Institutional mechanisms for the implementation of scientific and technological development in the regions of Russia

The article is devoted to the analysis of institutional mechanisms for implementing scientific and technological policy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, identifying systemic constraints and substantiating possible trajectories for overcoming them based on existing national projects and programs. The authors used an institutional approach to identify limitations in supporting national projects in the regions, as well as a classification method for typologizing constituent entities of the Russian Federation by their level of institutional maturity. The analysis of national projects and the regulatory environment was carried out based on the content analysis of official documents (national project passports, methodological recommendations, the «New National Projects for the Period 2025−2030» Standard, etc.). A typology of regions by the degree of institutional readiness is presented, key risks and problems are identified. The analysis showed that the effectiveness of the implementation of national projects in the regions is largely determined not only by financial or human resources, but also by the level of institutional organization and the ability of the constituent entities to adapt federal initiatives to their own specifics. Insufficient institutionalization of coordination mechanisms, weak connectivity between participants in the innovation system and a lack of knowledge transfer infrastructure limit the scalability of project activities. The necessity of transition from a linear program-target model to an adaptive model of institutional support is substantiated. The authors discuss the advisability of forming new organizational links capable of acting as connecting mechanisms between scientific, industrial and managerial subsystems, performing functions of intermediary coordination and support of technology transfer processes within the framework of national projects. The concept of a regional consortium as a coordination platform ensuring interaction between government, business, science and society is introduced. The architecture of a regional consortium to support scientific and technological development is proposed. The advisability of developing a standard for regional support of national projects as a framework instrument for adapting the federal agenda to the conditions of specific regions is substantiated. Based on the analysis, the authors propose recommendations for improving regional scientific and technological policy in the context of national priorities and global trends. The proposed solutions are focused on reducing transaction costs, enhancing coordination, and ensuring the reproducibility of project practices in conditions of spatial asymmetry.