2782-6015 6 233 2015

RAR RUS 9-16 Kolobova Elena kolobova@ieie.nsc.ru Kolobov Anatolii kolobova@ieie.nsc.ru The development of economic operators as self-organization entities (version of the applied theory) The topic of the research is relevant, since the continuous search for effective systems and management instruments is a necessary condition for any economic operator to compete and develop. All successful companies in the world grow in this direction. The studies they carried out could be regarded as applied concepts of management theory producing tangible results which, however, cannot be effectively applied in all conditions and by any economic operator. The reasons why this happens determine the applicability of our research. The statement of the problem to be solved is as follows. The different results from the application of the same management methods could be explained by the fact that each company, firm, or corporation has its own unique structure and internal and external business environment. Moreover, an applied theory, being a concrete example of the respective fundamental one and therefore, having the same assumptions and provisions in principle, in fact may vary in some of them and even avoid them altogether. Our task is to construct methodological approaches to the development of applied management theories. To summarize, for the purpose of understanding what role the fundamental and the applied theories play in management, we have considered the general structure of a scientific theory as a system of knowledge and have shown that both the empirical basis and the use of knowledge in practical activities are an integral part of any theory. The conclusion we have reached to solve the problem stated is in offering a methodological approach to developing the theory of self-organization development for economic operators. The structure of the theory is presented in blocks with detailed descriptions and links between each of them. 10.5862/JE.233.1 65.01 ECONOMIC ENTITY; EFFECTIVENESS; MANAGMENT; SYSTEM; THEORY; METHODOLOGY; ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PROCESSES. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.1/ kolobova_kolobov.pdf

RAR RUS 17-28 Giryaeva Elena lenaonline@inbox.ru Implementing WTO obligations at the subfederal level in Russian Federation: an analysis 10.5862/JE.233.2 339.9.012.421 SUBFEDERAL LEVEL; SUBSIDIES; OBLIGATIONS; WTO; SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE; AGGREGATE MEASUREMENT OF SUPPORT. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.2/ zhiryaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 29-39 Vatolkina Natalya Gorbunova Nadezhda GNadezhdaW@yandex.ru Import substitution: international experience, instruments and effects The article considers the essence, types, tools and long-term effects of the strategy of import substitution based on a review of international experience of its implementation in the period of last 60 years. The authors provide a comparative description of the three types of the import substitution strategy that have been implemented in different countries of the world: the protectionist strategy, the strategy of "self-reliance" and the export-oriented strategy. For each type of strategy the article shows international experience of the strategy deployment, its negative and positive socio-economic effects. The authors offer an assessment of the long-term results of the strategy implementation. For the strategy of the first type the experience of Brazil is the most characteristic, for the strategy of the second type the Indian experience, while the strategy of the third type was successfully implemented in the countries of South Asia, such as Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea. However, the experience of other countries which used the elements of import substitution strategies was also investigated, including CIS countries, e.g., Belarus and Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to the instruments of the import substitution strategy which are divided into three groups: active industrial policy, trade protection, export promotion. Each of the three types of import substitution strategies involves the use of complex tools, but their combination and mutual influence varies. Based on the experience of foreign countries, the authors conclude that for a multisectoral economy of Russia, which in many ways can be attributed to a post-industrial type, the need for a comprehensive import substitution strategy exists, which should be based on the simultaneous protection of the domestic market and export development. 10.5862/JE.233.3 339.562.4 import substitution economic strategy export; instruments economic growth https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.3/ vatolkina_gorbunova.pdf

RAR RUS 40-50 Kurbanov, Artur kurbanov-83@yandex.ru Knyaznedelin Ragislav radislav@yandex.ru Vorushilin Lev lev_vorushilin@mail.ru Transformation of enterprise management tools of a military-industrial complex due to external factors The defense industry is an integral part of Russia's national security. Its capabilities are now required to fully implement the increased government orders. The early 1990s with their political changes have been, for many enterprises of the domestic defense industry, a difficult period of adapting to new economic realities, with their efficiency having decreased tenfold. As a result of the revisions in the state policy in the field of security and defense since the mid-2000s, there is a renewal of fixed assets in many enterprises of the Russian defense industry, the processes of intra-industry integration have started, aimed at consolidating technological competences, operational and financial capabilities, design schools, the scientific and technological reserves managed by the state-controlled holding companies. Since the end of 2014, a policy of import substitution has been introduced and actively implemented. It is obvious that the Russian defense industry has been and continues to be the driving force of the Russian industry. The main methods for managing the enterprises of the military-industrial complex need some transformation; innovative approaches that take into account the complex military-political and socio-economic factors need to be found and implemented. One of the problems of the Russian economy is that the private civilian sector is generally unwilling to finance innovation, while the potential of the defense industry can be widely used for the technological improvement of the entire national industry by applying the well-known international practices. In this regard, it is clearly necessary to ensure the development and implementation of measures aimed at the development of innovative activity of defense enterprises. The results are of interest not only for government specialists (represented by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation), but can be useful for the administrators and managers of industrial enterprises and organizations. 10.5862/JE.233.4 338.1 IMPORT SUBSTITUTION; INNOVATION; MANAGEMENT TOOLS; PERSONNEL POLICY; THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES; INDUSTRIAL RECESSION; TECHNICAL RE-EQUIPMENT; ARMS EXPORTS. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.4/ kurbanov_knyaznedelin_vorushilin.pdf

