2782-6015 17 2 2024 1-189

RAR RUS 7-26 Shepelin Gennady line75@yandex.ru The formation the concept of the digital transformation of economic entities Research aims and objectives. One of the important modes of transport is water transport. The article describes the current state of water transport in Russia within the framework of the development of digital technologies and reveals the problems and challenges of economic entities of water transport. It also describes the issues of forming the concept of digital transformation for the water transport industry, which highlights key aspects of planning, implementation and scaling of digital solutions with an emphasis on specific features of this industry. Innovative approaches in the field of water transport are considered, which, according to the author, will contribute to increasing economic efficiency and improving the sustainability, safety, and environmental activities of the industry. Materials and methods. The research applies institutional, systemic approaches to proposals for building the foundations of the concept of a strategy for the digital transformation of economic entities on the example of water transport activities. Results. To implement the concept of digital transformation, the Program for the Development of Information Technologies of Economic Subjects of Water Transport should be developed, which will become the technological basis of digital transformation and determine the main directions for the development of the technical and infrastructure base to ensure the implementation of digital transformation, in particular: information technology organizations, telecommunications, infrastructure, use of domestic software, – as well as determine priority digital technologies for economic entities of water transport. Conclusion. The development of the concept of digital transformation for water transport enterprises represents not only a technological shift, but also an integrated approach to business process optimization, improving efficiency and increasing competitiveness in today’s dynamic environment. To successfully implement digital technologies, it is necessary to take into account not only technical aspects, but also cultural and organizational changes. Employee engagement, cybersecurity, as well as the continually updating of the strategy taking into account the dynamically changing digital environment – those are the key components of successful digital transformation. Digital transformation in water transport not only increases the efficiency of enterprises, but also contributes to the development of the industry as a whole. 10.18721/JE.17201 338 digital transformation digital transformation strategy economic entities water transporty https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.1/ 01_Shepelin.pdf

RAR RUS 27-43 Ponyaeva Irina babocha1@mail.ru Reference model for managing the digital transformation of an organization Relevance. Digital transformation has been identified as one of the main trends and catalyst for the country’s scientific and technological development for the next decade. From a management point of view, the process of digital transformation requires a phased and strategic elaboration of steps and an associated system of strategic development targets, including monitoring the achievement of set goals. Taking into account the growing number of technologies and their specificity, it is necessary to combine all factors and elements of the system and formulate the most complete definition of a model for managing the digital transformation of an organization. Aim of the study. Development of a reference model for managing the digital transformation of an organization. This study is aimed at complementing the existing literature on managing the digital transformation of an organization. Research objectives. 1. Conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in the field of managing digital transformation of an organization, identify top fields of study. 2. Identify key research topics in the field of managing digital transformation of an organization through structuring scientific publications. 3. Present and characterize the components of the reference model for managing the digital transformation of an organization. Materials and methods. To achieve the aim, a search and theoretical analysis of scientific literature, collection of information from open sources with identification of relevant information, processing and systematic analysis of the data obtained were carried out. To carry out the bibliometric analysis, the Lens.org database was chosen as the most accessible and fairly extensive research platform. The data obtained by filtering (1184 out of 4858 scientific publications) were processed using artificial intelligence using Atlas nomic in order to structure the research and identify key topics. To present the results, a system of general scientific methods and approaches was used: abstract-logical and structural-logical analysis, system analysis, graphic and cartographic methods. Results. Based on the results of a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in the field of managing the digital transformation of an organization, fields of study were identified, among which the top were: business (686 publications), computer science (570 publications), process management (309 publications), and business models (286 publications). Structuring the final sample of scientific publications made it possible to identify key topics in the field of managing the digital transformation of an organization: digitalization, uncertainty, leadership, business process management, business strategy, servitization, multi-agent systems, diagnostics, productivity improvement, blockchain technologies, cloud, etc. According to the results of the study, the reference model for managing the digital transformation of an organization, developed by the author, included the following components: a control subsystem, which, through digital transformation, had a direct impact on the managed subsystem of the organization (business processes / business model). Other components were legal regulation, digital technologies, infrastructure, etc. The recommendations presented can be useful from a theoretical and practical point of view when creating and implementing an organization’s digital transformation strategy. Conclusions. As the results show, in recent years there has been a progressive interest in studying the issues of managing the digital transformation of organizations, which must be approached from the point of view of an integrated system. The effectiveness of this process directly depends on well-developed plans and budgets, taking into account strategic and operational risks, assessing changes and taking improvement measures at all levels of transformation. Directions for further research. Future research could be built on the results obtained by developing methodological support for the digital transformation of an organization, taking into account strategic priorities. In addition, future research could include questions about the key digital competencies required to achieve organizations’ strategic digital transformation priorities, examining how knowledge and skill sets change over time as organizations adapt and learn from their digital transformation experiences. 10.18721/JE.17202 658:338.2 digital transformation management organization business process model strategy system bibliometric analysis https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.2/ 02_Ponyaeva.pdf

