2782-6015 1 235 2016

RAR RUS 9-29 V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Novikov Alexander Cluster as a subject of economy: essence, current state, development In work it is shown that the category «cluster» was strongly enshrined in modern scientific and practical activities of Russia. Moreover, the resistant tendency of the subsequent development of the relevant legislation is observed. However due to the lack of accurate scientific and legal study of essence and signs of clusters lack of uniformity in their standard maintenance is observed. It is noted that being complex and capacious concept, «cluster» is defined by various scientists-researchers as: geographically close groups of companies specializing on production of similar products or rendering services; geographically close group of the interconnected industries; networks of the enterprises and organizations and the related institutions within geographical boundaries; groups of companies, using identical production technologies and connected with other groups of firms on the basis of technology. Special relevance to this problem is given by that fact that budgets of various levels allocate considerable financing for creation and development of clusters. Therefore, need of formation of bigger definiteness for understanding of known category is dictated not only theoretical interests, but also the purpose to exclude possibility of an inefficient expenditure of budgetary funds.  It is noted that the name of cluster initiatives was steadily assigned to actions for activation and development of a cluster in literature. A cluster initiative – set of actions, programs, the projects aimed at development of this or that cluster (clusters). It is shown that the clustering of economy allows to create a complex view of a state policy of regional development, to increase productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of business, to expand opportunities for innovative development, to optimize interaction between various subjects of economic development of the region: state, large and small business, scientific and educational community and public; to increase quality of life of the population.  Authors stated cluster initiatives of regional development of economy and results of the analysis of cluster development of regions of Russia and cluster structure of economy of St. Petersburg are presented. Besides, institutes and instruments of support and development of cluster initiatives in Russia are considered. 10.5862/JE.235.1 519.23:621.2 CLUSTER; INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER; CLASSIFICATION; CLUSTER ECONOMY; CLUSTER POLICY; INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY; REGULATORY BASE; TOOLS. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.1/ babkin_novikov.pdf

RAR RUS 30-37 Sologubova Galina en-consalt@mail.ru Refinement of the concepts «economic cluster» and «cluster economy». The problem of meanings Developing a methodological approach to the definition of the conceptual construct «cluster economy» is extremely important. The meaning of this scientific term represents packed knowledge, experience of the previous studies and searches. Substitution of meaning is a substitution of knowledge. Attempts to define a cluster as an organizational form of economic agents lead to numerous administrative delusions, unpromising expenses on programs of regional cluster development and all-round disappointment. The cluster is not a form, not a format; it is a set of uniform objects, images, communications. Translating the mathematical concept of a cluster into economical terms allows defining a cluster as an active business environment which is formed on the basis of measures of proximity (similarity) of agents of the economic relations. Clustering simplifies generalizing. Clustering in economy reduces transactional expenses. Efforts to clustering the economy «from above» cannot be productive by definition. Clustering in economy is the process «from below» based on development of specialization and comparative advantages of the multitude of agents - entrepreneurs. Clustering of economy, i.e., of business connections, economic relations, agents of the market, is the stage of concentrations of similar entities that correspond to the level of organizational and technological development of the business environment. It is obvious that the stage of the life cycle and the organizational structure are not the same. The consequence of economic systems concentration is the consolidation of elements in the strategic analysis, which simplifies the decision-making scheme, but not the solution. Development of a conceptual framework in the cluster economy theory opens new horizons for researchers, determines the motion vector satisfying the universal principles, allows to use the achievements of scientific thought for designing the future. 10.5862/JE.235.2 338:332.12 ORGANIZATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; CLUSTER; CLUSTERING ECONOMY; MEASURE OF PROXIMITY; HYPOTHESIS OF COMPACTNESS; GRAPHIC ORGANIZATION SENSES AND OBJECTS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.2/ sologubova.pdf