RAR RUS 51-57 Savenkova Irina sev-572@mail.ru Kovalenko Svetlana tsiguleva@bsu.edu.ru The competitive environment in the banking sector and its development in the regional aspect (Belgorod region example) A study of the competitive environment in the banking market is currently quite topic, since this sector of economy is one of the agenda priorities of the Government of the Russian Federation. Terms and conditions of the global crisis, and especially its consequences, imposed a significant imprint on the activities of credit organizations, which required a number of activities of the Central Bank of Russia to stabilize and strengthen the banking sector. In this article the authors studied the state and the level of economic competition in the banking market, and by the example of the Belgorod region to identify the need for the policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation to improve the health of the banking sector, leading to an improvement in the competitive environment. The study determined the degree of saturation of the Russian banking sector credit institutions and the level of competition, confirmed the calculated coefficients Herfindahl–Hirschman. Regional study of the banking market of the Belgorod region, which showed strong competition occurring on the background of a large market capture of six to eight large credit institutions. However, the marked downward trend in the number of banks, which takes place both because of the revocation of licenses by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, and because of the reorganization of large diversified banks in their regional offices. The article also traces dynamics of total profit of credit organizations with a clear explanation of the reasons for its turbulent and conditions of withdrawal of liquidity from the banking sector. Consideration of the strengths of the market leaders in the banking sector of the Belgorod region, and an overview of the priorities in their development showed that in the region, in order to survive in the competitive environment and realize their goals, small credit institutions need to adapt to the rules of the game leaders, or to develop their own strategy – a survival strategy in the market arena. The result of this article is based on the findings on the state of competition in the banking sector in Russia and the Belgorod region, allowed to identify new vectors of further development of the subject in order to identify a more accurate number of factors, focus on which will contribute to the efficiency of the business of credit institutions and their degree of competitiveness and optimizes intensifying competitiveness, and as a result, provide a qualitative development of the competitive environment in the region. 10.5862/JE.233.5 339.137.22:336.71 THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT; THE LEVEL OF COMPETITION; THE MARKET OF BANKING SERVICES; CREDIT INSTITUTIONS; THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF THE BANKS. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.5/ savenkova_kovalenko.pdf

RAR RUS 58-66 Sanneris G. giada.sanneris@gmail.com Kvasha Nadezhda nadia_kvasha@rambler.ru A-5757-2017 35573556300 0000-0001-9375-0262 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kozlov Alexander akozlov@spbstu.ru; avk55-spb@yandex.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg,195251

The development of small industrial enterprises in Russia: specifics and problems of growth The article presents an analysis of the specifics of small and medium-sized business development in Russian Federation. The importance and role of small and medium-sized businesses in the European countries is described. The authors analyze the tools for small and medium-sized business support and the criteria for small enterprise identification used by the developed countries. A specific feature of Russian small and medium-sized businesses is an industrial structure dominated by commercial and trade companies. The investigation carried out by the authors allowed to identify the main barriers for developing small industrial enterprises and to formulate the recommendations for small industrial business development. The barriers define unstable financial results and ratios of small industrial enterprises, their low payment ability. The main tool to improve the situation is to establish the criteria for small enterprise performance. The most reasonable criterion for performance evaluation is the economic efficiency. This criterion allows to create a transparent trajectory for the growth and stable development of small businesses. According to modern approaches, the indicator reflecting the economic efficiency criterion is the value of a business or a company. The company value depends on the quality of management at the first rate. To formulate an optimal model of small enterprise development, it is necessary to identify the correlation between the company value and the business growth. 10.5862/JE.233.6 339.91 SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED BUSINESS; INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES; BARRIERS FOR DEVELOPMENT; SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT; INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.6/ sanneris_kvasha_kozlov.pdf

RAR RUS 67-72 Kaplyuk Ekaterina ekapluk@gmail.com The analysis of labor productivity in innovation and technology clusters The article is dedicated to the analysis and evaluation of labor productivity in the industry sector of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of labor productivity it can be concluded that in the period under review productivity decreased in virtually all industrial sectors. The study concluded that the renewal of fixed assets has a direct effect on productivity, with the industries best performing in this factor having the largest share in the country's GDP. Technical and technological equipment is one of the key factors determining productivity, but for sustainable growth it is necessary to combine efforts on a range of factors. It was revealed that dynamic capabilities should be considered one of the factors increasing the productivity of labor, while the accumulation of these capabilities is more characteristic for innovation and technology clusters, due to the combined competencies of the participating enterprises, research and educational organizations. The article has pointed out that for innovation and technology clusters, it is important to not merely accumulate competencies, but also to transform them into an effective mechanism for knowledge transfer. We assessed productivity in clusters through economic and statistical analysis, and concluded that labor productivity in clusters has a positive dynamics. It was found that the factors increasing labor productivity include not only the technological equipment industry, the expansion of production and technical means, but also the qualification of the labor process, which is reflected in the accumulation of dynamic capabilities. Based on this approach, we can conclude that the challenge for companies is to determine the competencies and develop ways to transfer and further develop in view of the changes in the external environment. 10.5862/JE.233.7 332.12 PRODUCTIVITY; INDUSTRY; DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES; COMPETENCE; INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY CLUSTERS. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.7/ kaplyuk.pdf

