The article covers the approach to long-term planning for development of energy «from supply to demand», based on the search for balance of interests of energy resources suppliers and consumers. The author’s economic-mathematical model allows to find the optimal plan of technical decisions on the basis of balance of power and opportunities for energy needs of the economy. It is proved that the relevance of the consideration in the development programs of technical solutions in the energy sector due to the structure of the cost of energy, in which the major share (60 %) belongs to the cost of building power plants.