2782-6015 π-Economy 5 251 2016
RAR RUS 7-20 Palash Svetlana svpalash@yandex.ru The management of structural changes in the economy of a region: principles, criteria and indicators system of efficiency evaluation (by the example of industry of the Kostroma region) The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity of transition of the Russian economy to a new model and a new quality of economic growth, which is possible through introducing structural reforms in the economy, and is a component of economic development. The purpose of the study is in developing methodological and procedural foundations for estimating the quality and efficiency of structural changes in the economy. The objectives of the study are to give a brief evaluation of the industry in the Kostroma region as a control object of structural changes; to formulate the principles of structural changes management in the economy (industry); justify the selection criteria of the purpose, methods, and tools to manage structural changes in the economy (industry) and requirements for the subjects of management of structural changes; develop principles, criteria and indicators for assessing the quality of structural changes in the economy (industry); to propose criteria and system of indicators of an efficiency estimation of structural changes management in the economy (industry) for the controlled and controlling systems.  The research methodology is based on a systematic approach. The method of study is economic analysis. It is possible to allocate the following features of the conducted research and the results obtained: principles, criteria and systems of indicators  were developed on the basis of the principle of consistency as a core of system philosophy; the author offers a system of indicators to assess structural changes in the object, project, process and environmental systems on the basis of the classification of economic systems proposed by Kleiner; the structural changes themselves are considered as process and project systems with the appropriate features and specifications; the industrial complex as control object of structural changes is also considered as a set of systems of different types.  The methodology and procedures for assessing the quality and effectiveness of the management of structural changes in the economy should act as a support for achieving the goals of state development programs and for improving the efficiency of state management of the economy of the region. Continuous monitoring of structural changes in the economy of the region and its industry will allow to timely identify structural problems and their aggravation, and to direct the available resources to resolve these problems. The proposed methodology and procedure will provide a systematic management of structural changes in the economy and industry of the region. The scope of application of the obtained results is the structural policy, the management of structural changes in national, regional economy, economic complexes, industry. 10.5862/JE.251.1 338.24 MANAGEMENT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE; REGIONAL INDUSTRY; EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT; METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.1/ 01_palash.pdf
RAR RUS 21-29 V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
 56502340400 0000-0002-1685-2625 Russian State University for the Humanities Vertakova Yulia vertakova@rambler.ru
Miusskaya sq. 6, Moscow, 125047, Russia
 55968032400 0000-0002-3784-6195 St. Petersburg State University of Economics Plotnikov Vladimir plotnikov_2000@mail.ru Assessing the economic efficiency of cluster functioning: a quantitative approach The cluster approach, i.e., forming basic innovative and industrial clusters has gained wide circulation in modern Russian conditions for the development of the economy. These actions are considered by federal and regional authorities as effective measures for implementing the economic policy stimulating regional development. The analysis we carried out showed that the quantitative approach for assessing the efficiency of cluster creation and performance is still insufficiently used. In this paper we establish and quantitatively estimate the influence cluster have on the regional economy using regression analysis with an example of a number of Russian regional clusters. It is offered to expand the practice of creation and the state support of clusters taking into account the revealed quantitative dependences estimating their efficiency. We have advanced the hypothesis that clustering has a positive influence on regional economy, and confirmed this influence by means of quantitative methods using representative datasets. Our study of course had a selective character as it is not possible to carry out calculations for all existing clusters and cluster initiatives of Russia and discuss the results within a single article. At the same time, following the analysis we performed, we concluded that it is effective to initiate cluster creation in Russian regions. It is shown that cluster activity is capable to have of having a positive impact on GRP growth and the budgetary income in the region. Along with that, we note the dissimilarities in the multiplying influence of clusters on the regional development, its dependence on territorial and branch specifics that will be the direction for a further in-depth study. 10.5862/JE.251.2 621.4:319.57 CLUSTER POLICY; CLUSTER; EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT; REGIONAL ECONOMY; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.2/ 02_babkin_vertakova_plotnikov.pdf