RAR RUS 73-80 Markova Viktoriia kuznetsovavika5@mail.ru Shuvalova Dar'ia shuvalovadaria@mail.ru The development of a methodology for assessing the level of localization for enterprises of electrical engineering and power engineering This article describes the problem of production localization in the power engineering and electrical engineering industry. At the present time, the Russian economy is facing the issue of competition between domestic and foreign manufacturers in the field of power engineering. This is due, firstly, to the large deterioration of the equipment installed at generation  and power transmission facilities, power, and, secondly, to the technologies used for manufacturing the power generation equipment becoming obsolete. The localization of production equipment can partially solve these problems.  Furthermore, production localization has to be controlled by the state, for which the so-called localization level is used in world practice. The authors of the article present a study of the existing methods and their comparison. It is also revealed that none of these take into account the specifics of power engineering. As a result of the investigation, the authors propose a method of assessing the level of localization that takes into account the cost of imported raw materials, the price of the final product, the cost of all raw materials used in the production process of power engineering and electrical engineering.  In this study, the authors identified a relationship between the localization level and the industry-specific cost and the availability of resources. Therefore, in order to control the localization process we proposed to consider the uniformity of the production localization process. Production localization uniformity entails constructing a system of coordinates along the axes of which lie the localization levels of individual cost items. This localization uniformity is determined by the direction of the line passing through the point of origin and the point of intersection of the levels of localization. The authors defined the conditions that characterize the uniformity of the process of localization and described them in this article.  Thus, the authors have developed a tool for measuring and monitoring the production localization process at any stage of the implementation of this strategy. 10.5862/JE.233.8 338.45 LOCALIZATION OF PRODUCTION; THE LEVEL OF LOCALIZATION; EQUITABILITY LOCALIZATION; THE POWER ENGINEERING AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING; COST STRUCTURE https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.8/ markova_shuvalova.pdf

RAR RUS 81-90 Khayrullina Marina proreg5@mail.ru Kislitsyna Ol'ga olkis@ngs.ru Chuvaev Aleksei achuvaev@inbox.ru Continuous improvement of industrial enterprise’s production system: indicators and assessment model The creation of management mechanism, which is relevant to the innovative development strategy and ensures international competitive ability, is an important task for Russian industrial enterprises. This mechanism is based on the process of continuous improvement in constantly changing environment, when material resources, investment, innovations and personnel of enterprise are balanced and aimed on maintenance of current and future competitive ability. Continuous improvements are connected primarily with production systems’ development on the principles of stream management oriented on market. The absence of complex methodology of study and creation of Russian enterprises’ production systems, including models and methods of performance measurement, makes researches in this area relevant and timely. The purpose of the article is to represent one of the possible approaches to assessing the level of enterprise’s production system development, based on the integration of principles of lean manufacturing and theory of constraints. Researching and writing the article one uses interdisciplinary knowledge (technological production processes were considered in unity with economic principles of their construction and management), combination of technical and technological approach, formal logic and mathematical economic modeling. As a result the authors propose the system of indicators and mathematical economic model for results assessment of improvements in accordance with the modern concepts of production system management. Their practical approbation was carried out on enterprises of equipment and metal products manufacturing in Novosibirsk. The article represents the results of only the one of the stage of the study. Further researches are connected to the development of comparative analysis of high-tech enterprises’ business processes, models of production and business processes optimization and synchronization of different types of flows, algorithms and selection criteria for solutions of the production system development, methods of measurement and reduction of risks during implementation of innovative strategies. The results will contribute to the deepening of knowledge of the phenomena and processes in economy and management of modern production. One proposes the scale of integral assessment of the production system development level approved on enterprises of equipment and metal products manufacturing in Novosibirsk. 10.5862/JE.233.9 338.3.01 PRODUCTION SYSTEM; CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT; LEAN MANUFACTURING; THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS; PROCESS MODELING. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.9/ khayrullina_kislitsyna_chuvaev.pdf