RAR RUS 38-46 Ilinskaya Еlena vera@aanet.ru The influence of the cluster economy on accelerating the generation and transfer of innovations The article details the positive effects of cluster economy. The economies of scale caused by an innovation kernel, required for generating and transferring innovations, present in a cluster economy are described. It is noted that the economies of scale typical for cluster economy do not negate the competition inside the cluster which in itself is the driving force behind its development. We considered the possibility of contributing to a synergistic effect of clustering. The article examines the theoretical aspects of cluster economy and shows the relationship of the concept of «cluster economy» with the «systems theory». We clarified the relationship of concepts such as conjugation, ingression and egression, assimilation and dissimilation, and of the term «cluster economy». It is noted that an important place in uncovering structural relationships in the systems of cluster economy is in the tectological statement on ingression and egression. We marked the necessity of studying the processes of generation and transfer of innovations within the framework of the synergetic concept from the position of nonlinear dynamics. Attention is drawn to the processes of self-organization and self-development. In the article, attention was focused on the principle of feedback, which is the basis of self-regulation and adaptation to external and internal challenges. We characterized the trigger effect of cluster economy that creates an opportunity to move the system to a new state. A diagram of the quantitative-qualitative transitions to a new phase of development. On the basis of cluster analysis we identified the key factors contributing to the innovative potential of the network structure and the influence of the cluster economy on the generation and transfer of innovation. Due to the inherent cluster economy effect of the coverage of the communication network, a cluster in the economy creates favorable conditions for the fast transfer of innovations and their commercialization. 10.5862/JE.235.3 332.012 CLUSTER ECONOMICS; SYNERGETIC AND TRIGGER EFFECTS; DYNAMICAL SYSTEM; SELF-DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-REGULATION SYSTEMS; CLUSTER ANALYSIS AND THE POTENTIAL OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS; CREATIVITY GENERATION AND TRANSFER OF INNOVATION. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.3/ ilinskaya.pdf

RAR RUS 47-57 Nikolaev Mikhail fef-sp.ucoz.ru Makhotaeva Marina makhotaeva@mail.ru Inter-regional clusters as a tool for economic development of territories The slowdown in the economic growth in 2013–2014 and the transition to the recession phase in 2015 makes the problem of analyzing the causes of the deterioration in the economic dynamics and the determination of the economic growth positions relevant. The paper systematizes the views on the problems of the Russian economic development. The major problems include: exhaustion of the restorative model of the economy and modernization potential of the old productive capacities, low competitiveness of the domestic manufacturing industry, the low quality of the institutional environment as well as some territorial issues. This study examines the territorial problems of economic growth. The regions of the Northwestern Federal District are the object of the study, and the subject is the dynamics of socio-economic processes in these regions. The methods such as comprehensive analysis of the statistics, correlation analysis, comparative analysis of different theoretical concepts, classification of the research results were used in the study. The research reveals a significant influence of the factor of the increasing number of the people employed in the economy on the regional economy development. The possibilities of this factor are now largely depleted. Besides, the development of the manufacturing sector is a significant factor in the economic growth of the federal subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, which is to say that manufacturing is the growth pole of regional economies. Over the last years, the negative dynamics of the industry has been caused by its low technological level as well as by the lack of the desired level of cross-sectoral and inter-regional cooperation. Developing clusters, including inter-regional ones, needs to be considered as one of the areas of improving the development dynamics of the manufacturing industry. The implementation of this growth area requires a detailed study of territorial resources, and this resource-sharing will allow to implement the synergy effect and thereby ensure high economic efficiency. 10.5862/JE.235.4 332-02 INTERREGIONAL COOPERATION; MANUFACTURING; CLUSTERS; INVESTMENT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; INNOVATION https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.4/ nikolaev_makhotaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 58-66 Shamina Lubov lkshamina@rambler.ru Makar Svetlana svetwn@mail.ru Kashin Vladimir kvksputnik@yandex.ru Cluster-oriented approach in the formulation and implementation of the development potential of a region The paper examines the priority of the cluster approach in the formulation and implementation of the development potential of the Pskov region. The authors proved the viewpoint that the cluster approach should be regarded as the optimal method of organization (reorganization) of the regional space from the as it reflects the relationships and the combinations of the natural and economic spatial structures that contribute to maintaining the stability of the regional economy and regional development. The peculiarities of the Northwestern Federal District are examined. It is indicated that the Northwestern Federal District has a special place in the economy of the Russian Federation. This is due primarily to the special geographical position of the Federal District. According to the studies carried out at the expense of budget funds for state task of the Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation in 2015 on the topic: «Analysis of the status and evaluation of the development potential of the Northwestern Federal District», the Pskov region is experiencing the most difficulties with the implementation of its development potential. The problem of finding internal reserves and the potential for regional development is particularly relevant now, when the introduction of sanctions against the country catalyzes the implementation of national scientific and technological achievements, stimulates innovative development of the regions in the realities of the innovation imperative and, therefore, contributes to the development potential of the region. The authors interpret the concept of the development potential of the region and consider it as a complex system which consists, first, of the existing resources in the region, and, secondly, of the possibilities of improving their quality. The article presents a system of constraints and opportunities for the use of the cluster-oriented approach with regard to the application of the cluster symbiosis model for the forest industry in the region. 10.5862/JE.235.5 332.1 CLUSTER; MODEL «CLUSTER SYMBIOSIS;» CLUSTER-ORIENTED STRATEGY; THE SUBJECTS OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT; THE REGIONAL CLUSTER SYSTEM. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.5/ shamina_makar_kashin.pdf

