π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-22 Orlova Ekaterina ekorl@mail.ru Leasing business organization based on a digital platform The trend towards digital transformation and changing consumer preferences increase the role and importance of the problem of digitalization of the leasing sphere as a form of asset sharing in the B2B segment. Interest in this topic is growing not only on the part of researchers, but also on the part of the real sector of the economy, which is searching for effective solutions taking into account new opportunities of the sharing economy, in particular business models of joint use. The asset leasing model in the B2B segment has its own distinctive features compared to other equipment rental models – direct lease and sharing, which should be taken into account in designing a business digitalization project in the leasing sector. The article analyzes the development of leasing enterprises in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years. It shows stable growth and prerequisites for further growth, and studies the problems of leasing market development, one of which is the low level of digitalization of leasing services. The purpose of the paper is to develop methodological and organizational support for design a digital platform for the leasing services automating business processes and ensures increased efficiency of the leasing company. The digital platform assumes minimal human participation in the process of forming a commercial proposal and agreement, ensures digitalization of the transaction process, reducing the time and human resources of the lessee and lessor to conclude a leasing agreement. The proposed digital platform project is designed to change the way all participants in a leasing transaction interact by integrating the platform systems with the internal architecture of the leasing company, with databases of key suppliers, insurance companies, with portals providing services for assessing the creditworthiness of legal entities, with the bank and regulatory authorities. An organizational and economic mechanism and a business model of a B2B digital platform for providing leasing services for enterprise assets are proposed, taking into account the coordination of stakeholders' interests. The mechanism allows automating the relations between the parties to the transaction that arise in the process of concluding and maintaining a leasing agreement. A standard model of a leasing transaction is presented. A functional model for providing leasing services in a digital format is proposed. Using the case of a leasing company providing construction and special equipment for leasing, an assessment of the investment and current costs of the digital platform project is made, and an assessment of the economic efficiency of the project is given. 10.18721/JE.17601 338.24 digital economy sharing economy leasing digital transformation digital platform business model for leasing transaction https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.1/ 01_Orlova.pdf

RAR RUS 23-37 Lebedkin Pavel lebedkin.pawel@yandex.ru Lipatnikov Vitaly lipatnikov@hse.ru Smirnova Olga cam@spbstu.ru Analysis of the use of digital technologies at enterprises of the shipbuilding industry of the military-industrial complex The objective of the study was to analyze the features of using digital technologies to improve the activities of Russian shipbuilding enterprises. The main issue under consideration was the insufficient digitalization of enterprises of the military-industrial complex (MIC), as well as the need for the sovereignty of domestic software within this industry. The study analyzed the publications by leading domestic and foreign authors who studied various features related to the topic of digital transformation both in industrial enterprises in general and in shipbuilding. The study used a methodology that includes strategic, systemic and research approaches. Its purpose was to analyze the structure of digitalization of shipbuilding enterprises of the MIC at present and to identify key aspects of this process. According to the results obtained, the effectiveness of various software products in the operational activities of enterprises of MIC became clear. The key features of using various software products were identified, their characteristics were given, and a comparative review of the digital technology market was made. The use of digital solutions in the MIC covers three aspects at once: the properties and quality of the final product, the production process and warehousing. The introduction of various digital products made it possible to predict the final performance characteristics of the manufactured product. To do this, its digital twin was created by transferring data on its calculated physical, chemical and dimensional parameters to the digital environment. The use of digital products in production allows one to anticipate possible problems in the production process. Digital modeling of the product path from production to release to the market makes it possible to optimize processes even before the start of physical work, which reduces costs associated with product defects. The introduction of digital technologies in warehouses and supply chain management allows one to monitor balances in real time and purchase the necessary materials without the direct presence of a person. The need for centralized state support for the digitalization of control systems in the MIC is also separately noted. 10.18721/JE.17602 658: 338.45 digital technologies military-industrial complex digitalization shipbuilding industry https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.2/ 02_Lipatnikov%2C-Smirnova%2CLebedkin.pdf

RAR RUS 38-60 Q-4229-2017 57195759467 0000-0003-3644-4239 Voronezh State Technical University Shkarupeta Elena 9056591561@mail.ru