RAR RUS 91-99 Grigorova Anastasiya gav.2508@mail.ru Emelin Vadim emelin41@mail.ru Podolyanets Dmitry finansy@pisem.net Risk as an economic category for justifying the development trends of high information technologies The modern concept of knowledge economy reflects new developments in economics, with the concept of economic growth as a function of capital accumulation and effective use undergoing significant changes. Knowledge is the most stable kind of information in the face of uncertainty and the constant evolution of the methods of point destructive impact on the decision-making process. In a knowledge economy, information, quality of information and knowledge are the crucial elements defining the concept of risk. We propose using a complex of mathematical methods of the fuzzy measures theory for risk assessment, which are used to establish a procedure (function or algorithm) linking the indicators of quality of information for each indicator in the form of plausible linguistic judgments, with an integral indicator for evaluating the success of the project lifecycle. The availability of incorrect hypotheses in decision-making and management is doing more harm than their absence. At the same time, because an economic system develops unevenly, there is always the accumulated knowledge of past developments and the tested results of ongoing and future projects. As the existing research shows, a significant proportion of the developed modern technologies associated with the production of information and knowledge belongs to transnational corporations. Given that these companies own global information and telecommunications networks, the information flow within these networks and the quality of information within these flows, as well as entire software and hardware systems for providing information services, we can conclude that the provision of information and knowledge will actually take place according to the laws and the conditions determined by the developers and owners of networks and technologies. The article considers the complex of methods that is used to assess and mitigate risks in the performance of information science-intensive projects in the area of ​​electronic monitoring. 10.5862/JE.233.10 330.322.011 HIGH-TECH PROJECTS; KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY; RISKS; ELECTRONIC MONITORING; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.10/ grigorova_emelin_podolyanets.pdf

RAR RUS 100-111 Kalacheva Anna kl.ann@mail.ru The development of a model for assessing the investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise The article considers the problem of assessing the investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises. The resulting integral indicator obtained through the majority of assessment methods allows to compare a group of companies based on their attractiveness for investors. It is necessary to choose a model of forming an integral indicator that would best allow to carry out such an assessment. Investment attractiveness of the enterprise is influenced by various internal and external factors. In this article we made a selection of significant factors and grouped them based on analyzing and consolidating the existing approaches. At the same time, we took into account the principle of separately estimating the quantitative indicators of the required effect and the investment risks which are important for the specific users of the model. As a result, we suggest to form the integral indicator on the basis of three group indicators: the investment potential of the enterprise, the risk factors and the attractiveness of the investment project. A comparison of the points of view of various authors concerning the components of the economic potential and the investment risks of an enterprise led us to select the most significant ones. As a result, we offer to assess the investment potential on the basis of indicators of assets, labor, management, financial, marketing, innovation potentials and effect of enterprise activity. Additionally, investment risks should be assessed on the basis of indicators of external risks (investment climate) and internal risks arising from enterprise activity (financial, commercial, operational risks and business reputation). The article contains a mathematical description of the proposed assessment model of integral indicator using a linear factor model, the reduction of particular indicators to a comparable form, and the addition of a correction factor considering the volume of the used information. The article also describes the procedure for the step-by-step selection of investment-attractive enterprises on the basis of this model. 10.5862/JE.233.11 330.322 INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS; INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE; INTEGRAL INDICATOR; FACTOR MODEL; EFFECT ESTIMATION; RISKS ESTIMATION; ENTERPRISE POTENTIAL; SELECTION PROCEDURE https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.11/ kalacheva.pdf

RAR RUS 112-122 A-5757-2017 35573556300 0000-0001-9375-0262 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kozlov Alexander akozlov@spbstu.ru; avk55-spb@yandex.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg,195251

Tupikova Dar'ia daria.tupikova@gmail.com The article presents a study dedicated to identifying the factors influencing the efficiency of transactions on mergers and acquisitions. It suggests 5 hypotheses on the results of transactions on mergers and acquisitions on the Russian market. A regressive model of efficiency measurement was developed based on the short-term efficiency model. The Thomson Reuters Advanced Analytics databases were used as an information base for finding transactions and constructing equations. Yahoo Finance was used as the data source on the companies’ stock quotations during a week before and after the transaction. Based on data analysis, 30 high-standard merger and acquisition transactions were reported; they were performed in seven different sectors with various concentration measures. Based on the mentioned hypotheses, a theoretical model for calculating the transaction efficiency values was offered. The following factors were discovered: the larger transaction value, the greater merger and acquisition transaction efficiency for the buying company. Collaboration with an independent outside advisor of a major audit company will have a positive social return as well. In order to account for sector specifics, e.g., concentration ratios, average values of merger and acquisition transaction efficiency were  calculated (by sectors). There is a case study on the efficiency measurement of the transaction between the two leading mineral fertilizer producers (Uralkaliy JSC and Silvinit JSC, which was declared in December, 2010). The key factors, which influenced the transaction’s short-term efficiency, were defined. Recommendations for increasing merger and acquisition transaction efficiency were developed for Russian companies. 10.5862/JE.233.12 339.91 MERGERS; ACQUISITIONS; CONCENTRATION IN THE INDUSTRY; EFFICIENCY FACTORS OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS; REGRESSION MODEL OF EFFICIENCY. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.12/ kozlov_tupikova.pdf