RAR RUS 67-74 Sokolova Anna annasokolova@bk.ru Directions of increase of megapolis competitiveness on the basis of cluster approach (based on St. Petersburg as an example) 10.5862/JE.235.6 338.242.2 INNOVATION ACTIVITY; KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY; INDUSTRIAL POLICY; CLUSTER APPROACH; MEGAPOLIS; COMPETITIVENESS. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.6/ sokolova.pdf

RAR RUS 75-85 56502340400 0000-0002-1685-2625 Russian State University for the Humanities Vertakova Yulia vertakova@rambler.ru

Miusskaya sq. 6, Moscow, 125047, Russia

Polozhentseva Iuliia polojenceva84@mail.ru Clustering algorithm of regional economic space The article presents a clustering algorithm designed by the authors for clustering the regional space and managing the development of the cluster, including the main stages of identifying and managing the cluster structure, which allows to determine the priorities for the development of cluster policy and encourage the effective implementation of the competitive advantages of the territory. It is shown that the use of the cluster approach is gaining importance, since it is based on proactive stimulation of propulsive sectors, the creation of cluster-based «growth poles» in the economy of the region, which should be the main method of progressive structural transformation of regional socio-economic systems. Cluster policy should be aimed at creating and stimulating propulsive sectors, as well as replicating clustered franchising to enhance localized competitive advantages of the economy and concentration of investment resources in a particular area. We formed an algorithm for creating clusters of regional space and managing cluster development with the goal of identifying competitive advantages and prerequisites for cluster formation in the region, substantiating the priority directions of development of clusters with the priorities of the regional socio-economic policies and objectives of the state, forming and implementing the cluster policy, taking into account the specifics of the spatial structure of the regional economy and strategic orientations of the regional development, the coordination of the objectives of cluster policy development with the strategic targets of regional development and economic and organizational possibilities of different entities participating in the cluster. Thus, the implementation of all stages of the proposed clustering algorithm of regional space will facilitate the allocation of the priority directions of regional development, focusing on propulsion industries connected to investment programs necessary for implementation, which allowed to form the main directions of development of the incentive mechanism of the state promotion of the cluster policy. 10.5862/JE.235.7 338.242.2 CLUSTER; CLUSTERING; METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CLUSTERS; CLUSTER POLICY; ALGORITHMS; MANAGEMENT PROCESSES OF CLUSTERING. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.7/ vertakova_polozhentseva.pdf

RAR RUS 86-99 Skvortsov Evgenii awe15@yandex.ru Gus'kova Nadezhda econauka@yandex.ru The analysis of organizational structures of systems for managing innovative industrial clusters in Russia In a modern economy clusters are the most promising form of integrating all types of resources: intellectual, material, financial, which provides competitive advantages to all participants of a cluster who complemen each other by knowledge, skills, and professional competences. Clustering is one of the most important preconditions for innovative activity in a region, increasing its competitiveness. Flexible control and the presence of many indirect connections can significantly enhance the innovation processes in the region. Creating innovation clusters in Russia is not so fast as in the developed countries such as USA, Japan, or Sweden, Germany, Austria, France and other EU countries.. Therefore, many aspects of their formation in the Russian regions require generalizations, detailed analysis and identifying the issues that will enhance the effectiveness of innovation clusters. This article attempts to analyze the existing systems of managing innovative regional clusters. It was determined that there are two main types of management structures of innovation clusters in Russia. One of them is based on creating the Board of a cluster, the second on establishing a center of cluster development in the region. The strengths and weaknesses of these types of controls, as well as of the mixed types of governaningstructures were also revealed. All this has allowed to identify the problems associated with using various systems of management of innovative territorial clusters in Russia, solving which will improve the efficiency of these clusters and thus the competitiveness of the Russian regions. 10.5862/JE.235.8 338.244.44 CLUSTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM; INNOVATION ACTIVITY; INNOVATION CLUSTERS; CLUSTER MANAGEMENT COMPANY; CENTER OF CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT; MANAGMENT STRUCTURE; MANAGEMENT. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.8/ skvortsov_guskova.pdf