REV RUS 44-66 56502340400 0000-0002-1685-2625 Russian State University for the Humanities Vertakova Yulia vertakova@rambler.ru

Miusskaya sq. 6, Moscow, 125047, Russia

Loginov Ivan The balanced development of the region: review using scoping review methodology The authors of this article have conducted scoping review (ScR) of scientific publications on the balanced development of the region. The ScR method included a search for literature on the topic under study, a demarcation of the category under study, a study of the genesis of definitions of the balanced development of the region, a generalization of the methods used, a search for gaps in ongoing research and a formation of the author's principles of the balanced development of the region. Also the authors have borrowed the approaches and methods of other researchers, they have applied the monographic method and content analysis, which made it possible to propose the author's concept of the balanced development of the region. The study of the content of the selected publications led to the conclusion that the theoretical and applied aspects of the balanced development of the region as a complex socio-economic system remain insufficiently studied and partially controversial. These aspects also overlap with other economic definitions. The comparative analysis of research undertaken by Russian and foreign scientists has shown the lack of generally accepted universal approaches, tools and mechanisms used to solve regional problems of the balanced development in the new unstable economic conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to review and search for new, alternative conceptual and methodological approaches to ensure the balanced development of the region. The conducted review will contribute to a better interpretation of the term “balance”, the expansion of the conceptual-categorical apparatus and the growth of interest of the researchers to the topic under study. Although it is an overview, the bibliographic sources were chosen not subjectively by searching the library catalogs, but by using the ScR method (overview of the subject field). The study made it possible to systematize specific and general principles of the balanced development of the region in the conditions of turbulence of the external environment. At the same time the research made it possible to clarify certain conceptual provisions of the balanced regional development (the multivariability and dynamism of the processes in the region, the need to quickly respond and maintain balance under the influence of the external environment, the need for compromise interaction between all participants in economic processes, the respect for the interests of the territory and the country as a whole, the compliance of the region’s capabilities to its resource potential, the spatial integrity of the region). An assessment of the balanced development of regions is necessary to ensure the successful implementation of projects related to the development of regions. It allows you to make rational decisions related to the expenditure of budget funds and to formulate a development strategy to minimize the risk. 10.18721/JE.17203 332.01 ScR methodology balance region balanced development principles content analysis demarcation concept https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.3/ 03_Vertakova%2C-Loginov.pdf

