π-Economy

RAR RUS 7-25 57222509570 0000-0002-1801-4326 Tashkent state university of economics Makhmudova Guljahon guljaxon0038@gmail.com Gulomova Nigora Unlocking the potential of the digital economy in the EAEU countries: identifying and overcoming obstacles In this research work, the conditions of digitalization in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union are considered. The essence and trends of the digital strategy of the EAEU are revealed, in particular, the emphasis is placed on its structural composition. We analyzed digital indicators by comparative analysis. The foreign experience in the field of problem solving in the process of digital transformation of the economy was studied as well. The features and constraining factors for the development of digital transformation of economic sectors are determined, and on their basis scientific conclusions are drawn on the formation of a single digital space of the EAEU. Scientific conclusions are made for the further development of the digital economy by studying the features and constraints of the development of digital transformation in various sectors of the economy of the EAEU. Digitalization is one of the dominant processes of modern economic development both at the national level and globally. Because of this, digital transformation is seen as the main agenda for the Eurasian Economic Union, facilitating the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital between member states. The EAEU creates the appropriate conditions for the member countries to fulfill the key statutory tasks in all areas of the country's foreign and domestic economic activities. This is confirmed by the significant growth of macroeconomic indicators following the results of the first five-year period. The EAEU gross domestic product at purchasing power parity (GDP at PPP) increased by 13%, GDP per capita by 12%, the unemployment rate decreased by 12%, investment in fixed assets increased by 19%. The volume of mutual trade of the EAEU in November 2019 amounted to 5,628.8 million US dollars. By November 2018, its value increased by 11.3% or $572.3 million, or by 5.9% or $315.6 million compared to the previous month. For Kazakhstan, the growth rate compared to 2018 was 123.7% (USD 598.2 million) Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to study the regional challenges and opportunities of the member countries of the EAEU in the sector of digital economy. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the barriers, problems in the field of digitalization and to provide scientific and practical conclusions on their solutions. Research methods. In the process of research, structural-system approaches, classification, logical method, scientific abstraction, generalization method were used. Using these methods together made it possible to carry out a comprehensive and complex analysis of the studied area, to make theoretical generalizations, to formulate practical recommendations and conclusions. 10.18721/JE.16401 658 digital economy digitalization digital transformation digital strategy EAEU countries digitalization indicators threats https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.102.1/ 01_Mahmudova%2C-Gulomova.pdf

RAR RUS 26-40 Dolgova Olga Nikitaeva Anastasia Simulation modeling of business processes of industrial companies in the context of Industry 4.0 Optimization of business processes helps to increase the efficiency of the enterprise by reducing the production time, the number of operations performed with the product and the number of people involved in the process, which allows you to significantly reduce the cost and at the same time retain product quality. One of the most common and effective methods of improving business processes is simulation modeling. This technology allows you not only to visually display the structure, but also to simulate the behavior of the system over time. This study focuses on the study of the possibilities of using simulation modeling to manage business processes of companies in the industrial sector in the context of Industry 4.0. In order to assess the relevance and practice of modeling in management and the use of modeling in industry, an analysis of world publications by the PRISMA method was conducted. Based on the results of this analysis, two main types of publications were identified: universal studies, the results of which can be used in modeling business processes of industrial companies from various sectors of the economy; highly specialized publications aimed at researching fairly specific business processes. In order to find out which simulation methods are the most suitable for modeling various types of business processes, industrial enterprise processes were classified by the type of the most suitable simulation methodology. These developments can be applied to simplify the process of choosing the type of simulation modeling for solving various organizational and managerial tasks. For demonstration purposes, a simulation model of the supply chain was developed, which allows you to track the ability of existing industrial enterprises to fulfill orders for the supply of products to customers in full, and also helps to choose the best location for a branch or warehouse. The functionality of geoinformation systems used in the model allows us not only to visually display the process of delivering products to consumers, but also to calculate transport costs, since vehicles in the model move along a route similar to the real one. 10.18721/JE.16402 338.32.053 simulation modeling business processes digital technologies agent modeling logistics model simulation techniques industrial enterprise industry 4.0 https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.102.2/ 02_Dolgova%2C-Nikitaeva.pdf

RAR RUS 41-59 V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

55801324500 0000-0001-5877-9342 Volgograd State Technical University Merzlikina Galina merzlikina@vstu.ru