20 letiya Oktyabrya st., 84, Voronezh, Russia

V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Batukova Louisa Concept of indicative strategic program management of the umbrella industrial EICSG-ecosystem of Industry 5.0 The article is devoted to the development of fundamental and applied aspects of indicative strategic programming, providing the formation of the organizational foundations of the cyber-information development of industry. The focus of the research is on developing the concept of the organizational mechanism for software cyber-information management of the umbrella industrial EICSG-ecosystem. The relevance of the study is determined by the objectively necessary transition of modern industry to Industry 5.0, an organic and necessary component of which are umbrella industrial EICSG-ecosystems. The purpose of the research is to develop the organizational mechanism for indicative strategic software management of the umbrella industrial EICSG-ecosystem in a three-dimensional basis. The study is implemented in the paradigm of organizational systems engineering. But since the categorical apparatus of this modern scientific direction in the subject area of social and economic-administrative sciences is insufficiently developed, this paper proposes a new consideration of such concepts as the strategic perspective and the model of dynamics of the organizational and historical evolution of the economic and business mechanism. The work is fundamental and applied. This article: 1) develops the ideas of the classics, who formed the theory of universal organization and the theory of systems, including K.E. Tsiolkovsky, A.A. Bogdanov, L. von Bertalanffy; 2) develops the basis for the organizing a cybernetic approach to management at the level of mesosystems of the economic and business mechanism in the development of the conceptual foundations of the cybernetic approach, proposed in the works of N. Wiener, W. Ross Ashby, A.S. Beer; 3) substantiates the key parameters of strategic programming of the new umbrella industrial EICSG-ecosystem, which is necessary for the transition to the integral cyber-physical society. The novelty of the scientific research consists in the development of a mechanism for indicative strategic program management of the umbrella industrial EICSG-ecosystem in a three-dimensional basis. In particular, the characteristic of the umbrella industrial EICSG-ecosystem's own basis is given: in a real (institutional) modality; in a structural and architectural modality; in an information modality. The specified bases of the EICSG-ecosystem are projections of its integrity. Each basis is organizationally unique and must be formed as an independent component in organic connection with the other two components. This approach ensures the multidimensionality of the created mechanism of indicative strategic program management of the umbrella industrial EICSG-ecosystem of Industry 5.0. 10.18721/JE.17603 330.322.012 indicative planning sustainable development organizational programming digital transformation industrial ecosystem Industry 5.0 https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.3/ 03_Babkin%2C-Batukova%2C-Shkarupeta.pdf

RAR RUS 61-78 Badykova Idelya idelia.badykova@gmail.com Biktimirova Kamilla biktimirovakamilla0@gmail.com Identifying impact factors on the communications and telecommunications sector using ensemble machine learning methods Relevance. The communications and telecommunications sector plays one of the key roles in economic development. In this regard, it is especially important to determine the factors that influence this sector. When studying the Russian market, it is essential to take into account the heterogeneity of regional development. The purpose of the study is to model the activities of the communications and telecommunications sector and identify the factors that influence it, taking into account regional specifics. Methods. The empirical basis of this study is formed by the data of official statistical reporting for 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation quarterly for 2017–2023. The resulting variable is revenue from communication services, the independent variables are the volume of information transmitted from/to subscribers when accessing the Internet; tariff indices for communication services for legal entities; average number of employees in the telecommunications sector; basic consumer price index for goods and services; average monthly wages of employees in the economy; postal transfers. Using the Python programming language, the following models were built: linear regression, Ridge, Bagging, RandomForestRegressor, GradientBoostingRegressor and XGBRegressor. The SHAP method was used to interpret the results of ensemble methods. Results. The analysis confirms the uneven development of the communications and telecommunications sector within the country's regions. Among the constructed models, the best result was achieved using GradientBoostingRegressor, and the analysis of SHAP indicators revealed the influence of various factors on revenues from communications services, such as an increase in the average monthly salary, an increase in the volume of information (traffic), tariff indices for communications services for legal entities, as well as the negative impact of the basic consumer price index and an insignificant impact of postal transfers. Conclusions. Identifying factors that affect the communications and telecommunications sector in the context of the Russian economy is important and has both theoretical and practical significance. Thus, the results obtained can be used for various purposes: strategic planning, investment optimization, government regulation, marketing and sales, forecasting and planning. Directions for further research. Despite the fact that the quality of the model, taking into account the number of observations considered, seems quite high, some overfitting can be seen in the obtained models, to eliminate which, for the purpose of conducting further research, it is advisable to add observation values for new periods when generating a sample. In addition, it seems advisable to generate neural networks to obtain even more accurate estimates of the impact of various factors on the communications and telecommunications sector, as well as to obtain more accurate forecast estimates. 10.18721/JE.17604 338 communications and telecommunications sector impact factors machine learning ensemble methods regions https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.4/ 04_Badikova%2C-Biktimirova.pdf