RAR RUS 67-85 56436586400 0000-0003-3042-7550 Penza State University Gamidullaeva Leyla Vornovskaia Anastasiya An approach to determining “smart specialization” of regions using big data technology Relevance and goal. The relevance of this work is due to the need of finding effective approaches to determining the long-term structure of the regional economy for an alternative strategy for making management decisions in order to ensure balanced development of the internal territory. The research analyzes the capabilities of big data technology and demonstrates promising analytical tools for more effective use of the “smart specialization” approach in order to determine industry priorities for the structural transformation of regional economies. Materials and methods. The research is based on general scientific (induction, deduction, comparison, system-structural, etc.) and special research methods – big data analysis of the social network VKontakte, comparative analysis, analysis of the regulatory framework. This study was carried out using materials from two regions of the Russian Federation: Kaliningrad oblast and Penza oblast. Resources such as portal “RosNavyk”, social network VK, analytical platform PolyAnalyst were used. The data sources were the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025 and HeadHunter.ru, a website providing job search and recruitment services. Results. The authors obtained the following specific results: firstly, promising sectors of the regions were identified, taking into account the main parameters of the labor market; secondly, the authors conducted a comparative analysis of the results obtained with the data from the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation; thirdly, a relationship between promising regional specializations and the attitude of local residents towards popular professions in the region was identified based on social media data. Conclusions. The use of end-to-end big data technology to identify promising specializations in the region opens up new opportunities in this area and allows to operationalize the concept of “smart specialization” as a promising tool for implementing spatial development policies. The information about the attitude of local residents of the regions towards certain professions is of high value from the point of view of further connecting industry priorities identified as a result of the analysis of regional contexts, as well as the research and innovation potential that they possess, with the views and expectations of participants in regional economic systems. The practical use of this approach will allow to make effective management decisions and pursue a balanced industry policy that takes into account current patterns emerging in the labor market and the attitude of the region's population towards certain professions. Stakeholders of this information may be universities, employers, professional communities and associations, regional authorities, as well as relevant ministries and departments. 10.18721/JE.17204 332, 353 smart specialization” regional economic specializations promising industry structure RosNavyk big data analysis social network analysis labor market parameters https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.4/ 04_Gamidullaeva%2C-Voronovskaya.pdf

RAR RUS 86-99 Khmeleva Galina Dynamics of import dependence of Russian regions: resistance to autarky The spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation aims for a balanced and sustainable development of the country focused on accelerating the pace of economic and technological development. The Government of the Russian Federation is implementing accelerated sectoral import substitution measures. However, the unprecedented sanctions pressure and the growing threat of secondary sanctions in 2022–2023 rise questions about the risks of regional recessions towards an autarkic model of economy rather than a globalist one. The purpose of the study is to assess the retrospective dynamics of regional import dependence, evaluate the trend and risks of the formation of an autarkic model of economy in the Russian regions. The study was conducted on the basis of panel data for the country as a whole and the Russian regions for the period 2013–2021. To estimate the import dependence of the regional economy, the share of import in GRP, measured in US dollars at the end of the corresponding year, is used, which is adequate to the modern realities of dominance of transport, machinery, equipment and products, necessary for industry specialization, in the structure of import. The results of the study show that after the first wave of sanctions in 2014, the trend of replacing the German direction of supplies with machinery from China began to develop. Even with growing geopolitical risks, regions were in no hurry to curtail international trade. Moreover, regions with high shares of import tend to have highly developed industries. Even with the increasing import dependence in the period under review, many of them managed to successfully cope with the sanctions challenge and showed the growth of industrial production in the region above the Russian average. These circumstances, in our view, indicate support for the “open model” of the economy, which is firmly rooted in the economy of the Russian regions and should be supported by domestic investment in the projects of technological sovereignty, development of human capital in order to create competitive export-oriented products using domestic equipment. This would reduce import dependence through export-oriented import substitution. Further research could study problems caused by the import of services and the accessibility of qualified services for the activities of regional economic entities. 10.18721/JE.17205 332.05 import dependence region import dynamics import structure import substitution open model closed model autarky https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.5/ 05_Hmeleva.pdf

RAR RUS 100-130 V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

57190260598 0000-0001-6888-1981 V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University Kirilchuk Svetlana skir12@yandex.ru

Prospekt Vernadskogo 4 , Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295007