RAR RUS 30-40 Volkov Artem gromadeus@mail.ru Razmanova Svetlana s.razmanova@sng.vniigaz.gazprom.ru Technological modernization of the oil and gas industry: the current state and prospects of development 10.5862/JE.251.3 338:622.276:622.279 TECHNOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION; IMPORT SUBSTITUTION; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; INNOVATION; POSTINDUSTRIAL ECONOMY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.3/ 03_volkov_razmanova.pdf
RAR RUS 41-46 Movchan Konstantin Control system of utilization of medical waste: experience of the EU and Russia This article describes the European experience with medical waste processing, as well as presents an  analysis of the current situation in this sphere in Russia. Description of the current changes in legislation is followed by the possible strategies for implementation of new methods and schemes in the field of medical waste. This topic is highly important nowadays because medical waste contains a variety of different hazardous and toxic elements that are dangerous for the environment and human health. Moreover, careless treatment of medical waste can affect people and especially children that can unknowingly interact with these objects especially with infectious materials remaining after usage in clinics and hospitals. The author proposes a special scheme for medical waste processing adopting the more sophisticated model of the «resource center» for a smaller scale, in particular, for medical waste. Based on this model it will be possible to improve the existing methods for waste management in this sphere as well as to develop new technologies that can improve environmental and economic aspects in this field 10.5862/JE.251.4 621.3:319.54 ORGANIZATION OF MANAGEMENT; DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES; ENVIRONMENT; MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT; TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.4/ 04_movchan.pdf
RAR RUS 47-56 Aletdiova Anna aletdinova@corp.nstu.ru Innovative development of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of disruptive technologies Technological progress has led to the emergence of new disruptive technologies: mobile Internet, artificial intelligence, Internet of things, cloud technology, advanced robotics, autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles, next-generation genomics, energy storage, 3D printing, advanced materials, renewable energy, exploration, advanced oil and gas exploration and recovery. In the author's opinion, implementing most of them in the agro- industrial complex (AIC) should be considered promising. These technologies will provide a way out of crisis in the cluster, as well as innovative development, radically transforming the agricultural sector. They are expected to contribute to the increment of scientific, labor, environmental, information, communication, and social potentials. They are expected to improve technical equipment, develop industrial and social infrastructures. They are also supposed to contribute to the saving of natural resources. The article describes the main emerging potentials for innovative development of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of disruptive technologies. The massive use of these technologies should allow to reduce the cost of their implementation. The author sees the future of this cluster as an innovative and high-tech one, capable of ensuring food and national security. The agricultural production should be boosted through creating a unified information and communication system for remote economic management and social welfare, logistics, consulting services, education, and public services; robotics and automation of technological processes; genetic industry; the use of new technologies, materials, renewable energy, all of which would ultimately lead to a more harmonious interaction of man and biosphere. In the future the agro-industrial cluster is seen as innovative and high-tech, capable of ensuring food and national security. 10.5862/JE.251.5 001.895: 338.436   INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT; DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES; AGRICULTURE; INTENSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION; POTENTIAL EFFECT OF INTRODUCTION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.5/ 05_aletdinova.pdf
RAR RUS 57-71 Radushinskii Dmitrii d.radoushinsky@gmail.com The impact of public-private partnerships on the development of communicative environment of innovative economy The paper examines the impact of public-private partnership on the economy growth factors associated with communications and the possibility of the existing PPP centers to run functions of communication centers. The study draws a model of public-private partnership system based on the background of causing one other economic growth factors that are related to the open communicative innovation economy. The model shows the appearance of axis «Communication» – «partnership» – «innovation» – «development» on the basis of a long-term relationship of trust within the PPP between the subjects of the state and business. This relationship enhance the mutual dependence of subjects and the intensity of the exchange of information and thus become, communication – active. As part of the bunch «communication» – «partnership» the features of the mutual initiative in PPP-projects and the essential nature of PPP are described. The characteristics and objectives of PPP development in Russia are examined on the background of analysis of partnership between the state and the private sector in a number of economies in the world. The medium and long term factors are revealed, preventing the increase of the level of involvement of private funds – both from domestic and foreign investors – in relation to public spending, and in relation to GDP. The importance of the international dimension of PPP development in Russia on the basis of the available Russian experience is pointed: concession agreements with foreign investors, are historically one of the key tools to attract foreign investment. It is concluded that in the view of innovative development of Russian economy the development of PPPs strategies should include orientation on the external international partners. An approach is suggested to the study of issues of coordination of the development of PPPs with long-term priorities of innovative development of the economy through the system of communication centers. An assessment of compliance is made of the functions ran by PPP centers operating today to the set of functions and features that are related to the concept of communication centers of innovation infrastructure. The study suggests a method of calculation of the integrated economic effect from the involvement of foreign partners into the joint activity on creation of an innovative product under the PPP. It was concluded that such an effect will be one of particular indicators of the effectiveness of communication in innovation, which arises due to the international nature of cooperation within PPP. 10.5862/JE.251.6 332.142, 332.145, 338.242.2, 339.138 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP; COMMUNICATION ACTIVE RELATIONSHIPS; COMMUNICATION CENTER OF THE INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE; INNOVATION SYSTEM; FOREIGN INVESTMENT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.6/ 06_radushinskiy.pdf
RAR RUS 72-82 Rusakova Tat'iana tatuana0310@rambler.ru Saychenko Olga deanoffice@igms.info The transforming monetary function of gold in the modern global currency system The process of gold demonetization fixed by the Jamaica Agreement is rather controversial, which has been confirmed by the 2008 financial crisis. This crisis can be considered a trigger for returning gold back to the world monetary system. With all these factors taken into account, it is necessary to review the status of gold in the modern currency system. That is why the subject of this paper is up-to-date and relevant to the current situation. The paper considers the modification of the gold’s function, on the one hand, as a way to sort out the problems in the world monetary system; on the other hand, as a response to new gold market trends. In order to validate this hypothesis, the authors conducted a retrospective analysis of all available world monetary systems, and characterized the gold market using the principles of the systemic analysis. As a result, the authors found out the key trends of the gold market development, the main factors that determine a pricing trend in the post-crisis period. Revealing such potential instruments of using gold in the system of international payments and lending relations as "digital gold currencies", loans secured by gold, "gold loans", deposit interests paid in gold, the authors made a conclusion that gold keeps its function as a legal tender. The practice of quoting gold in USD has allowed to assume that gold still indirectly implements the function of account unit. The changing behavior of countries that are the owners of the main gold reserves, which now have now become gold buyers, and the aspiration of China, Russia and other developing countries to reallocate the world gold reserves confirm a new role of gold as global money. Thus, gold under circumstances of ongoing demonetization has actually gained the status of the most important international reserve asset. The above-stated conclusion is also supported by the decisions taken by IMF and other international organizations to regulate the gold market and to assign a new status to gold in the banking sector. The strengthening monetary functions of gold in the world currency system has brought back discussions about returning to the gold standard. This paper focuses on the arguments in favor of this proposal, and the factors impeding this process in modern conditions. However, the monetary functions of gold in the world currency system should stay a topic for debate, because the results of the study can be used for searching for effective ways to improve the world monetary system in order to make it more stable in the highly volatile global economy. 10.5862/JE.251.7 339.98 gold world gold market gold price gold reserve gold market trends global currency system demand and supply monetary function of gold gold standard https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.7/
