia.ru Use of learning models for forming energy-saving strategies The article is dedicated to the major problem of improving the methodological base for evaluating the economic efficiency of energy-saving measures. The goal of the study is in developing an effective system for supporting the decision-making involved in devising strategic alternatives that are energy-saving measures different in their effects and in the resources required for achieving them, and for creating a design model of cash flows required for implementing the investment project. The suggested approach using “learning” models reduces time and labor costs for evaluating the economic efficiency of energy-saving measures. These models formalize the stable causal relationships in the economic environment emerging during the implementation of energy-saving measures. Various analytical methods have been used in the study: systematization of the influencing factors, structuring of the changes in the economical outcomes and in the components of costs at the enterprise and in the project, logical analysis of the correlation of the energy-saving effects of different nature and the economical outcomes and costs.  Some examples of energy-saving measures were analyzed in the article 6 types of “learning” models were created based on the analysis. These models reflect the changes of the above-mentioned cash flow components in the project and at the enterprise. The typology of the models corresponds to the classification of the energy-saving measures developed by the authors. Using such models allows to improve the quality of evaluation, simplify and partially formalize the creation of strategical alternatives and models of cash flows in an energy-saving project. Further research will allow to expand the opportunities of the described approach using learning models both with respect to the types of energy-saving measures and to the structuring of the components of outcomes and costs taken into account in the cash flows. 10.5862/JE.256.20 658.26 ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY; STRATEGIC PLANNING; ENERGY SAVING; LEARNING MODELS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.20/ 20_frey_zubkova_kostyuchenko.pdf

RAR RUS 228-235 Nikolenko Tat'iana engecin@mail.ru Tarasova Elena elenavtar@mail.ru The system of balanced indicators evaluation and the tools for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative projects urrently, the main objective for enterprises is to maintain competitiveness while preserving financial stability. One of the main methods for achieving the desired position on the domestic and foreign markets is making successful investments in projects that generate stable profits in the short term. A feature of the investment projects of industrial enterprises is a significant initial investment and a long payback period. Enterprises need to properly justify the choice of the invested project to receive state support in the form of subsidies. In addition, considering innovative projects as the best options for investment, a significant level of risk should be taken into account. The relevance of the article’s subject is that at the moment there is no universal method for evaluating innovative projects that can give a definite result. The most common expert evaluation method gives a subjective result based on the personal opinions of experts which may not coincide. The article describes the hierarchy analysis method as a tool for comparative evaluation of innovative projects. The method is based on a system of common criteria and allows the series to make a comparison of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of innovative projects on the basis of objective calculations and expert assessments, which simplifies the process of analysis and increases the accuracy of the estimate. The article discusses an opportunity to analyze the system of project indicators which is a hierarchy of criteria distributed over large groups. This article includes an example of substantiating the choice of one of the three innovative projects based in the Ufa Engine Industrial Association, PJSC. The article highlights the advantages of using this method 10.5862/JE.256.21 338.1 INNOVATIVE PROJECT; HIERARCHY ANALYSIS METHOD; MATRIX COMPARISONS; INTEGRAL INDICATOR https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.62.21/ 21_nikolenko_tarasova.pdf