Nalivaychenko Ekaterina The paradox of the consumer economy as a source of financing for investments in the development of Industry 4.0/5.0 The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between consumption and investment in the context of digital transformation and identify possible factors affecting the investment climate and their trends; to demonstrate the essence of the paradox of the consumer economy as a source of Industry 4.0/5.0 development and to determine the further focus of case studies. The methodology of the research: The basis of the study was the method of statistical analysis of time series of corresponding indicators of the economy of the Russian Federation, followed by economic and mathematical modeling using correlation, regression models and analysis of variance. The results of the research: The chains of growth of household final consumption expenditures in connection with income growth (average monthly nominal accrued wages) were calculated, and it was shown that, in turn, consumption growth stimulates the flow of the investments into fixed assets, which multiplicatively increases the gross domestic product. Originality and contribution of the authors: based on an analytical calculation for the period 1999–2023, the paradox of the consumer economy with the development of Industry 4.0/5.0 was presented. The consumption of goods and services, contributing to the development of the economy and increasing the incomes of enterprises, can simultaneously have a negative impact on savings and investments. It was revealed that intensive consumption is a source of income for companies and allows them to invest in the digital development of innovations, but it can also lead to insufficient savings for investments in the future, especially in conditions of inflation and crises. Modeling of macroeconomic processes revealed the dynamics and allowed to compare changes in the studied indicators, which led to the following conclusions: The effective use of income from consumption as a source of investment financing allows companies to successfully innovate and contributes to the creation of competitive advantages and sustainable economic development. The paradox of the consumer economy can become not only a problem of excessive consumption, but also a real opportunity for the development of Industry 4.0/5.0. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to find a balance between consumption and investment, and companies must actively innovate and improve their activities in order to remain competitive in the market and increase demand for their products and services. This thesis will form the content of the authors' further research in this direction. 10.18721/JE.17206 330.322.012 consumer economy Industry 4.0/5.0 digital technologies investments savings fixed assets labor productivity https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.6/ 06_Babkin%2C-Kirilchuk%2C-Nalivaychenko.pdf

RAR RUS 131-146 Tatarovsky Yury Research of the quantity, composition and quality of information disclosed by backbone enterprises (on the example of the Samara region) One of the most important strategic challenges faced by enterprises today is that, on the one hand, prerequisites are emerging at the institutional level that require disclosure not only of accounting (financial) reporting data, but also a large amount of non-financial information. An enterprise that is active in the information environment and demonstrates the transparency of its activities is trusted by a large number of stakeholders, which leads to their active involvement in its activities. On the other hand, excessive disclosure of information is a significant threat to the economic security of a business, and requires significant costs for organizing accounting, reporting and control. The object of the research is the information disclosed by the backbone enterprises of the Samara region. The purpose of the study was to obtain an objective assessment of the quantity and quality of information disclosed by enterprises. The results of the study were obtained as part of the approbation of the methodology developed by the author for assessing the quantity and quality of information disclosed by enterprises (using the example of the backbone enterprises of the Samara region) in the form of quantitative indicators and serve as the basis for a discussion on the expediency and scale of disclosure by enterprises of information about their activities. 10.18721/JE.17207 332.1 disclosure of information stakeholders economic security backbone enterprises accounting (financial) reporting corporate reporting non-financial information risks https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.7/ 07_Tatarovskiy.pdf

RAR RUS 147-162 Klimin Anastasiy a-klimin@yandex.ru Teslya Anna antes@list.ru Tikhonov Dmitry tihdm@rambler.ru Klimin Egor. Analysis of the use of the blue ocean strategy in Russian companies This article is devoted to the analysis of modern strategic management tools used by Russian managers and entrepreneurs, focusing particularly on the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS). An analysis of the literature revealed a relatively low level of publications devoted to the BOS, low citation rates, and the presence of system errors. All this determined the research objective: to assess the familiarity level of practitioners with the BOS. Other research objectives were: ranking the popularity and prominence of various business development strategies, evaluating the application level of the BOS by practicing managers, identifying barriers to the use of the BOS and explaining the insufficient level of use of the BOS in domestic practice. A working hypothesis has been put forward: practicing specialists in Russia are poorly familiar with the BOS and are not ready to apply it in practice. Anonymous interviewing technology using the on-line tool Yandex.Forms was chosen as a research tool. In the survey took part master's students of the Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade (of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University) in the field of study “Management” of full-time and part-time study, including online master's students, as well as participants in the Presidential Management Training Program for Organizations and Enterprises of the Russian Federation. The questionnaire contained 16 questions, and out of 201 completed questionnaires 168 (corresponded to the target audience) were selected: respondents should be familiar with Russian business or have work experience and also be familiar with the BOS (the source of their knowledge could be personal initiative or the educational process). The survey results confirmed the working hypothesis and assessed the level of use of the BOS. Barriers preventing its application by Russian practitioners were identified and systematized, including insufficient level of proficiency in the BOS methodology by domestic managers, lack of examples of using BOS in Russian business, the requirement for a radical revision of the organization's overall development strategy during the transition to the BOS. The study also identified directions for further research. 10.18721/JE.17208 338.1 Blue Ocean Strategy BOS strategic management models value innovation competition https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.8/ 08_Klimin%2C-Teslya%2C-Tihonov%2C-Klimin.pdf