28, Lenina Ave., Volgograd, Russia, 400005

Goodwill architecture in sustainable development concept and ESG agenda The need to preserve the environment for future generations determines the importance of scientific research in the field of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development, formulated by the UN in 1987, the sustainable development goals, formulated by 2015, determined the main parameters of the economic development of countries, regions, and companies. Formation of the ESG agenda (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) made companies report specifically on sustainable development and invest in ESG, which suggests special preferences for investors to companies that comply with the principles of sustainable development; all this has resulted in new benchmarks in building and maintaining the reputation of companies. Goodwill characterizes the level of the company's reputation, it is known to business appraisers, but financial statements reflect it only under certain circumstances. Various types of goodwill are discussed (zoological, colored, external/internal), but the existing classifications of goodwill do not imply its functional varieties. In the context of the implementation of the ESG agenda, a new content of goodwill is also expected, it is necessary to identify new components of goodwill for their operational assessment and management. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the new content, new components of goodwill in the context of sustainable development and the implementation of the ESG agenda. In the course of the study, the main provisions of the concept of sustainable development and the ESG agenda, the theory of enterprise management, the theory of estimating the value of goodwill, intangible assets, set out in the works of famous Russian and foreign scientists were used. We analyzed the goals and objectives of sustainable development and the implementation of the ESG agenda; on the basis of a comparative analysis of definitions, the concepts of "brand", "image", "reputation", "business reputation", "goodwill" were differentiated. It was revealed that sustainability reporting currently determines the value of the company's business reputation, the value of goodwill. It is determined that only goodwill can testify to the successful business reputation of the company, can be evaluated and measured, and, accordingly, managed. As the main scientific result, we developed a new goodwill architecture called "House of ESG-goodwill" in the context of sustainable development and the implementation of the ESG agenda, which included basic types of goodwill (environmental goodwill, social goodwill and managerial goodwill), as well as digital goodwill and innovative goodwill "penetrating through the basic components of goodwill". The definition of a new composition, the content of goodwill will make it possible to more clearly define the goals and objectives of sustainable development, evaluate the components of goodwill and manage them. Directions for further research: development of principles for the formation of basic and "penetrating" types of goodwill in the context of sustainable development and the implementation of the ESG agenda, the formation of methods for differentiating types of goodwill and their evaluation. 10.18721/JE.16403 621:319.23 sustainable development ESG agenda non-financial reporting goodwill reputation https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.102.3/ 03_Babkin%2C-Merzlikina.pdf

REV RUS 60-78 Liu Yai Zaretskaya Vera 56502340400 0000-0002-1685-2625 Russian State University for the Humanities Vertakova Yulia vertakova@rambler.ru

Miusskaya sq. 6, Moscow, 125047, Russia

Assessment of regional differentiation according to the dynamics of the main economic indicators and the level of their convergence Relevance. Regional differentiation refers to differences or diversity among different regions within a single country or territory. This may include differences in economic development, infrastructure, living standards, and other factors. The relevance of the research into regional differentiation is connected with the need for the state to build a single economic, social and cultural space within the country. The assessment of interregional differentiation is an important aspect for understanding the socio-economic development of a country or region, developing regional strategies and implementing state regulation measures. The purpose of the research is to study the dynamics of economic indicators (GDP per capita, investment, income, standard of living, etc.) in various subjects of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in terms of their initial homogeneity, convergence or divergence. The object of this study is economic indicators characterizing economic and social processes in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the context of regions (provinces). The subject of the study is an approach to the study of regional inequality in the dynamics of the main economic indicators and the level of their convergence. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the successful development of the state as an economic system ensures a gradual convergence of the main indicators of socio-economic development of the regions. Research methods. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as special methods of economic and statistical research (summary, grouping, correlation and regression analysis) were used. Results. The article considers the uneven distribution of benefits in the territorial, regional context. It is shown that striking economic inequality poses a threat to the territorial integrity of the country. Using the example of the provinces of the People's Republic of China, we analyzed the main economic indicators (the level of GDP per capita, indicators of investment, income, standard of living, etc.) in various territories of the country in terms of their initial homogeneity and convergence (or divergence) and compared them with the Russian Federation. A set of coefficients was used as methodological tools: the Gini coefficient; the Theil index; β-convergence and coefficient of variation. Conclusions. We proved that the successful development of the state as an economic system provides a gradual convergence of the main indicators of socio-economic development of the regions. Directions for further research: the formation of measures of state influence aimed at reducing regional differentiation, not from the point of view of reducing regional inequality in the development of productive forces, the material base of production, but from the point of view of the inadmissibility of sharp regional differences in the social living conditions of the population. 10.18721/JE.16404 33.332 region differentiation convergence divergence Russia China https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.102.4/ 04_Lyu%2C-Zaretskaya%2C-Vertakova.pdf