RAR RUS 123-137 Ilyin Igor ilyin@fem.spbstu.ru Rybakov Dmitrii rybakoff.dmitriy@gmail.com An overview of the approaches to defining and solving the problem of interaction between marketing and logistics of a trade enterprise Logistics has passed a long way of development, transformed from one of the directions of marketing activity into an independent field of activity, providing competitive advantages to companies. Nevertheless, marketing and logistics still remain interrelated and interdependent.  The problems of interaction between marketing and logistics are recognized by the scientific community, as evidenced by a large amount of materials dedicated to this topic. The aim of the present study is the specification and definition of the problem of cross-functional coordination of marketing and logistics at a trade enterprise, and also defining its solution direction. The study conducted a retrospective analysis of the development of logistics as a scientific and practical field of activity connected to marketing. Various points of view on the mechanism of interaction between marketing and logistics are examined. The most significant obstacles to the coordination of marketing and logistics, often cited in scientific literature, have been identified. Mathematical methods applied for searching for optimal solutions in the logistics systems of enterprises and supply chains have been analyzed. The research was based on the study of Russian and foreign literature sources. As a result, it has been established that marketing determines the level of customer service by setting up the values of a number of indicators which reveal the marketing mix. Some of these indicators are also indicators of the services provided by logistics. The problem consists in the lack of a mathematical model optimizing the values of logistics service indicators. Optimal values are understood as indicator values yielding maximum profit. The problem can be solved through using the methods of mathematical programming. Further research is required, aimed at creating integrated optimization models of logistics systems of trade enterprises, taking into account the marketing solutions and the logistics possibilities. The application of mathematical methods provides a systematic approach to solving the problem, since it takes into account the widely known obstacles of cross-functional coordination and helps eliminate them.. 10.5862/JE.233.13 65.01 MARKETING; LOGISTICS; CUSTOMER SERVICE; LOGISTICS SERVICE; OPTIMIZATION. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.13/ ilin_rybakov.pdf

RAR RUS 138-149 Pinkovetskaia Iuliia judy54@yandex.ru On the specialization of small entrepreneurship subjects in Russia The paper presents some patterns and trends in the development of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs, their distribution by type of economical activity, and their specialization in producing goods or providing services. We have discussed mean and specific values of indicators for small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs. We have considered such indicators as the quantity and turnover of the subjects of small entrepreneurship, and also the quantity of their employees for 14 types of economical activity. We have offered an assessment of the changes in basic indicators of small entrepreneurship in 2014 in comparison with 2011. The current relative stability of the structure of the distribution of a set of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs by type of economical activity has been demonstrated. Based on the results of our analysis we have established that the mean number of employees is less than 6 for small enterprises, 2 for individual entrepreneurs, that is, the absolute majority of small entrepreneurship subjects are microenterprises. We have proved that about 90% of all subjects of small entrepreneurship and their total number of employees specialize in 6 main types of economical activity (wholesale and retail trade, operations with real estate, manufacturing, transport and communications, building, agriculture). We have established that the shares of small enterprises and entrepreneurs producing various goods in the total number of subjects of small entrepreneurship are 11.34 % and 17.91 % of the number of employees, respectively. Accordingly, the subjects of small entrepreneurship in the service sphere comprise 88.66 % from the total number of enterprises and entrepreneurs and 82.09 % from the total number of employees. Thus, nowadays much more subjects of small entrepreneurship specialize in providing services, than in producing goods. Based on the results of the study, we propose introducing changes to legal documents that would ensure the decrease in the complexity of accounting and reporting; ensuring priority development of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs working in agriculture and forestry; increasing the support of entrepreneurship specializing in science research, education, healthcare, the provision of social, communal and personal services; encouraging the provision of fundamentally new services. 10.5862/JE.233.14 332.05:005 small enterprises individual entrepreneurs quantity of employees turnover goods services https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.14/ pinkovetskaya.pdf

RAR RUS 150-156 Krutik Alexandr Economy and business in system of service in the wholesale market Questions of business activity in quickly developing social sector of economy of Russia are considered. The special attention is paid to investment, innovative and psychological aspects of social business at a transitional stage of life of the country. Justification of value of development of business and need of active living position in the conditions of modern civil society is given. Situation according to which in service economy key position is held by the services rendered to legal entities – to the enterprises locates. Such services provide processes of merchandising in the wholesale market. Classification of services of the wholesale market by a wide range of signs is given. The special attention is paid to logistic services. Point according to which all deliveries have to be followed by a complex of services is made. All services of the wholesale market are optimum across Pareto. It is shown that the important place among logistic providers is taken by wholesale intermediaries – wholesale trade enterprises. The specified enterprises carry out change of parameters of the material streams coming from suppliers producers to the sphere of the address. The big sizes of commodity stocks allow wholesale trade enterprises to carry out deliveries according to requirements of each consumer: to form small parties of delivery and to ship production through the set intervals according to the logistic concept of ECR, to operate stocks of consumers on VMI system, to carry out deliveries «precisely in time», to give help in the organization of logistics, etc. Theoretical provisions of economy of business are considered, the mechanism of functioning of business in a services sector is presented. The analysis of the most essential factors having impact on results in the sphere of service economy is provided. The main directions of transformations of the service organizations in modern economic conditions are defined. The conclusion that service activity in the wholesale market is the defining factor of a steady condition of all economy as it is directed on all subjects of business is drawn, considering thus their operating conditions and individual requirements. 10.5862/JE.233.15 319.34:621.23:39 SERVICE ECONOMY; PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION OF SERVICES; SERVICES OF THE WHOLESALE MARKET; LOGISTIC SERVICES; PROVIDERS AND OUTSOURCING OF SERVICES OF THE WHOLESALE MARKET https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.15/ krutik.pdf