RAR RUS 79-93 Presnyakova Olga Olga.Presnyakova@uralkali.com Strimovskaya Anna astrim26@mail.ru Ryumkina Ksenia karyumkina@edu.hse.ru Transition to the sustainable supply chains: (on the example of PJSC Uralkali) In the context of economic globalization and the growing number of sanctions, certain issues of managing key business processes, export operations and logistics in general become especially relevant for domestic enterprises. At the same time, for different levels of management, subtasks and methods for solving these tasks are different. Logistics as a tool for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises deserves special attention from the point of view of not only increasing the efficiency of business processes and reducing costs, but also reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment. Digitalization of logistics activity provides additional economic and environmental opportunities for modern enterprises: optimization of vehicle downtime during loading and unloading operations, reduction of CO2 emissions from irrationally formed routes, release of personnel from routine tasks in favor of strategic planning and control. The mentioned tendencies highlight the issue of transition to sustainable supply chains through the prism of digital transformation and information integration. Within the framework of the latter concept, data is perceived not only as a means of solving current business problems, but also as an end in itself: strategic global partnership of players in the international market today is based on cooperation principles, mutual coordination and protection of the environment. Each of these enterprise implements through modern methods of interaction with personnel and resource management, the introduction of advanced technologies in business practice, the use of modern equipment, and the design of sustainable supply chains. The article proposes a systematization of the tasks of managing the supply and sale of products of the industrial enterprise PJSC Uralkali that produces potash fertilizers according to various management levels. Recommendations have been developed for the application of logistics theory models to solve these problems, taking into account the achievement of sustainable development goals. The study presents an analysis of statistical data on the production and consumption of the company's products in the regions of Russia and abroad during the period from 2019 to 2023. This article will be useful for practicing specialists interested in the current state of the chemical industry in Russia and abroad, and the potash fertilizer market, in particular. 10.18721/JE.17605 65.011.46 decarbonization manufacturing of potash fertilizers logistics industry economy sustainable supply chains https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.5/ 05_Strimoskaya%2C-Ryumkina%2C-Presnyakova.pdf

RAR RUS 94-110 Khmeleva Galina Skreblov Nikita morgrain@yandex.ru Methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of the region's manufacturing sector The relevance of the article lies in the need to increase the level of global competitiveness of Russian regions. Russia is facing the challenge of advanced development in order to move from import substitution to the expansion of non-resource non-energy exports. This means that it is necessary to move away from understanding competitiveness as a competition between regions. In modern conditions, the competitive economy of the region means the ability to provide domestic and foreign markets with products from manufacturing industries. This aspect requires a revision of the usual methods of assessing the competitiveness of the regional economy towards shifting the focus to understanding changes in the localization of manufacturing industries and the export specialization of the region. The objective of the study is to develop a methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of manufacturing sector from the perspective of regional trade opportunities in global markets. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the level of competitiveness and the use of competitive advantages of the region is characterized by the degree of localization, comparative advantages and export specialization. To achieve the objective of the study, the paper presents a methodological approach that includes three stages: an assessment of the localization index by types of economic activity in the manufacturing industry, an assessment of the comparative advantages and export specialization of the region for certain types of products, and the development of a typology based on changes in localization and export of products. The peculiarity and novelty of the proposed methodological approach is to take into account not only changes in the localization of industry, but also the export of certain types of products manufactured by enterprises localized in the region. This approach can be extended to other types of economic activity. In addition, the degree of detail can be increased according to the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity. The results of the study made it possible to confirm the decrease in the level of technological dependence in the regions, since, compared to others, the geography of specializations in the production of electronic equipment and mechanical engineering is expanding at the fastest pace. The pattern is confirmed that regions with a higher level of specialization are more successful in exports than the national average. It has been revealed that regions with relatively small production and export scales can still be more competitive in foreign markets and less dependent on imports than regions with large production facilities, since they use the existing industrial potential more fully and effectively. The proposed methodological approach allowed us to offer recommendations on strengthening competitiveness for each of the four types of regions. The advantages and novelty of the proposed methodological approach lie in the most complete assessment of the region's use of competitive advantages in the global market. The theoretical value lies in identifying the actualization of the methodological apparatus for assessing regional competitiveness. The practical value lies in the possibility of using the results obtained for management decisions on the development of specialization in the regions and the development of support measures to ensure technological sovereignty. The directions of further research are related to detailing the product groups in which regions can increase the level of competitiveness and to expanding the geography of exports. 10.18721/JE.17606 332.05 competitiveness of the region methodological approach assessment manufacturing sector industry global competitiveness of the region https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.6/ 06_Hmeleva%2C-Skreblov.pdf