RAR RUS 100-109 Shiro Mariia orishmary@gmail.com The model of interacting of the factors of an innovation cluster for the commercialization of research and development In the face of increasing global competition, accelerating technological progress, the imposition of sanctions on the part of developed countries, the the innovation process, its speed, depth and volume become the determining factors of economic development of Russia. Keeping pace of economic growth, especially in today's environment, is a complex multi-level task related to all the main spheres of social life. One of the main solutions to this problem is the concept of clustering of regional economies and the development of their innovative orientation. A number of regions have already successfully implemented this initiative, while the majority are just beginning to form innovative regional clusters based on the integration of domestic scientific developments in the real economy. So far, Russia has not yet formed effective organizational and economic mechanisms of converting scientific and technological developments into innovative products, which reduces the possibility of modernization transformation of the regional economy. In this context, there is an urgent need to develop a mechanism of interaction between scientific, educational and economic centers of the region, starting immediately with the creation of an intellectual product in the form of new ideas, concepts, technologies, methods and ending with the release of the product on the market. This mechanism should be based on the historically established, and potential social relations. Construction of appropriate social relations is a prerequisite in the process of commercialization of scientific and technical developments, as one of the most difficult phases of the innovation cluster is an effective and mutually beneficial cooperation of the founders of scientific and technical developments, the business community of the region and enterprises in the region, which complicates the process of integration of the performance of scientific and educational organizations in the real economy. The planar model of interaction between the actors of the territorial cluster considered in the paper allows to accurately analyze the variation needed for effective commercialization of social relations. 10.5862/JE.235.9 332.1 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT; REGIONAL CLUSTERS; THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL NETWORKS https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.9/ shiro.pdf

RAR RUS 110-115 Jiang Jinke econa@admin.tstu.ru Tolstosheina Valeria zlobinanv@bk.ru Organizational and economic mechanism of increasing the competitiveness of the organization The article proposes an organizational and economic mechanism of ensuring the competitiveness of an enterprise, which allows to combine various spheres and objects of administrative activity of this enterprise and to integrate them into a unified quality management system. Industry and international standards engendering anobjective need for developming partnerships for producing goodsfrom the viewpoint of consumer interest play a key role in this case. It is revealed that the intensification of economic growth observed now is connected not so much with the quantitative parameters of the known factors of social production but instead with the deep qualitative transformations of the modern micro- and macrosocial and economic systems: high dynamics of development of the technical and technological basis; formation of more effective types of organizational and economic structures; basic changes in understanding the place and the role of an individual in the social production system; formation of new paradigms of economic activity adequate to the modern requirements of quantitative economic growth.. 10.5862/JE.235.10 336.71 QUALITY; COMPETITIVENESS; ORGANIZATION; MECHANISM; MENAGEMENT. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.10/ tszyan_tszinke_tolstosheina_.pdf