RAR RUS 157-165 Rudenko Marina m.ru.ko@mail.ru, rudenko@econ.psu.ru V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Features of increase of satisfaction of subjects of business in modern economy In the conditions of the undeveloped market which takes place in Russia so far, growth of satisfaction of consumers isn't always connected with growth of use of the marketing strategies of interaction assuming closer cooperation with the consumer and his involvement in process of creation of joint value. Such strategy are most effectively realized in the conditions of the effective market developed, as a rule. Low solvency of the Russian industrial enterprises which aren't ready to pay additional services and investments into development of relationship so far is the reason for that. In addition, against insufficiently quality domestic production, backwardness of a logistic component of offers of the companies, investments into these fields of activity can yield significantly more good results, than investments into the relations. From the point of view of marketing buyers of production were always the main object of management for any enterprise structure. With the advent of mergers of companies, network forms of business the circle of objects of management significantly extended. The company management problem from positions of a modern paradigm can be formulated as follows: to meet requirements not only the direct consumers, but all stakeholders. Accordingly, the companies face problems in developing and implementing strategies to increase customer satisfaction, taking into account the interests of all other stakeholders of the company. In other words, companies must develop strategies that increase satisfaction of direct consumers, at the same time meet the requirements and interests of shareholders, investors, employees, and other stakeholders. It is clear that the adoption of this principle necessitates constant monitoring of satisfaction of each kind of stakeholders, not only consumers (buyers) that can help a company identify strategies which are not contrary to the interests of the different groups of stakeholders. The solution to this problem is to find a single criterion of efficiency of activity of the company, which would consistently meet the needs of all stakeholders of the company. 10.5862/JE.233.16 330.123.6 MARKET RELATIONS; STEJKHOLTERY; THE CRITERIA FOR THE COMPETITION; POSTAL CODE OF LOYALTY; COMPETENCE; INTANGIBLE ASSETS; THE VALUE OF THE COMPANY. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.16/ rudenko_babkin.pdf

RAR RUS 166-172 Zlobina Natalya zlobinanv@bk.ru Zavrazhina Kristina zavrazhina-kv@yandex.ru Marketing in the social networks: current trends and prospects The article deals with the current directions of marketing development in the social networks: the integration of online and offline structures, situational SMM and promotion of the importance of involvement. We have identified a growing interest in user-generated video content, which proves the viable prospects of carrying out viral video marketing.  An analysis of the structure and composition of social network users by demographic (gender, age, geography) and quantitative traits (monthly audience, active users) allowed to identify target groups. Nine popular social networks (Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki, My world, Facebook, LiveJournal, Instagram, Twitter, Linkedin, Myspace) have been described. We have  determined what groups of goods are sold in each of the studied social networks. The TOP 5 popular products sold on the networks were: clothing and footwear (41 %), perfumes and cosmetics (28 %), consumer electronics (25 %), delivery of cooked meals (24 %), goods for children (20 %). The study showed an increase in consumer loyalty to online shopping. There is a projected increase in the proportion of the «clothes and shoes» and «baby products» segments, car products appearing in the TOP 5, as well as a significant increase in all other commodity groups. 10.5862/JE.233.17 365.28.16 MARKETING; SMM; SOCIAL NETWORKS; PROSPECTS; TENDENCIES. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.17/ zlobina_zavrazhina.pdf

RAR RUS 173-182 Bakanova Svetlana s.bakanova@mail.ru Silkina Galina galina.silkina@gmail.com The evolution of knowledge: modeling and application analysis The article discusses the mathematical modeling of the evolution and accumulation of scientific and applied knowledge; solving these problems is established as urgent for modern high-tech companies, the existing mathematical foundations are described, and the authors’ own proposals are presented. The problem of mathematically modeling knowledge growth is examined by the authors on two levels, which are the growth and evolution of general knowledge, and the accumulation of individual knowledge (knowledge of a particular individual). The growth of general knowledge is described by the law of exponential growth, which is consistent with the results of the previous studies of this phenomenon. Based on the formal representation of the process the authors have determined the parameters characterizing the evolution of knowledge in a particular subject area; these are the intensity of knowledge obsolescence and the knowledge half-life period. The article contains calculations of indicators for various fields of knowledge, shows their practical application in knowledge management systems of companies. The process of individual knowledge growth and accumulation is logically represented by a function of logistic dynamics. Logistic curve dynamics highlights the main stages by which employees accumulate professional knowledge in high-tech companies. Based on this, the authors describe a mechanism for determining the amount of knowledge corresponding to these stages and show the possibility of using these characteristics in the actual knowledge management in modern companies. The combination of the two processes (growth of general and individual knowledge) is described by an analytical formula that can predict the general level of knowledge in a company in the context of the development of the knowledge used in a particular industry. This, in its turn, determines the possibility of planning strategies and knowledge management activities within a company. The article presents the prospects for the further development and investigation of the evolution of the knowledge problem and its models, aimed, in general, at forming a full-fledged complex of knowledge management tools in high-tech companies. 10.5862/JE.233.18 338.1 KNOWLEDGE GROWTH; KNOWLEDGE OBSOLESCENCE; KNOWLEDGE EVOLUTION; KNOWLEDGE HALF-LIFE PERIOD; KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.18/ bakanova_silkina.pdf

