The article examines intellectual digital maturity as the foundation for the resilient development of an industrial enterprise within the Industry 5.0 paradigm. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, given technological limitations and the instability of the external environment, the implementation of individual digital solutions is insufficient to ensure the continuity of operations, adapt to shocks, and renew the production system. The object of the study is an innovation-active industrial enterprise operating in the context of digital transformation and the emergence of Industry 5.0. The subject of the study comprises organizational and economic relations, factors and mechanisms for the formation of intellectual digital maturity that contribute to the resilient development of the enterprise. The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical justification for the role of intellectual digital maturity in ensuring the resilient development of an industrial enterprise. The work employs the comparative method, a systems approach, methods for systematizing scientific publications, descriptive analysis and comparison of published statistical data. The study materials included domestic and foreign scientific works, regulatory and strategic documents, official statistical materials, and sectoral studies. It was established that the transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 is accompanied by a change in the goals of using digital technologies: along with efficiency, the requirements for human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience are increasing. The main trends and limitations of the digital transformation of Russian industry have been identified. Approaches to defining the resilience of an industrial enterprise have been systematized, and the concepts of digital maturity, intellectual maturity, and intellectual-digital maturity have been delineated. The scientific novelty lies in refining the content of resilience at the enterprise level and in the author’s specific conceptualization of “intellectual-digital maturity” as applied to an innovation-active industrial enterprise. It is concluded that the coordinated use of data, intellectual technologies, employee competencies, and ecosystem connections creates the prerequisites for anticipating risks, adapting, and transforming the enterprise. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of using them in developing strategies for digital transformation and approaches to diagnosing the intellectual digital maturity of industrial enterprises. Further research will focus on developing the stages, algorithm, and methodology for assessing the intellectual digital maturity of an innovation-active industrial enterprise.