RAR RUS 83-94 Lukashevich Nikita lukashevich@kafedrapik.ru Garanin Dmitriy garanin@kafedrapik.ru Аnalytic decision support system for small business crediting The article develops the problem of credit process management and credit decisions support for small businesses. The official data on crediting and defaulted debt of small businesses is presented and analyzed. A higher growth rate of defaulted debt for small businesses indicates a lower efficiency of applied methods for credit risk assessment and management. For credit process management it is rational to apply (credit) decision support systems. The article systematized the specifics of small business crediting. The key feature is the high level of uncertainty in making credit decisions due to the frequent changes in the regulatory and legal information, a wide range of interpretation of the results of financial ratios analysis, incomplete information because of special (simplified) tax regimes. Taking into consideration specifics of small business crediting, the article proposes requirements for developing decision support systems and a group of tasks which are advisable to implement as system functions. The article systematizes the key decisions (tasks) to be taken at different stages of thr credit process for small businesses and contains a literature review of models and techniques developed and adapted to support decision-making on small business crediting. The majority of the models and techniques discussed in the study were designed or adapted for the Russian conditions and specifics of small business crediting. A composition of the major functional subsystems of the decision support system currently under development is proposed in the article. One of the distinguishing features of the decision support system is the application of hybrid techniques for adapting to both the expert-oriented credit departments and the departments focused on credit history information processing. 10.5862/JE.251.8 336.774 CREDITING; SMALL BUSINESS; CREDIT PROCESS; CREDIT RISK; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.8/ 08_lukashevich_garanin.pdf
RAR RUS 95-103 Yashin Sergey jashin@52.ru Trifonov Yuriy decanat@ef.unn.ru Koshelev Egor ekoshelev@yandex.ru The price of motivating corporate top managers using warrants In today’s economic environment, an important characteristic of top-echelon executives includes not only their qualification and business reputation but also their motivation for the company development. The majority of present-day investigators have come to a general consensus thatthe performance of the top management in a company must be objectively evaluated by the market, rather than by the subjective human factor (i.e., by the top managers themselves). While using warrants to evaluate the motivation of the top-managers is undoubtedly appealing, it is evident that this motivation, as any other, must have a certain value for the company, and needs to be pre-evaluated. Even though the due date for new warrants will occur in the far future, the market is even now revaluating corporate securities on the basis of future opportunities. The common-stock value is adjusted with allowance for anticipated dilution that results from exercising warrants. The Black–Scholes model is used in most cases in order to evaluate European options, since it provides a conservative, i.e., the lowest, option value. However, a model with dividends for a European-type warrant should be used for more realistic corporate business presentation. In such a case, the warrant and stock values can be theoretically adjusted until the warrant value has become equal to zero. The stock value, however, will significantly decrease as compared to the original market value. But in actual practice, markets ineffectually respond to issuing warrants by companies; therefore, the stock value declines in a minor way. We then recommend to decide upon the adjustment of the fair stock price which would be following the first specification of the fair warrant price. In this case, the price of motivating top managers using warrants is calculated through multiplying the magnitude of reduction in the stock value by the number of company shares in circulation. 10.5862/JE.251.9 336.647 TOP MANAGEMENT MOTIVATION; WARRANTS; BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL; BLACK–SCHOLES MODEL WITH DIVIDENDS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.9/ 09_yashin_trifonov_koshelev.pdf
RAR RUS 104-116 Tsatsulin Alaxander V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru
Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29
 Measuring the structural effects of cost inflation in industry The article describes the methodical aspect of constructing index schemes for analyzing complex structured phenomena of an economic nature based on Varzar’s ideology as two- or three-factor multipliers. The index method is widespread in branch-specific analytics, , in particular, in industrial branches of the real sector of the national economy. Using the group of price indices for measuring the dynamics of the actual production volumes, for analyzing the dynamics of purchase, wholesale, selling, contractual marketing, transfer and other prices and tariffs, for calculating the inflation during monitoring has been tested and has proved a trustworthy method; the theory behind the index method itself is well-developed in Russian statistical theory, which allows, in our opinion, to reliably measure the structural component of the inflationary spiral. It is studying the structure of cost inflation that is of special interest for academic economists in connection with searching for exit strategies from the protracted crisis. attribute factors. This article reveals for the first time a method for assessing the effect of cost inflation which forms the above-mentioned structural component, using as an example machinery manufacturing for two selected time periods and three specified attribute factors. For illustrating the construction of an index scheme, the paper presents visuals of the planar and the spatial procedures for analyzing the factor increments of the process of cost forming as an effect of combined changes, reflecting the structural features of the inflationary motion. he stages of the study conducted are provided with comprehensive commentary on the results of the analytical expansion of production costs with respect to its structure, unit costs and the prices of the purchased raw materials used. We believe that the advantages of the offered measurement technique are obvious. 