RAR RUS 183-195 Radaev Anton TW-inc@yandex.ru 0000-0002-4144-4287 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kobzev Vladimir emm@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg,195251

A technique for creating a warehouse distribution network structure for industrial enterprises in metropolitan areas The currently existing problems in organizing industrial enterprises’ supply networks cause the methods of designing warehouse distribution networks in geographic regions with high-population centers to become increasingly important. Due to this circumstance, it makes sense to create a technique for forming a warehouse distribution network structure for industrial enterprises in metropolitan areas. The technique is based on applying statistical processing methods (including approximation approaches) and also methods of linear and non-linear optimization. Initial data for implementing the technique includes the weight and size parameters of transport units and vehicles, the characteristics of a geographic region’s map and its corresponding rectangular coordinate system, and also the volumes of supplies and demands of the contractors, i.e., the suppliers and consumers, respectively. The main stages of the implementation process for the technique are as follows: forming functional relationships (describing a metropolitan area’s features) between the characteristics of warehouse objects and transportation processes and the location parameters of a distribution network’s elements based on the statistic data on the services of commercial organizations in the areas of goods transportation and short-time storage; aggregated justification of the warehouse network structure and the cargo flows between warehouses and contractors; correction of coordinates for warehouse objects forming the distribution network. The results of the proposed technique include the characteristics of the amount, location, capacity and rental costs for the warehouse objects forming the distribution network and also the characteristics of cargo flows and the corresponding transportation costs. The main assumptions of the technique are taking into account only the leasable (i.e., not purchased or built) warehouse objects forming the network, and also independence of cargo flow structure from warehouse locations corrected at the last stage of implementing the technique. 10.5862/JE.233.19 658.78, 658.81 WAREHOUSE NETWORK; INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE; TECHNIQUE; MODELING; OPTIMIZATION MODEL. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.19/ radaev_kobzev.pdf

RAR RUS 196-205 Lipuntsov Iurii lipuntsov@econ.msu.ru The information modeling stages The core characteristics of information systems are defined by information and mathematical models; these are the plenitude of data and data analysis, and the intellectuality of a system. The article discusses different approaches to describing the information model, the types of implementation, and the practice methods of data integration. The definition and analysis are presented from a set of viewpoints, including business architecture, organization as communication, organization as document-flows, services and processes. The implementation is represented by the ER and RDF models. The data integration methods have been divided into three categories according to control type. In a controlled environment the integration can be implemented by creating an integrated data model, standardizing the data, assigning unified identifiers to basic model objects, as well as by tracking the data integrity for the systems included in the model. Three models are possible in a semi-controlled environment: the service model, data formats standardization and semantic integration. In an uncontrolled environment, integration methods involve linked open data and context based models.  With the growing number of users and the transition to an open world, semantic principles are becoming more significant. Given the shift from systems integration to the semantic method, the role experts in various areas is growing substantially; these act as suppliers of context, interpreters of data, and the key participants in designing architectural solutions. Using the architectural principles of system implementation during the specification stage and subsequently following these principles through implementation and integration may result in a substantial reduction of the costs of modeling and implementing the system as a whole. 10.5862/JE.233.20 330.47; 330.46 INFORMATION MODELING; DOMAIN MODEL; DATA INTEGRATION; DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNICATION; DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.20/ lipuntsov.pdf

RAR RUS 206-215 Matveenko Vladimir matveenko@emi.nw.ru Korolev Aleksei danitschi@gmail.com Alfimova Anastasia alfimova.nastena@mail.ru On equilibrium stability in a network game with production and externalities We consider a network model of production with externalities which describes a situation typical for many economic, social, and political systems. In the first period of time each of the agents in the network receives endowment and distributes it between consumption and investment. In the second period the agent’s consumption depends on its own investment as well as on investments of its neighbors. The agent’s benefit is determined by its consumption in the two periods. We introduce adjustment dynamics into this model and study the problem of stability of the game equilibrium. An important fact which we have discovered in our research is the special role of the conditions of the presence and the absence of productivity both in a static and in a dynamic framework. The specifics of the dynamics and the nature of the resulting equilibrium depend on the parameters of the model and on the character of the initial disturbance. We have found the instability of the inner equilibrium and have studied the convergence to a new corner equilibrium and the stability of the latter. The instability of the inner equilibria, which we found and the sources of which we study, is the property typical for social and economic systems. The presence of many social institutions can be explained by the wish of the members of the society to preserve the existing equilibria under the dynamic instability which would take place without such stabilizing institutions. 10.5862/JE.233.21 519.83, 519.86 NETWORK; NETWORK ECONOMICS; NETWORK GAME; EQUILIBRIUM; EXTERNALITY; PRODUCTION; STABILITY OF EQUILIBRIUM. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.21/ matveenko_korolev_alfimova.pdf