RAR RUS 79-93 Xie Xiaowen Assessment of the impact of artificial intelligence on the substantive innovations of enterprises The digitalization of industry is a hot topic marking the entry into a new era of industrialization. The combination of enterprise management and digital technology has become an important task of modern enterprise management. Against such a backdrop, the application of various digital technologies has changed the production, marketing and other functions of enterprises. Artificial intelligence is an important means of realizing the digitalization of enterprises. At the international online conference AI Journey 2022, the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin stated the need to implement artificial intelligence in the economy, social sphere and in the activities of government agencies. According to him, "the importance of breakthroughs in the field of artificial intelligence is colossal". At present, scientific research to assess the impact of the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies on the innovative activity of enterprises is of great interest. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the impact of the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies on the performance of substantive innovation enterprises based on the data of Chinese exchange-listed enterprises from 2012 to 2019. Based on the literature analysis, the main hypothesis of the paper is that artificial intelligence technologies have a positive impact on the substantive innovation in enterprises. To assess the impact of artificial intelligence technologies, the paper uses a statistical model with fixed effects. The fixed effects model was constructed based on the Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) method. To decide on the selection of initial, control and resultant variables, the research results of Li Wenqian et al. were used. The results of the study showed that artificial intelligence technology has a positive effect the substantive innovation in enterprises. These findings were confirmed by the result of robustness and non-homogeneity test. The results of the non-homogeneity test showed significant differences in the impact of AI technologies on substantive innovations in enterprises with different forms of ownership. The most significant influence of AI technologies on substantive innovation was found in private enterprises, followed by the second most significant influence on substantive innovation in state-owned enterprises and insignificant influence in Sino-foreign joint ventures. The results of this study can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of artificial intelligence technology in other industries. 10.18721/JE.16405 338.1 artificial intelligence substantive innovation digital transformation Patent applications for inventions information systems enterprises of various forms of ownership https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.102.5/ 05_Se-Syaoven.pdf

RAR RUS 94-107 Petruchenya Irina Tolerance to risks in the methodology of assessing the economic security of an enterprise In an unstable and volatile external environment, increased economic sanctions and competition, economic security issues come to the fore for every business entity. The need to develop a methodology for assessing the level of economic security is associated with the need for enterprises to respond to the manifestations of various influences, including risk determinants, and as a result adapt and change under the influence of external and internal environmental factors. The analysis of existing methods for assessing the level of economic security allowed us to identify a number of methodological problems. Among them, there is belittling of the importance of the risk assessment procedure, including the lack of consideration for the acceptable level of risk acceptability, which reduces the degree of accuracy of risk assessment, and as a result, affects the value of the level of economic security of the enterprise. The purpose of this article was to develop a methodology for assessing the level of economic security of an enterprise from the position of tolerance to risks arising in the course of its activities. The proposed methodology for determining the level of economic security of an enterprise is based on focusing on the identification, risk assessment and determination of the critical boundaries of the "acceptability" of risk – the zone of tolerance of the enterprise to risks. The article proposes a method for constructing a tolerance line based on the Cobb–Douglas utility function. According to the methodology, the tolerance line is determined based on the risk appetite established by the enterprise: the losses, damage that the enterprise is ready to incur. The use of this technique allows a more objective assessment of the acceptability of risks for each enterprise. Building a line of tolerance in the risk management process makes it possible to better understand the materiality of the occurrence of a particular risk entailing damage, and the ability of an economic entity to survive in the conditions if the risk is realized. Based on the application of a scenario approach to determining risk tolerance, an enterprise can make certain management decisions that allow both to prevent the occurrence of damage and to increase profits, which generally increases the economic security of the enterprise. 10.18721/JE.16406 658.18 risk tolerance; assessment methodology; economic security of the enterprise; sensitivity of the level of economic security; approaches to the definition of tolerance https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.102.6/ 06_Petruchenya.pdf