10.5862/JE.251.10 519.3:621.56 INFLATIONARY PROCESS; INFLATION IN THE INDUSTRY; INFLATION OF EXPENSES AND EXPENSES; INDEX METHOD; ANALYTICAL INDEX; MULTIPLIER; SCHEME OF FACTORIAL ANALYSIS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.10/ 10_tsatsulin_babkin.pdf
RAR RUS 117-130 Shkurupskaya Irina irina.shkurupskaya@gmail.com Litovchenko Irina irinatigrovna@mail.ru Investigation of the influence of consumer behavior on the formation of integrated marketing communications This study is devoted to the theoretical and practical basis for creation of the integrated marketing communication (IMC) for enterprises at the B2B markets. Historical stages of integration of marketing communications, as well as the reasons for the transition to the IMC are considered. Analysis of multiple formulations revealed a trend in the development of the concept in the context of achieving the communicational, economic and social goals of the IMC. A main feature of the integrated marketing communications is a binary of their nature: combining channels and means of promotion – as exists in the real and in the virtual economy (due to Internet space). In our view, trends in the development of integrated marketing communications are identified. We have identified 15 motives acquisition of solar energy conversion equipment (as particular example of product in B2B market) to study their influence to the formation of integrated marketing communications. The objective structure of the purchasing reasons for recreational, agricultural and building segments of B2B-consumers in Ukraine was established on the basis of expert assessments. However, there are certain barriers to the willingness of consumers to current and future overpayments savings by using solar energy. The separation of the target audience on the scope of B2B and B2C allows arguments to rank the importance of various marketing activities within the IMC. 10.5862/JE.251.11 658.8.013 INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION; CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AT B2B MARKETS; PURCHASING MOTIVES AT THE MARKET OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS; UKRAINIAN SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKET https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.11/ 11_litovchenko_shkrupskaya.pdf
RAR RUS 131-139 Kremlyova Nataliia kremleva-n@yandex.ru Borisov Aleksandr Frolov Aleksandr fa@mh.vstu.edu.ru A creative model for graphical design of conversion processes in engineering business Innovation processes are a tool for quantitative and qualitative assessment and subsequent improvement of the efficiency of the engineering business. To accomplish this task, we have developed a creative graphical model based on the principle of converting the manufacturing capital into its money equivalent in the form of sales volume. The graphical interpretation of the closed operating cycle of conversion (OCC) in a manufacturing-technological system (MTS) is implemented in a triangle coordinate system including five cash flow vectors: sales volume; manufacturing capital; technological costs; net income; main funds (sum of tangible and intangible assets). The theoretical principles and the architecture of the parameters of the engineering business have been formulated on the basis of examining the OCC parametrical equation in a triangle coordinate system. We have obtained the following results: in a real engineering business the conversion criterion of an operating cycle (the relation of sales volume to manufacturing capital) is less than unity; in an ideal operating cycle this criterion is equal to unity, and exceeds unity in excise business. Accordingly, the net income in a real operating cycle is less than the technological costs, and they are equal in an ideal operating cycle, and the net income is more than the technological costs in excise business. The main funds of a manufacturing-technological system in a real operating cycle are more than the net income, they are equal in an ideal cycle, and the main funds of an MTS are less than the net income in excise engineering business. The task of innovating projects is to create the architecture for the parameters of operation cycle conversion in an MTS providing an increase in the investment attractiveness of engineering business on the stock market. 10.5862/JE.251.12 658.012.4 CONVERTING MANUFACTURING CAPITAL; CLOSED OPERATING CYCLE; CONVERSION CRITERION; CAPITALIZATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL COSTS; MAIN FUNDS MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF ENGINEERING BUSINESS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.61.12/ 12_kremleva_borisov_frolov.pdf