π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-18 Anand Adarsh adarsh.anand86@gmail.com Aggarwal Richie richie_aggarwal@yahoo.com Singh Ompal drompalsingh1@gmail.com Aggrawal Deepti deepti.aggrawal@gmail.com Understanding diffusion process in the context of product dis-adoption Diffusion theory is a well-accepted marketing concept that involves regular intervention of customers. But dealing with customers is a staggering task for managers and the challenge becomes stiffer in a dynamic market. It has been seen in the past how (by observing the adoption pattern of individuals) the aforesaid process has helped firms in dealing with innovation adoption. In the present article, we have emphasized the other part of the dichotomy of the adoption process, the dis-adoption, and have thereby formulated a diffusion process incorporating dis-adoption behavior of customers. Moreover, the dependency of imitators on the adoption behavior of innovators regarding the product/service provided by the firm has been highlighted. The proposed sets of models have been categorized on the basis of varying market structure using the exponential and linear market growth functions. Models have been validated and empirically analyzed on two real life sales data sets. Furthermore, a graphical presentation has been shown using ternary plot to see the relationship between the rate of adoption, the rate of dis-adoption and the rate at which new adopters are increasing the market. Our results indicate that the probability of potential discontinuers can be calculated explicitly; we have also discussed the role of previous adopters in contributing to the firm’s growth. 10.5862/JE.240.1 658.5 DIFFUSION; DIS-ADOPTION; DYNAMIC MARKET; INNOVATION; TERNARY PLOT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.1/ 01_adarsh_anand_richi_aggarval_ompal_singkh_dipti_aggarval.pdf

RAR RUS 19-30 Ushakova Svetlana altaxaris@yandex.ru Zharova Elena zharovaen@rambler.ru Fetisov Yury acooper2002@mail.ru The analysis of international and domestic experience of the regulation of the national intellectual capital The article describes different approaches to the definition of «intellectual capital» and examines its components, i. e. human capital and intellectual property. A comparative analysis of the various systems of state regulation of the intellectual capital management and the use of intellectual activity in the USA, Great Britain, China, Russia and other countries is conducted. * The study was sponsored by RFH in the framework of the Research project «Development of proposals to improve the efficiency of using the intellectual capital of Russia» (Project no. 15-02-00632). Special attention is paid to the analysis of universities as an important element of the national system of intellectual capital. In particular, brief characteristics of foreign and domestic systems of remuneration of the teaching staff are considered, which provoke the world discussions on the legality of the use of quantitative and expert assessments in the formation of this system, given the current trend towards the use of quantitative performance indicators. The data is given that now most countries prefer a decentralized system of higher education as more flexible and responsive (in spite of the fact that the process of decentralization brings both positive and negative effects). The most urgent problems of the domestic system of state management of human capital and RIA are stated such as geographical remoteness of the regions from the center, horizontal inequality in wages, low salary of researchers, lack in demand for the intellectual property, etc. A pictorial diagram of different kinds of taxation that promote the use of intellectual capital operating in different countries is based on the accumulated experience. The data on tax benefits, stimulating the domestic system of research and development at the federal and regional levels is classified. The analysis of the national system of tax benefits in the use of intellectual capital, the results of which confirm the gap between the scientific and industrial sectors has been carried out. The directions for the improvement of the national intellectual capital management system are outlined. 10.5862/JE.240.2 338.22 INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL; HUMAN CAPITAL; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; ACADEMIC AND TEACHING PERSONNEL https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.2/ 02_ushakova_zharova_fetisov.pdf

RAR RUS 31-44 Tsatsulin Alaxander Babkina Nina babkina_nina@mail.ru Can an unsteady banking system increase the stability of the Russian economy during a protracted crisis? The article deals with the stability of the domestic economy in the context of the main problems of the Russian banking system which developed in the period of transition to a market economy and after the 2008 economic crisis. The authors paid particular attention to the readjustment procedure for the authorized commercial banks in the mode of recovery of economic subjects of the market of banking products and services. This is because of the extraordinary role that the banking system under the control of a mega-regulator plays in the functioning of the institutional economy. The banking system, however, is currently demonstrating its own compression at an alarming rate. The authors are trying to obtain an understanding of the problems that are common to the withdrawal of the Russian industry from the recession and in particular to the recovery of the Russian banking system. As a result of their analysis, the authors also consider it necessary to preserve the competitive environment of banking products and services in the country. Law-abiding commercial banks experiencing temporary difficulties but operating in the market without serious violations should undergo a rehabilitation procedure without having their licenses revoked. 10.5862/JE.240.3 336.71.078.3 STABILITY OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS; BANKING SYSTEM; AUTHORIZED COMMERCIAL BANK; READJUSTMENT; MONETARY AGGREGATES; CREDIT RATE; RESISTANCE; WITHDRAWAL OF THE LICENSE; DISCOUNT; OBJECT OF PROPERTY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.3/ 03_tsatsulin_babkina.pdf