RAR RUS 116-125 Filinov Nikolai nfilinov@hse.ru Kuskova Valentina vkuskova@hse.ru Two approaches to clustering production facilities with the use of data envelopment analysis Initially proposed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes as a method for comparative efficiency assessment, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) eventually got an alternative use. Researchers suggested ways to use it to group (cluster) objects not by the level of their efficiency, but by other parameters, which, from the computational point of view, were secondary results of applying DEA determining the mode used by the object to gain efficiency. The need for such an approach is dictated by two research objectives in strategic management, requiring clustering companies as objects of analysis. First, as companies follow different lines of behavior, finding stable patterns of their actions, and explaining and predicting their behavior is possible only when companies are broken into homogeneous groups. Second, comparative assessment of companies’ success is also possible only within homogeneous groups, because changes in such indicators as unit costs, market share, sales per employee and other similar measures may be assessed quite differently depending on whether the company in question is aspiring to gain the wide market through cost leadership or is following an alternative pathway. Authors undertake a comparative analysis of the two approaches to clustering production facilities based on DEA results. Po, Guh and Yang suggested combining in the same cluster objects with the same production function, when isoquants are determined by the production probability area. Alternative methods based on application of standard clustering procedures to DEA results have been proposed by Kao and Hung, and later by Volkova, Filinov, Titova, Kuskova, Gorny and Nikolaeva. Theoretical analysis and computational experiments show that both approaches (based on finding the edges of the production probability area and based on application of standard clustering procedures to DEA results) yield similar results under certain circumstances but differ in the opportunities offered to the researcher in substantive interpreting of the groups created and performing alternative calculations with the changing number of clusters (groups). 10.5862/JE.235.11 338.001.36 CLUSTER CLUSTERING; INDUSTRIAL; INSTRUMENTATION; EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS; DATA ANALYSIS METHOD SHELL; CLUSTER ANALYSIS. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.11/ filinov_kuskova.pdf

RAR RUS 126-133 Kuznetsov Sergei s.kuznetsov09@yandex.ru Mezhevich Nikolai s.kuznetsov09@yandex.ru Industry of Russia: external factors of internal modernization The article discusses the transformation of the international economic order that takes place under the influence of globalization, which has a significant impact on the geo-economic position of the Russian Federation. Russia's WTO accession involves its inclusion in the international division of labor, but an incomplete period of reform and transition to market economy forces to concentrate on the problems of the domestic economic and political space. The authors analyze the conditions of modernization of the Russian economy, primarily focusing on industrial policy, pointing to its systemic importance as an institution that provides a dynamic development of the country, the growth of the welfare of its citizens and ensures the competitiveness of domestic producers. The key issue of industrial policy according to the authors is to determine the mechanisms of state support of industrial enterprises. Necessary measures include institutional restructuring of enterprises, their privatization, bankruptcy mechanisms, programs of small business development and others. Measures to regulate foreign direct investment are an important instrument of industrial policy. The main purpose of industrial policy is to provide the lift of industry by improving the efficiency and competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. The article examines the experience of the industrial development of the United States and the European Union which accounts for about one third of the world’s industrial output, but is also characterized by the aging and the crisis of traditional industries such as the steel and textile industries in recent decades. Authors made a conclusion of the feasibility of using the experience of Germany to implement the policy of preserving and creating jobs in the industry. The agreement with the trade unions about curbing the growth of wages in exchange for keeping jobs locally and reform of the social system significantly strengthen the competitiveness of German industry. 10.5862/JE.235.12 338.45.001.76 GLOBALIZATION; MODERNIZATION; INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR; INDUSTRIAL POLICY; INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.12/ kuznetsov_mezhevich.pdf

RAR RUS 134-146 M-5500-2013 55982236800 0000-0003-4513-9201 Safiullin Azat safiullin.ar@gmail.com