RAR RUS 163-175 Malevskaya-Malevich Ekaterina A systematic approach and framework for assessing ESG ratings of industrial enterprises and ecosystems In the modern world, the concept of a “green economy” is becoming increasingly important, becoming a key aspect of the sustainable development strategy. Global challenges associated with climate change, depletion of natural resources and the threat of environmental crises require new approaches to organizing economic processes. In this study, we focus on the concept of a green economy, viewing it in the context of social, economic and environmental sustainability. In our research, by “green economy” we mean an integrated approach to organizing economic processes, including the efficient use of natural resources, the transition to low-carbon technologies and the creation of environmentally sustainable jobs. This definition allows us to take into account a wide range of aspects related to the economy, society and the environment. To measure these aspects, so-called ESG ratings are used. The purpose of the study is a model methodology for assessing ESG ratings of industrial enterprises and ecosystems. Research objectives Define the concept of industrial ecosystem in the context of the study. Determine the role of the industrial ecosystem in the development of a green economy model and the transition to sustainable development. To characterize the current situation of ESG rating of industrial enterprises in Russia. Determine the level of financing for the transition to sustainable development of industrial enterprises in Russia. To propose a methodological approach to assessing ESG ratings of industrial enterprises and ecosystems. Based on the results of the study, the following results were achieved: The current position of ESG rating of industrial enterprises in Russia is characterized, trends of reorientation from international to domestic and Asian standards are identified with the further potential entry of Russian issuers into the Asian stock market. The current level of financing the transition to sustainable development of industrial enterprises in Russia has been determined to be still not high enough, which is confirmed by statistics of investment in fixed assets of enterprises aimed at environmental protection measures. A model methodology for assessing ESG ratings of industrial enterprises and ecosystems is proposed, based on the recommendations of the Bank of Russia and taking into account the special synergistic effect of industrial ecosystems. 10.18721/JE.17209 338.45.01 green economy industrial ecosystem industrial enterprise ESG rating sustainable development environmental sustainability https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.9/ 09_Malevskaya-Malevich.pdf

RAR RUS 176-189 Kushnir Polina Radaev Anton TW-inc@yandex.ru Tashenova Larisa Model of justification of project portfolio characteristics based on binary optimization tools Modern conditions of development of the construction industry are characterized by tightening requirements for the duration and timing of the construction of residential and commercial projects. The formation of a portfolio of construction projects implemented within certain time intervals is one of the most important tasks solved within specialized (construction) organizations to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of both the relevant technological processes and the processes of developing the infrastructure of large settlements, which has a significant impact on the economic indicators of individual territorial regions. The purpose of the research is to develop tools for solving the problem of justifying the characteristics of a portfolio of construction projects, implemented by a specialized organization over a certain time period. The subject of the research is the characteristics of the above-mentioned project portfolio in terms of indicators of the feasibility of implementing (inclusion in the portfolio) individual projects, the duration and cost of implementing the project portfolio. During the research process the methods of system analysis and statistical processing of information were used, as well as integer linear optimization considering the requirements of binarity for the values of unknown variables. A review and analysis of scientific developments in the field of substantiating the characteristics of a portfolio of construction projects implemented by specialized organizations was carried out, during which shortcomings in existing methods were identified: the lack of a formalized description of tools and the presence of low practical significance due to the lack of consideration of features characteristic of the construction industry. During the research process an optimization model has been developed to determine the characteristics of a portfolio of construction projects implemented by a specialized organization over a certain time period; the model has a linear structure, contains binary constraints for the values of unknown variables, and therefore can be implemented with the use of the branch-and-bound method available in modern optimization modeling software environments. The developed optimization model was implemented using a practical example; based on the results obtained, a conclusion has been made about the high practical significance of the developed tool. 10.18721/JE.17210 519.863 optimization model binary optimization modeling construction project project portfolio https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.106.10/ 10_Kushnir%2C-Radaev%2C-Tashenova.pdf