RAR RUS 45-50 Schislyaeva Elena ib.dep@igms.spbstu.ru Yur’eva Natalya The economic behavior of an entrepreneur The paper deals with economical, social and cultural context of business in present-day society. The economical aspect of business activity includes organizational and production innovations, as well as economical freedom. The personal aspect involves steady individual features which are manifested irrespective of specific production activities (intuition, aggressiveness, charisma). The paper examines the peculiarities of business functioning in Russia, identifies various pitfalls in the economical behavior typical for the national business culture and analyzes the key features of its entrepreneurship. Russian post-transformation economics fell into a trap of systemic crisis as previous institutes of social regulation had been destroyed. Cultural and moral values characterizing the former business relations lost their importance. Meanwhile the society spontaneously developed institutions that were using the interaction models previously regarded as unsuitable. Economic agents transformed into the business elite which has its own sources of power in present-day society, getting the opportunity to use some kind of independence within the political institutes nowadays. However, the methods it uses to support its social status reflect the systemic crisis that has struck the entire society and, in particular, its economic behavior. New economic agents have been able to succeed in an uncertain and aggressive business environment. Their achievements have nothing to do with professional competitiveness, but rather with the effective adaptation to an unfavorable social and economic situation. They have not adapted to the current market, but begun to work closely with the situation using «the time of troubles» for getting non-competitive advantages: compensating the lack of special skills with the activities bringing quick returns, indifferent to norms of law and ethics. The paper defines conditions required for the transition to the civilized ways of business activities, the rationally motivated choice of ethical code of conduct and the establishment of social mechanisms to correct the influence of market subjects’ subconscious motivation on the economical activity. 10.5862/JE.240.4 331 BUSINESS SPIRIT; ORGANISATIONAL AND PRODUCTION INNOVATION; INTUITION STRATEGY; IMPLICIT KNOWLEDG; SOCIAL PSYCH-ANALYSIS; SPECIFICITY; PARTICULARISM; DIFFUSENESS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.4/ 04_schislyaeva-yureva.pdf

RAR RUS 51-59 Skvortsova Inga ingavik@mail.ru Nurulin Yury yury.nurulin@gmail.com On developing territorial clusters within innovation systems The paper deals with economical, social and cultural context of business in present-day society. The economical aspect of business activity includes organizational and production innovations, as well as economical freedom. The personal aspect involves steady individual features which are manifested irrespective of specific production activities (intuition, aggressiveness, charisma). The paper examines the peculiarities of business functioning in Russia, identifies various pitfalls in the economical behavior typical for the national business culture and analyzes the key features of its entrepreneurship. Russian post-transformation economics fell into a trap of systemic crisis as previous institutes of social regulation had been destroyed. Cultural and moral values characterizing the former business relations lost their importance. Meanwhile the society spontaneously developed institutions that were using the interaction models previously regarded as unsuitable. Economic agents transformed into the business elite which has its own sources of power in present-day society, getting the opportunity to use some kind of independence within the political institutes nowadays. However, the methods it uses to support its social status reflect the systemic crisis that has struck the entire society and, in particular, its economic behavior. New economic agents have been able to succeed in an uncertain and aggressive business environment. Their achievements have nothing to do with professional competitiveness, but rather with the effective adaptation to an unfavorable social and economic situation. They have not adapted to the current market, but begun to work closely with the situation using «the time of troubles» for getting non-competitive advantages: compensating the lack of special skills with the activities bringing quick returns, indifferent to norms of law and ethics. The paper defines conditions required for the transition to the civilized ways of business activities, the rationally motivated choice of ethical code of conduct and the establishment of social mechanisms to correct the influence of market subjects’ subconscious motivation on the economical activity. 10.5862/JE.240.5 338.23 INNOVATION CLUSTER; INNOVATION SYSTEM; CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES; CLUSTER’S PROJECT; INNOVATION PROJECT' LIFE CYCLE https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.5/ 05_skvortsova_nurulin.pdf