Kremlyovskaya St.,18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008

Kotenkova Svetlana svetlanakotenkova@yandex.ru Novenkova Aida followaida@gmail.com Role of the industrial policy in the conditions of intensive development of competitive advantages of a territory The financial crisis of 2014–2015 accompanied by unfavorable market conditions, increased foreign policy risks, the devaluation of the national currency, the extension of the food embargo, and the reduced availability of debt financing has a significant impact on the sources of competitive advantages of the domestic industry. During the crisis, the external factors of competitiveness, due to the extensive growth of industrial production, are replaced by internal reserves obtained by optimizing the business processes and improving the quality of business systems. In these circumstances, preparing a complex of pre-emptive anti-crisis measures that are an adequate response to the emerging threats and possible consequences leads to a natural reinterpretation of the existing scientific paradigms and positions of the competitiveness theory. The goal of this study was developing an methodology of the industrial policy of a territory based on studying the competitive positions by type of economic activity, determining the relevant economic activities and diagnosing their competitive advantages. Implementating the industrial policy is accompanied by a search for a compromise between the social and the economic efficiency of measures to improve the competitiveness of industries and territories. An important issue in the selective industrial policy is substantiating the priority (target) industries that could potentially serve as a source of the imperative strategic advantages of a territory. Assessing efficiency of the process of controlling the competitive advantages is a rather complex methodological problem, since the implementation of management actions is accompanied by receiving indirect and related results that need to be additionally taken into account and assessed. This applies above all to the problem of industrial policy based on the structural modernization of the economic complex, which implies a qualitative change in the industrial structure and entails preparing the production factors and infrastructural support. Such decisions often lead to unintended social reactions; it is not always possible to predict the consequence of these reaction due to a lack of a sound theoretical basis and reliable methodological tools. The article used the experience and knowledge gained through a series of projects related to assessing the efficiency of the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2005–2011. Considering these approaches, as well as the obtained interrelations between the structural and the competition policies, the authors proposed to consider the industrial policy as a system of measures aimed at developing the core competitive advantages of the priority economic activities ensuring the growth of the competitiveness of the territory. The most important task of this policy is preserving and promoting the competitive mechanisms in the areas where they contribute to the more effective implementation of the planned measures. This definition reflects the systemic, the targeted, the structural, and the competitive nature of the state industrial policy. 10.5862/JE.235.13 338.23 STRUCTURAL POLICY; REGIONAL POLICY; COMPETITIVE POLICY; REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS; COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF TERRITORIES https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.13/ safiullin_kotenkova_novenkova.pdf

RAR RUS 147-157 Moshkov Andrey Zherebov Egor Zdol'nikova Svetlana s.v.muraveva@yandex.ru Methods and approaches of forming the state industrial policy The defining modern vector of global development is focused on the widespread transition to an innovative economy. In Russia there was a consensus of government, business and society about gradually moving from a commodity-based economy to an innovative orientation while maintaining the benefits of the fuel and energy sector. At the same time, the specific mechanisms for such a transition are not yet sufficiently clear, and the theoretical, methodological and instrumental framework of the transformation of the economy has not been developed, especially in the long-term period in what concerns the formation of theoretical and methodological bases of planning the development of the national economy and its constituent economic systems. One of the decisive factors of the planned transition is the development of the concept of forming a strategy for the scientifically justified industrial development based on the methodology of cluster economy in combination with elements of the program target of indicative planning and budgeting, as well as the formation of strategic innovation-industrial complexes. It is also necessary to consider the aspects of establishing national and regional innovation systems using the approaches to managing the innovative potential of economic systems and state management of the scientific-industrial-educational complex with the use of elements and principles of the public-private partnership (PPP). The authors note that for developing the innovative economy in Russia, it is necessary to form and substantiate an effective public policy for reindustrialization of the industry in the context of globalization, to transform the structure of the national economy, to introduce high-tech industries and innovative enterprises taking into account the processes of import substitution and the unstable dynamically developing environment, with the aim of raising the competitiveness level of the industries and, on this basis, increasing the level of innovative potential and socio-economic development of regions of Russia. The authors highlight the tasks of industrial policy, which are: encouraging the technological modernization of industrial enterprises in the country, modernization of fixed assets; creating the conditions for realization of the results of intellectual activity in the industrial enterprises, expanding the production of innovative products; developing not only production but also the innovation potential of industrial enterprises, clusters and the integrated industrial structures of the country; increasing the share of production with high added in-country value, supporting export of such products. It is noted in the paper that for the formation and implementation of state industrial policy, a variety of methods and approaches are used, the analysis of which is presented in the work. 10.5862/JE.235.14 319.2:621.19 GLOBALIZATION; INNOVATIVE ECONOMY; INDUSTRY; INDUSTRIAL POLICY; CLUSTER; CLUSTER APPROACH; RESTRUCTURING; METHODS; APPROACHES https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.14/ moshkov_zherebov_zdolnikova.pdf