RAR RUS 111-124 Babkin Ivan babkinivan@spbstu.ru Makhotaeva Marina makhotaeva@mail.ru Nikolaev Mikhail fef-sp.ucoz.ru Influence of the resource potential of the region on the level of financial stability The possibilities of effective use of regional resources are largely determined by the level of financial stability, which also plays an important role in overcoming depression and in ensuring the stable development of regional socio-economic systems. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of the resource potential of the region on the level of financial stability and to substantiate the directions of its improvement in the context of typologized groups of regions. The analysis of scientific literature showed that when determining the financial stability of the region, a budget component is distinguished, which is characterized by solvency, budget balance and the level of financial independence of the regional budget, and an economic component, determined by the stable pace of economic development and the availability of investment resources to ensure expanded reproduction. The structuring of the resource potential made it possible to identify the following components: economic, investment, financial, innovative, production and labor potential. Clustering of 85 subjects of the Russian Federation by the size of resource potential and debt level using the k-means method made it possible to divide the regions into six groups. At the same time, for most of the regions, increasing financial stability is associated with increasing resource potential. The analysis showed that the solution to this problem is associated with the formation of a favorable investment climate and the development of production potential. The study of the dynamics of investments and industrial production made it possible to substantiate the directions for increasing the financial stability of regions in the context of the six identified clusters. For most of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the issue of ensuring financial stability is relevant. The exception is a small group of regions with high potential and low debt level. At the same time, these regions are also interested in improving financial stability, which, in particular, makes it possible to allocate additional resources to solve urgent socio-economic problems, as well as to conduct countercyclical budget policy. Increasing the financial stability of regions with low potential should be carried out on the basis of creating conditions for socio-economic development through the optimal use of the unique resources of the territories. 10.18721/JE.17607 332.1 debt burden investments cluster potential industrial production region financial stability https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.7/ 07_Nikolaev%2C-Mahotaeva%2C-Babkin.pdf

RAR RUS 125-144 7005476276 0000-0002-8228-3109 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Glukhov Vladimir vicerector.me@spbstu.ru

195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Pupentsova Svetlana pupentsova@spbgpu-dreem.ru Formation of the concept of holistic management of assets and value of organizations in conditions of economic instability Under the pressure of sanctions, modern domestic management is going through a turbulent time: the rules of the game, the composition of market participants, and the scale of the playing field are changing. The new reality requires the realization that there is nothing permanent in the surrounding world, which forces to apply completely new approaches to corporate governance, information security, strengthening competitive positions and attracting investments. The elements of the concepts of value management and sustainable development of organizations, risk management and innovation management considered in the article are developing separately. But modern organizations need an integrated holistic approach to management that combines the above concepts. The analysis uses general scientific methods of comparative analysis of the main provisions, systematization of data and generalization of domestic and foreign experience of modern management concepts. The purpose of the study is to form the concept of holistic approach to the management of assets and value of organizations, ensuring sustainable development in the context of economic instability. The article presents the analysis of scientific publications in the field of concepts of value management of organizations, the concept of social responsibility and sustainable development, innovation and risk management. The authors have developed a system of principles and presented their own definition of holistic management of assets and value of organizations that ensures sustainable development in the context of economic instability. Future research on the development of methodological recommendations of the main provisions of the concept of holistic management of assets and value of organizations can be based on the results obtained in this study. 10.18721/JE.17608 654.07: 332.622: 004.413.4 value management concept sustainable development of organizations risk management innovation management market value https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.8/ 08_Gluhov%2C-Pupentsova.pdf