RAR RUS 60-68 Ilyin Igor ilyin@fem.spbstu.ru Teslya Anna antes@list.ru Strategic business areas as a mechanism for coordinating stakeholder interests when managing a company’s project portfolio In modern conditions of high uncertainty of the external environment, companies face the task of having to develop different behavioral strategies for different market segments. The efficiency of the company’s performance in these conditions is largely determined by its effective interaction with stakeholders. In this connection, the tools for identifying the stakeholders play a major role in implementing projects. The organization of the company must be taken into account while developing a strategy and selecting ways of interacting with the stakeholders. Modern companies are becoming more project-oriented, so the problem of managing a project portfolio gains importance; a portfolio should ensure that the goals of the company are achieved throughout the implementation of the strategy in the selected strategic business areas. This paper proposes an approach to coordinating stakeholder interests while managing the company’s portfolio. It is demonstrated that in the modern conditions, the successful implementation of projects is largely determined by the effective interaction with the stakeholders of the company. Using strategic business areas is offered as an economic tool for identifying and classifying stakeholders. The concept of strategic business areas (SBAs) has been clarified in the paper. The projects adopted by the companies while implemented the selected strategies can serve as a tool for coordinating the interests of stakeholders in each of the SBAs. Including social investment projects into the portfolio as substantiated by the authors as one of the tools for coordinating stakeholders’ interests within the SBA. 10.5862/JE.240.6 330.65 STAKEHOLDERS; STRATEGIC AREAS OF MANAGEMENT; DESIGN-ORIENTED COMPANY; PROJECT; SOCIAL INVESTMENT; COORDINATION OF INTERESTS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.6/ 06_ilin_teslya.pdf

RAR RUS 69-79 Tikhomirov Anton antontikh@mail.ru Goriushkina Aleksandra sasha.goryushkina@gmail.com Evaluation of the intellectual capital of an international company 10.5862/JE.240.7 336.7 INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL; INTAGIBLE ASSETS; MARKET CAPITALIZATION; TOBIN’S q; COMPANY PERFORMANCE; COSTS CAPITALIZATION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.7/ 07_tikhomirov_goryushkina.pdf

RAR RUS 80-88 Zdol'nikova Svetlana s.v.muraveva@yandex.ru V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Integrated industrial structures as a tool for implementing the synergetic approach to forming the industrial policy In modern market conditions the creation of an effective national economy largely is provided by the system stimulating innovation and technological development of the industry, while the government is one of the most effective factors shaping the conditions of existence and the practical application of innovation in production and other spheres of society. This paper considers the integration of economic entities as a means of forming state industrial policy. The purpose of the study is to show the interconnection of integrated industrial structures (IIS) and implementation of the synergetic approach in shaping industrial policy: to substantiate the effects of industrial policy on the growing trend of the formation of IIS, on the one hand, and the impact of synergies from the creation of the IIS on the development of Russian industry, on the other hand. The authors used statistical methods to assess the impact of IIS activities on the level of innovative development of the national economy, as well as applied basic concepts of marginal analysis to identify the conditions of appearance of synergetic effect in the IIS. The study found that the use of the synergetic concept in the formation of industrial policy is justified and necessary at this stage of development of the national economy, and the IIS can be considered as a tool for the realization of the synergetic approach in shaping the industrial policy. In the future, detailed elaboration of the methodology for assessing the synergetic effect of the IIS will be required, as well as development of organizational-economic mechanism of management of innovative potential of IPS as an integral part of the innovative potential of Russian industry as a whole. 10.5862/JE.240.8 334.7 INTEGRATED INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE; INDUSTRIAL POLICY; SYNERGISTIC APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT; SYNERGIES; INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.8/ 08_zdolnikova_babkin.pdf

RAR RUS 89-97 0000-0003-2978-9757 Vologda State University Shichkov Aleksandr shichkov@vologda.ru