RAR RUS 158-166 Krasnyuk Ludmila liudmila8998@yandex.ru Diagnosis of stages of economic development and the formation of the paradigm of neoindustrialization of the Russian industry Transformation of industrial policy in the conditions of modernization require a new paradigm and the substantiation for the imperatives of its development. The analysis of the current paradigm of industrial policy revealed a lag in the development of the industrial policy, as well as an asymmetry between the needs of the industry and the strategic potential. The formation and development of the neo-industrialization paradigm due to the necessity of an effective mechanism for managing the development processes of the Russian industry by finding adequate resources to meet the modern requirements on the basis of vertical integration. The main purpose of industrial policy in the conditions of neo-industrialization is the growth of socio-economic development; organization of expanded reproduction, the production of competitive domestic products; increase of the share of Russian products on the world market. Achieving this goal will allow Russia to overcome the economic lag from the leading countries of the world that attained the neo-industrial level. The priority tasks of neo-industrialization of the Russian economy are the rise and development of Russian industry and science, as well as the improvement of legislation, executive infrastructure, resource provision and the formation of an active unifying position of the civil society to achieve this goal. The process of the formation of innovative economy and the development of the industry revealed the areas of the formation of the industrial policy of Russia which was characteristic of the industrial nature of the development. Neo-industrialization of the Russian economy suggests selective regulation of the economy with the indispensable active participation of the civil society, in accordance with sound industrial state policy. Based on the paradigm of neo-industrialization, the author formulated the main imperatives of the postindustrial transformation of the Russian industry. 10.5862/JE.235.15 338, 658 INDUSTRY; TRANSFORMATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION; PARADIGM OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY; MANAGEMENT OF USER PROCESSES OF RUSSIAN INDUSTRY; NEO-INDUSTRIALIZATION PARADIGM https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.15/ krasnyuk.pdf

RAR RUS 167-181 Tsatsulin Alaxander Tsatsulin Boris tsatsan@yandex.ru The innovativeness of a cluster or import substitution: the priorities of developing the branch economy (on an example of the pharmaceutical industry) The authors analyze the complex problems associated with the formation of regional industrial clusters of the truly innovative type, with the introduction of the public-private partnership scheme into the activities of the real economy, with the revival of the national medical industry, and, in particular, the pharmaceutical industry. Solving these problems, according to the authors, would provide a procedure for substituting foreign drugs with quality Russian pharmaceutical production, which is currently one of the most important problems facing the society and the state. The information described demonstrates the relevance of the issues raised in the article. The authors consider the pharmaceutical cluster of St. Petersburg, the activities of the participants of these relatively newly-formed territorial units, analyze the innovative activity of a number of existing companies producing both generic and original commercial products with innovative features. To identify innovative leaders in the cluster, we used a multidimensional comparative analysis technique. The paper contains the conclusions reached and some proposals. 10.5862/JE.235.16 332.12 REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS; INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY; PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS; SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE; IMPORT SUBSTITUTION; DRUG; PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY; PURCHASES OF IMPORTED DRUGS. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.16/ tsatsulin_an_tsatsulin_ba.pdf

RAR RUS 182-191 Karsuntseva Ol'ga olja989@bk.ru Target priorities and reference points of the state program of import substitution in mechanical engineering The article is dedicated to detecting the features and the priority directions of implementing a comprehensive state program of import substitution in the mechanical engineering industry of the Russian Federation.  Based on the analysis of statistical data on the state of the productive capacity of the machine-building complex of the Russian Federation, the author found that there are necessary conditions and possibilities for solving complex problems of modernization and ensuring the rapid development of the domestic engineering industry in the Russian economy. It is proved that implementing these goals should be based on an effective state program of import substitution corresponding to the modern conditions and capable of ensuring the integrity and diversity of the process of transformation.  The need for using program and target methods is defined by the state importance of the problem of ensuring the intensive and advancing development of the domestic engineering industry, the existence of an urgent need for a solution of the considered problem by system strategic methods within a uniform plan, a need for expeditious development and taking measures aimed at improving the legislation of the Russian Federation in the spheres of industry, customs and tariffs, fiscal, social, and educational policies taking into account the time  aspect; receiving social and economic effect.  The purpose of a comprehensive state program of import substitution in mechanical engineering is proved, the conditions for its successful implementation and the expected results are determined. 10.5862/JE.235.17 338.45.01 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; STATE PROGRAM; IMPORT SUBSTITUTION; PROGRAM AND TARGET METHODS; PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP; INVESTMENTS; INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT; SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2016.57.17/ karsuntseva.pdf