REV RUS 145-164 Krasova Elena elena_krasova@rambler.ru Measurement and assessment of human resources in information economy: substantive and methodological aspect The article deals with substantive and methodological aspects of measuring and assessing human resources, one of the main factors of the information economy development, in which productivity and quality of life are closely related to human resource development and the conditions that determine it. Given the importance of an objective assessment of human resources, which is one of the tools for managing socio-economic processes, improving the methodological base in this area remains relevant even in the context of a variety of existing approaches and methodological options. The purpose of the article is to review and analyze the existing methodological base for assessing human resources at the country (regional) level, as well as to form a substantive basis for our own methodology. The information base of the article is the most relevant and cited works of Russian and foreign scientists published in the 2000–2020s. The review and analysis of the works revealed methodological similarity of the studies, diversity of used indicators, diversity of criteria for grouping indicators, interdisciplinarity of measurements, consideration of human resources as a factor determining economic development, consideration of the factor of informatization (digitalization) of the economy. The following weaknesses of the existing methodical base were identified: lack of a unified understanding of the category of “human resources” and some related categories, complexity of selecting indicators and indirectness of assessments, mixing different types of indicators in one measurement procedure, shift towards assessing the socio-demographic component, underestimation of feedback in the interaction of human resources with the economic, social, institutional environment, underdeveloped synthesis of traditional and digital methods. Based on the analysis results, the substantive part of the author’s methodology has been formed, which includes an improved methodological approach to assessing human resources of a country (region), as well as an assessment algorithm, a system of initial indicators and a set of calculated integral parameters corresponding to this approach. The developed methodology will allow assessing the human resources through the activity of forming necessary infrastructure, accumulation and use (assessment of processes), as well as through the levels of formation and efficiency of using human resources (assessment of states). 10.18721/JE.17609 332.02 human resources human resource measurement human resource assessment human resource assessment methods information economy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.9/ 09_Krasova.pdf

RAR RUS 165-180 Bobylev Georgiy georgiybobylev@gmail.com An open platform for agent-based modeling of spatial economics: conceptual framework and practical application The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop agent-based modeling (ABM), especially in the context of creating complex models covering several industries and regions. The key problems in this area include the low speed of model development and their insufficient connection with real-world processes. This work aims to address these problems related to the development of agent-based models (AB models) of spatial economics. Additionally, the study is aimed at systematizing the experience and knowledge of the author team in the field of ABM platforms. The goal of the research is to develop a conceptual framework for an open platform for agent-based modeling of spatial economics (OPABMSE). The work is comprehensive and is based on a systemic and structural approach and draws on, among others, the following areas of scientific literature: issues of development of digital and software platforms, application of ABM in decision support and decision-making systems, digital and spatial economics, application of agent-based multiregional input-output models for analyzing the Russian economy. The paper introduces a new definition of OPABMSE as an instrumental and infrastructural digital platform with an open architecture based on software for developing AB models. The platform is designed for joint work of a large community of researchers on large AB models of the Russian economy and the provision of ABM services. A conceptual framework for OPABMSE is proposed, which takes into account the external environment, information infrastructure, and users from industry, economic science and education, as well as government bodies. The main structural elements of the platform are described. The use of OPABMSE is very promising due to its potential in solving a wide range of scientific and applied problems. This platform can be used as part of a decision support and decision-making system in economy. OPABMSE will help government bodies and industry representatives analyze the possible consequences of making certain decisions. Economic science and education will be able to use OPABMSE to solve various problems in the field of spatial economics. This platform can become a useful tool for research work when writing graduate qualification papers in economic specialties. The proposed conceptual framework for OPABMSE has the potential for further practical implementation. 10.18721/JE.17610 332.1 agent-based modeling spatial economics digital platform regional economy https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.110.10/ 10_Bobilev.pdf