Lenina St.,15, Vologda, Russia, 160000

Kremlyova Nataliia kremleva-n@yandex.ru Borisov Aleksandr Designing the operation cycle of a manufacturing and technological system In order to manage innovating projects, he paper offers a method for estimating the degree by which a manufacturing and technological system (ECO – system) has been converted during the operation cycle into an economic system. The operation cycle of a manufacturing and technological system is seen as a circular integrated set of vectors of cash or cash equivalent flows arising as a result of converting technological processes into products in the form of technological stages or end products with market cost. The operation cycle consists of two contours formed by five vectors of cash equivalent flows. The first contour is a right-angled triangle of vectors that is formed by: the vector of direct technological operation costs, the vector of tangible and intangible assets and their summation being the vector of manufacturing capital. The second contour is also a right-angled triangle of vectors formed by: the vector of direct technological operation costs, the vector of net income and their summation being the vector of sales value. The modules and directions of all vectors are variables. The level of converting technological processes into money equivalent flows has been offered to estimate by the conversion coefficients. The ideal manufacturing and technological system has some upper limits of the conversion coefficients of the operation cycle. Namely, the vector of sales value divided by the vector of a manufacturing capital and the vector of tangible and intangible assets divided by the net income vector are equal to one. The graphical interpretation of an ideal operation cycle is an equilateral triangle. In the operation cycle of a real manufacturing and technological system the conversion coefficients are less than one. Every criterion in this integrated set may change simultaneously when any innovation is implemented in a manufacturing and technological system. 10.5862/JE.240.9 658.5.012.1.001.76 IDEAL (REAL) OPERATION CYCLE; VECTOR FIELD OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL (LIABILITIES; ASSETS); CONVERSION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES; MANUFACTURING AND TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM; VECTORS OF CASH EQUIVALENT FLOWS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.9/ 09_shichkov_kremleva.pdf

RAR RUS 98-105 Belova Tat'iana k.t.a.1991.1991@mail.ru Bahitova Railia bakhitovarh@mail.ru Lackman Irina lackmania@mail.ru Dynamic model of diagnosis and forecasting of economy in the city of Ufa The paper presents the results of building a model for diagnosing and forecasting the economic activities in the city of Ufa. This study was performed as the analytical support for creating an economic development strategy in a metropolitan city. The novelty of the approach is in the detailed analysis of the city-level indicators of the development of economic activity. This allows to identify the problems in the development of the social and economic spheres. A vector autoregression model which takes into account the correlations between the main macroeconomic indicators was chosen as a tool for diagnosing the economy. . A preliminary statistical data analysis was done and cause-effect relations were determined in the article. Vector autoregression models were made for the following branches of the city economy: industrial production, construction, wholesale and retail trade, transport and communication. The represented types of economic activities hold the main economic potential of the metropolitan city. The modeling period covers the period from the 1st quarter of 2009 till the 3rd quarter of 2014. As a result of this study we managed to determine the competitive advantages and specific problems of the economic system in the metropolitan city, analyze the basic factors and actions for overcoming adverse trends in the future. The obtained information could be useful for public authorities to solve problems connected with enhancing the welfare of the population, improving the living standards of citizens, developing the infrastructure, contributing to the effective prosperity of the social and economic spheres of the city, developing a competitive economy, expanding the external economic relations. 10.5862/JE.240.10 338.27 ECONOMETRIC MODELING; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION MODEL; FORECASTING; ECONOMIC SECTORS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.10/ 10_belova_bakhitova_lakman.pdf

RAR RUS 106-112 Naidenysheva Ekaterina kate.naiden@gmail.com The improvement of the private companies' selection procedure for creation a public-private partnerships As a result of studying the selection procedures (request for valuation, request for proposals, auction, tender) of private companies for creating public-private partnerships, some shortcomings of their work were identified. Firstly, only one company becomes a winner as a result of the selection, and the other applicants are excluded from participation in the partnership. Secondly, only financial characteristics of the companies that are potential participants are analyzed, some important factors of the legal and professional nature are not considered. The purpose of the article is to offer a procedure for preliminary and main selection (improve the existing procedure). It should be noted that we examine the development projects of social infrastructure, so the selection of companies is specific for the field assets: land, buildings, money. The pre-selection procedure is based on the analysis of legal and professional factors. The main selection procedure is based on the quantitative data of the assets of the company and forms partnerships of the companies whose assets are complementary to each other (the arguments of such sets of assets of the companies are listed in the first part of the work). In contrast with the existing selection procedure, the public-private partnership with the participation of several private companies can be identified as a result of improved selection procedure. This procedure can also create several public-private partnerships. The construction procedure of public-private partnerships is described using graph theory – coloring of vertices and edges of a graph according to certain rules. At the end of the article, there is a remark that the proposed procedure produces a result that is no less and in some cases even more effective than the current ones. 10.5862/JE.240.11 330.42:519.17 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP; ALLIANCE; SELECTION ALGORITHM; SELECTION PROCEDURE; GRAPH THEORY https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.58.11/ 11_naydenysheva.pdf