RAR RUS 216-221 G-3842-2016 0000-0002-8459-0903 Scientific-Research Institute of Regional Economy of the North of North-Eastern Federal University Egorov Nikolay ene01@yandex.ru

Petrovskogo St., 2, Yakutsk, 677891

Babkin Ivan babkinivan@spbstu.ru A conceptual model of specialist training within the public-private partnership and the triple helix concept Currently the relationship between the state, the business and the universities (the concept of the Triple Helix model) in the innovative sphere based public-private partnership (PPP) is one of the important conditions for the formation of effective economic policy in the region, serving to increase the level of its competitiveness. In this article questions of training specialists in the PPP model and the concept of the Triple Helix theory are considered. A conceptual model for analyzing and monitoring the consumer market in qualified personnel is presented. Conceptually speaking, the organizational and structural scheme of personnel training based on the public-private partnership of a triad of the main participants of the innovative process (the concept of the Triple Helix) implies the all participants of the innovative infrastructure, including the executive departments of the government and the business community, actively participate in the educational process. It is noted that federal higher education institutions of the east region of Russia have to continuously monitor the market of personnel demand and to timely adjust the educational process in accordance with the predicted trends in the demand for experts in various areas of the consumer market of Pacific Rim countries, in particular, those of Northeast Asia. The implementation of the proposed model of training specialists within PPP and the concept of the theory of the Triple Helix will allow to adapt the systems of preparing competitive specialists to the labor market’s changes faster and more flexibly; it is aimed at not only the enterprises and organizations of the economy’s real sector within the area where a higher education institution is located¸ but also at satisfying the needs of foreign countries in highly qualified personnel. 10.5862/JE.233.22 332.133 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP; CLUSTER; TRIPLE HELIX; TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS; CONSUMER MARKET. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.22/ egorov_babkin.pdf

RAR RUS 222-232 Sleptsova Iuliia julia_sleptsova@mail.ru Methods of selecting antirisk controlling actions The article shows that use of the new theory of economic systems, proposed by G. B. Kleiner, and operational theory of risk management to the structuring of the space of the economic risk factors and the risk management practices can play an important role in choosing a method of risk management and program development anti-risk control actions. Taking into account the time-space index, one can single out subsystems of the same four types: object type subsystem, environmental type subsystem, project type subsystem and process type subsystem, within the economic system concerned. The process of identification and classification of risk factors and selection anti-risk control actions in the framework of the object, process, project and environmental type subsystems of the production company, considered in this paper as a socio-economic system of the object type, is described. All anti-risk control actions will be referred to as the ones aimed at preventing or minimizing the negative consequences of the emergence of economic risk factors. The preferences of different methods to manage the risk level are proposed to be associated with the Uncertainty Avoidance Index of G. Hofstede. These updated operational characteristics of anti-risk control action, as object, subject, assessment of performance and cost, regularity of use. 10.5862/JE.233.23 330.131.7 ECONOMIC RISK FACTORS; ANTI-RISK CONTROL ACTIONS; NEW KLEINER’S THEORY OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS; OPERATIONAL THEORY OF RISK MANAGEMENT; METHOD OF RISK MANAGEMENT. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.23/ sleptsova.pdf

RAR RUS 233-244 Butsenko Elena evl@usue.ru Shorikov Andrei afshorikov@mail.ru Network modelling of the process of managing investment planning and its applications The article examines economic and mathematical modeling of the process of managing the investment projection for the business entity. The aim is to analyze investment management in order to design and apply economic and mathematical methods that would optimize the process. The article defines the investment planning process, highlights the main stages and steps in the process of investment planning, shows the process of optimizing the management of investment design using economic and mathematical modeling. It is suggested to use methods of network planning and management for the development of economic and mathematical models of the investment management process design. We propose a network model that is appropriate for the process that allows a business entity to efficiently organize its investment planning processes. The paper presents an actual example of using the proposed network model for developing an investment project for the opening a company for the construction phase and finishing the production premises. For this example, the analysis has been carried out, along with the ordering and coding of existing works, an appropriate roadmap has been built, network modeling parameters have been calculated and a calendar schedule has been constructed for the process of investment planning. The findings and conclusions of the article suggest that the proposed network modeling could be used as a tool for solving problems of controlling the investment planning process during the activity of an economic entity and as such contributes to its efficiency and leads to increased competitiveness. The results can be used by any business entity engaged in investment activities in the current economic conditions and seeking to optimize their time and cost expenditure. 10.5862/JE.233.24 330.45 NETWORK MODELING; ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING; INVESTMENT PLANNING; INVESTMENT PROJECTS MANAGEMENT; METHODS OF NETWORK PLANNING; THE PARAMETERS OF THE NETWORK MODEL OF THE PROJECT; NETWORK SCHEDULE; CALENDAR SCHEDULE. https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2015.56.24/ butsenko_shorikov.pdf