In Russia, the federal project “Efficient and Competitive Economy” is being implemented, aimed at increasing enterprise labor productivity. One of the ways to improve productivity is the digitalization of production processes. The use of digital technologies together with lean manufacturing methods and tools can improve the efficiency of implemented solutions, leading to significant increase in enterprise productivity. A problem arises, which consists in the absence of models, indicators, and their criterion values, reflecting the effectiveness of managerial decisions regarding the digitalization of production processes when implementing lean manufacturing tools and methods. Russia’s light industry faces a number of challenges that contribute to its lagging behind global industry leaders. One such challenge is high production labor intensity and low labor productivity. The growth of the latter will be ensured by the introduction of lean production tools together with digital technologies. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to develop a model for managing the efficiency of digitalization of production processes at light industry enterprises, taking into account industry-specific and regional features. This study presents the author’s approach to assessing the efficiency of digitalization of production processes at light industry enterprises. This approach takes into account integral efficiency, including economic, social, production, technological, and managerial efficiencies. The study also presents a model for managing the efficiency of digitalization of production processes of light industry enterprises, taking into account the industry-specific indicators of leading regions; as well as the approbation of the presented approach and model. The study identified leading regions in light industry, including the Ivanovo, Rostov, and Ryazan oblasts. The model for managing the efficiency of digitalization of production processes of light industry enterprises was tested at a sewing enterprise that implemented RFID technology in production together with lean manufacturing tools and methods. The model’s approbation demonstrated the economic efficiency of the considered production digitalization project, and its integral efficiency indicator than the industry indicators in leading regions.