RAR RUS 108-120 Samokhvalov Ivan Rudakov Anton Measures minimizing the negative impact of import substitution in the implementation of high-speed railway projects The article is devoted to the potential negative consequences arising from the import substitution of equipment, materials and technologies during the implementation of projects for the creation of high-speed railways in the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the object and subject of the study, discusses the main methods and approaches to the study of this problem, and also provides the results of foreign and domestic research. The relevance of this topic is due to the need to provide effective use of state resources in the import substitution of equipment and technologies in the implementation of projects to create high-speed highways and maximize their payback. Today, the design and construction of high-speed railways is a significant technological innovation in the field of passenger land transportation, which plays an important role in the economic, scientific and technical development of the country. In the conditions of the current geopolitical situation and sanctions against the Russian Federation, the political and economic courses of the country have changed, so one of the guidelines of the state is import substitution. This vector of development of the domestic market will allow engineering companies to minimize the consequences of restrictions on the supply of high-tech equipment and materials, which play an important role in the construction of high-speed railways. However, in the context of import substitution and limited access to technologies and equipment that are involved in the design and implementation of high-speed railway projects, engineering companies also need to optimize the selection and procurement of equipment and materials. As a result of the conducted research, the author proposed the idea of creating a nomenclature base of high-tech equipment and materials, which will act as a single resource of structured, consolidated and formalized information about product samples for the design and construction of high-speed railways. The results of this study can be useful for decision-making when planning and implementing projects to create high-speed rail lines in Russia and abroad. 10.18721/JE.16407 338.24 import substitution import dependence procurement project support infrastructure projects HSR unified nomenclature base equipment and materials https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.102.7/ 07_Samohvalov%2C-Rudakov.pdf

RAR RUS 121-147 Tsatsulin Alaxander V-1094-2019 56968223000 0000-0002-0941-6358 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Babkin Alexander babkin@spbstu.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Measuring capabilities of advanced tools for analyzing the market activity of economic entities The article is devoted to the consideration of two conceptual approaches to assessing the state and prospects for the development of economic entities of the real sector of the economy using the example of the so-called "golden rule" of the economy and a balanced system of indicators connected with the relational model of database and data bank management. The object of the study is economic entities, such as traditional or digital enterprises, innovative and industrial clusters, digital clusters, cyber-physical and cyber-social ecosystems, cyber-social ecosystems of cluster type. The article is relevant because the methodology for studying the actual state of the enterprise not only helps assess the production and human potential of the economic entity in the dynamics of the analyzed period, but also provides significant assistance in long- and short-term planning of the enterprise development. It can also assist with individual development strategy in specific market and product spaces in the areas of targeted investment, innovative improvement, development of a marketing policy for product quality, sales and pricing, corporate culture, increasing market activity, strengthening business reputation and competitive positions. The studied problem was formulated and a review of literary sources was carried out regarding descriptions of the specific features of the methods of analysis of economic activity used. The objective of study is to investigate the measuring capabilities of advanced tools for analyzing the market activity of economic actors. The purpose of the study is to test the effectiveness of the methodology of approaches, the effectiveness of the tools used on the examples of enterprises of the real sector of the economy and the verification of the results of financial and economic analysis. This is done to solve the problems of designing a strategy for the development of an economic entity and taking reasonable management measures. As a tool, the index method of statistical research was used when fulfilling both the golden rule and a balanced system of typical technical and economic indicators. Calculations are summarized in tables, illustrated by graphic constructions. The results of the analysis were discussed and commented on taking into account the specific characteristics of the industry activity of the selected economic entities. The directions of further research are outlined. Conclusions were drawn regarding the similarity and difference of the considered methodologies and the prospects for their use in solving applied analysis problems were assessed. 10.18721/JE.16408 330.341 analysis tools economic actors industrial clusters cyber social ecosystems Industry 4.0/5.0 golden business rule balanced scorecard index method market activity https://economy.spbstu.ru/article/2023.102.8/ 08_Tsatsulin%2C-Babkin.pdf